Emotions imply a revision of our beliefs inasmuch as they are triggered by a discrepancy between our expectancies and new situations. I will study the converse relation: how emotions, particularly recurrent emotions that reappear in similar situations in the long term, are incentives to revise not only our beliefs but also the order of priorities between their related desires. Understanding how affects can revise both beliefs—under their committing aspect—and the order of desires, implies seeing the dynamics of affects as interacting (...) with external dynamics and the order of priorities as a weak one. These philosophical considerations shed new light on the diversity of emotions, on their different temporalities, and on the paradox of emotional sharing. (shrink)

The compatibility between freedom as possibility of change and continuity of personal identity is questionable. Change implies revisions. The tension between ensuring continuity of choice and evaluating a situation of choice that has been changed by these very revisions can be overcome by putting certain conditions on epistemic revision and preference revision. These conditions define a procedure leading to what I call a ?justified path of revision and action?. I will examine several examples in order to show how this procedure (...) of evaluation works. It can also be used to compare two different capabilities while ensuring the continuity of personal identity and the real autonomy of the person. (shrink)

Opacity, in Metzinger’s sense, is access to processed information _as_ processed, while transparency is only access to the _content _of our phenomenal states. I suspect that transparency conflates different notions. First I show that every conscious experience has a “transparent” core (involving intentionality, directedness and assumption of existence, insensitivity to some unconscious process). Anyway, to be sensitive to earlier processing steps does not imply to take the representation “as modeled by our simulator”. There are other ways of being sensitive to (...) this processing experience: experience of gaps in perceptive synthesis, experience of incompleteness, queerness of experience, phenomenal incoherence, searching consciousness. Many of them implies only to put in abeyance incoherence or incompleteness (to be laterally aware of a conflict without dealing with it), or even to put this abeyance into abeyance (not to take into account the absence of solution). But if the conflict becomes serious, we revise our assumption, and this requires the assumption that the conflict is about existing things. The self has a peculiar property here. Even when I revise one aspect of my self, I have to presuppose a self, in the sense that I put in abeyance other revisions of this presupposed self. Self is not a simulation, even if we have only this peculiar access to it. <b> </b>. (shrink)

Research in artificial intelligence (AI) has led to revise the challenges of the AI initial programme as well as to keep us alert to peculiarities and limitations of human cognition. Both are linked, as a careful further reading of the Turing’s test makes it clear from Searle’s Chinese room apologue and from Dreyfus’ suggestions, and in both cases, ideal had to be turned into operating mode. In order to rise these more pragmatic challenges AI does not hesitate to link together (...) operations of various levels and functionalities, more specific or more general. The challenges are not met by an operating formal system which should have from the outset all the learning skills, but -for instance in simulation- by the dynamics of a succession of solutions open to adjustments as well as to reflexive repeats. (shrink)

Alors que dans les Analytiques, Aristote se préoccupe des raisonnements concernant le vrai, et surtout le nécessaire, « la fonction de la rhétorique, ...

t. 1. Economie politique et philosophie sociale -- t. 2. Economie normative et philosophie morale -- t. 3. Science économique et philosophie des sciences -- t. 4. Leçons de philosophie économique.

La théorie des jeux évolutionnaires s'oppose à la théorie des jeux classique en ce qu 'elle élimine les raisonnements des joueurs. Peut-elle dépasser les apories de la théorie classique ? Mais en reconsidérant le raisonnement classique d'induction rétrograde, en y introduisant des possibilités de révision, on évite son aspect paradoxal. L'intérêt de la théorie des jeux évolutionnaires est donc surtout de simuler l'évolution d'interactions dans des populations.Evolutionary game theory does not take into account reasoning players, in contrast with classical game (...) theory. Can it overcome some drawbacks of classical theory ? If we reconsider the backward induction reasoning, and if introduce the possibility of revising, paradoxes and drawbacks disappear. So the main interest of evolutionary game theoiy consists in the simulation of evolution of interactions among populations. (shrink)

Do Web devices (addresses, tags, networks, and the rest) have counterparts in classical ontology? Yes, but they allow us also to introduce more refined distinctions. In addition, their dynamic use could inspire a dynamic reconception of classical ontology. In the process of making explicit ontological types, different types can be undistinguished at the first step (considered as “floating types”) to be defined only in a further step, one in which their function as distinguishers of other kinds of entities has to (...) be made explicit. The fact that the ontological import of some node in a network of tags and addresses could evolve with the transformation of the network can most easily find an interpretation in this dynamic conception of ontology. (shrink)

On a utilisé des raisonnements contrefactuels en histoire dans le but de valider ou de réfuter des relations de causalité. L’exemple le plus connu est celui des travaux de Fogel, sur la question de l’importance du développement des chemins de fer dans l’essor de l’économie américaine. En imaginant des scénarios contrefactuels dans lesquels ce développement n’aurait pas eu lieu, il est arrivé à une conclusion négative : l’essor américain aurait pu avoir lieu même en utilisant d’autres moyens d..