We adjust the notion of finitary filter pair, which was coined for creating and analyzing finitary logics, in such a way that we can treat logics of cardinality $$\kappa $$, where $$\kappa $$ is a regular cardinal. The corresponding new notion is called $$\kappa $$ -filter pair. A filter pair can be seen as a presentation of a logic, and we ask what different $$\kappa $$ -filter pairs give rise to a fixed logic of cardinality $$\kappa $$. To make the (...) question well-defined we restrict to a subcollection of filter pairs and establish a bijection from that collection to the set of natural extensions of that logic by a set of variables of cardinality $$\kappa $$. Along the way we use $$\kappa $$ -filter pairs to construct natural extensions for a given logic, work out the relationships between this construction and several others proposed in the literature, and show that the collection of natural extensions forms a complete lattice. In an optional section we introduce and motivate the concept of a general filter pair. (shrink)

At least since Kuhn’s Structure, philosophers have studied the influence of social factors in science’s pursuit of truth and knowledge. More recently, formal models and computer simulations have allowed philosophers of science and social epistemologists to dig deeper into the detailed dynamics of scientific research and experimentation, and to develop very seemingly realistic models of the social organization of science. These models purport to be predictive of the optimal allocations of factors, such as diversity of methods used in science, size (...) of groups, and communication channels among researchers. In this paper we argue that the current research faces an empirical challenge. The challenge is to connect simulation models with data. We present possible scenarios about how the challenge may unfold. (shrink)

The idea that simplicity matters in science is as old as science itself, with the much cited example of Ockham's Razor, 'entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem': entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity. A problem with Ockham's razor is that nearly everybody seems to accept it, but few are able to define its exact meaning and to make it operational in a non-arbitrary way. Using a multidisciplinary perspective including philosophers, mathematicians, econometricians and economists, this 2002 monograph examines simplicity (...) by asking six questions: what is meant by simplicity? How is simplicity measured? Is there an optimum trade-off between simplicity and goodness-of-fit? What is the relation between simplicity and empirical modelling? What is the relation between simplicity and prediction? What is the connection between simplicity and convenience? The book concludes with reflections on simplicity by Nobel Laureates in Economics. (shrink)

El artículo tiene como objetivo –a pesar de su modestia– contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la relación de parentesco de Antonin Artaud, con muchos de sus conrtemporáneos considerados como “vanguardistas”. Al mismo tiempo, se pretende desmitificar la idea que se tiene de Artaud sólo como un..

In Ecce Homo's "Why I am a Destiny," Nietzsche declares that "the concept of politics" will merge entirely into a "Mind-war" and that "the earth will know Great politics." Through analyzing these two concepts, the aim of this article is to counter Bernard Williams's claim that "Nietzsche did not move to any view that offered a coherent politics." Nietzsche does so in calling for the founding of a "Party of Life," whose "concept of politics" is to breed a new "master (...) race," to fight a Mind-war, ignited by the "act" of the "Revaluation," The Antichrist, against the "Party of Christianity.". (shrink)

ABSTRACT In Ecce Homo’s “Why I am a Destiny,” Nietzsche declares that “the concept of politics” will merge entirely into a “Mind-war” and that “the earth will know Great politics.” Through analyzing these two concepts, the aim of this article is to counter Bernard Williams’s claim that “Nietzsche did not move to any view that offered a coherent politics.” Nietzsche does so in calling for the founding of a “Party of Life,” whose “concept of politics” is to breed a new (...) “master race,” to fight a Mind-war, ignited by the “act” of the “Revaluation,” The Antichrist, against the “Party of Christianity.”. (shrink)

SUMMARYDebates about Nietzsche's political thought today revolve around his role in contemporary democratic theory: is he a thinker to be mined for stimulating resources in view of refounding democratic legitimacy on a radicalised, postmodern and agonistic footing, or is he the modern arch-critic of democracy budding democrats must hone their arguments against? Moving away from this dichotomy, this article asks first and foremost what democracy meant for Nietzsche in late nineteenth-century Germany, and on that basis what we might learn from (...) him now. To do so, it will pay particular attention to the political, intellectual and cultural contexts within which Nietzsche's thought evolved, namely Bismarck's relationship to the new German Reichstag, the philological discovery of an original Aryan race, and Nietzsche's encounter with Gobineau's racist thought through his frequentation of the Wagner circle. It argues that Nietzsche's most lasting contribution to democratic thinking is not to be found in the different ways he may or may not be used to buttress certain contemporary ideological positions, but rather how his notions of ‘herd morality’, ‘misarchism’ and the genealogical method still provides us with the conceptual tools to better understand the political world we inhabit. (shrink)

Die Aufsätze dieses Buches behandeln einen selbstreflexiven Aufriß der Methodik, die lebensweltlichen Voraussetzungen methodischer Begriffsbildung, den Plan des systematischen methodischen Aufbaus sowie methodische Folgerungen hinsichtlich einer wissenschaftlichen und philosophischen Psychologie. Sie repräsentieren damit grundlegende Momente des umfangreichen Dinglerschen Werkes und mögen dazu anregen, sich einen der interessantesten Wissenschaftsphilosophen dieses Jahrhunderts neu zu erschließen. Inhalt: Methodik statt Erkenntnistheorie; 1936 - Das Unberührte. Die Definition des unmittelbar gegebenen; 1942 - Das See-lenproblem in methodischer Behandlung, Erstveröffentlichung.

Nous reproduisons ici, avec l’aimable autorisation de la Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg, la courte correspondance inédite entre Dingler et Henri Poincaré. Cette correspondance, conservée aux Archives Dingler dans la Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg, consiste en trois documents : un brouillon en allemand de la main de Dingler, sa traduction française par une autre plume, mais avec des corrections ef...

Nous reproduisons ici, avec l’aimable autorisation de la Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg (Allemagne), la courte correspondance inédite entre Dingler et Henri Poincaré. Cette correspondance, conservée aux Archives Dingler dans la Hofbibliothek Aschaffenburg (et mentionnée dans le catalogue du Nachlass de Dingler [Wolters & Schroeder-Heister 1979]), consiste en trois documents : un brouillon en allemand de la main de Dingler, sa traduction française par une autre plume, mais avec des corrections ef...