Muitas vezes os juristas consideram científico o seu saber e o seu fazer sobre normas jurídicas – a chamada dogmática jurídica. Isso é feito sem maiores problematizações, como se o caráter científico fosse um dado, uma obviedade, um truísmo. O conceito de ciência, por sua vez, é o objeto principal de uma disciplina do saber filosófico: a Filosofia da Ciência. No presente artigo, pretendo compreender o que é a Filosofia da Ciência, qual o seu campo de atuação, para então refletir (...) sobre se e como ela se aplica à dogmática jurídica. Para isso, realizei pesquisa teórica e bibliográfica cujo ponto de partida residiu no recorte bibliográfico feito pelo curso “Philosophy of Science”, da plataforma Saylor Academy. Foram examinadas, sistematizadas e confrontadas diferentes fontes com o intuito de identificar a posição mais consistente. Dentre os principais resultados, encontram-se: a identificação da Filosofia da Ciência como disciplina distinta das disciplinas empíricas ou observacionais sobre Ciência; a confrontação dessa disciplina com a crítica que denuncia sua suposta inutilidade; a defesa da relevância da Filosofia da Ciência e de sua aplicação ao Direito. (shrink)

As críticas de Sokal e Bricmont ao pós-modernismo contidas na obra “Imposturas Intelectuais” causaram diferentes reações no Brasil e no exterior. Entre nós, não houve, contudo, um estudo acadêmico que se dedicasse exclusivamente a compreender, sistematizar e descrever as ideias sobre o pós-modernismo contidas na obra como um todo. O presente artigo pretende suprir essa lacuna e contribuir para a literatura existente. Para cumprir o objetivo geral de compreensão, sistematização e descrição mencionado, a investigação filosófica da obra visou i) as (...) características gerais e as raízes intelectuais e sociais do pós-modernismo; ii) as críticas filosóficas e sociopolíticas feitas por Sokal e Bricmont ao pós-modernismo; iii) os antídotos ou alternativas ao pós-modernismo apresentadas pelos autores. O resultado poderá ser útil como material de apoio no estudo da obra e no estudo do pensamento dos pensadores pós-modernos criticados por Sokal e Bricmont; para a análise crítica de outros pensadores pós-modernos; para quem queira se engajar no debate a respeito do pós-modernismo, seja para criticá-lo, seja para defendê-lo. Pelo seu conteúdo, poderá ser de particular interesse para estudiosos da filosofia e história do pensamento, da epistemologia geral e da epistemologia das ciências humanas e sociais, da sociologia da ciência e de quem se interessa pelas interseções entre ciência, racionalidade e emancipação social. (shrink)

This article presents a study on the dialogue between the ideas and the aesthetics of Augusto dos Anjos. What is meant to be postulated is that the Paraiba’s poet puts his vigorous aesthetic to the service of ideas that were expurgated from the literary and academic scene under the label of vitalism, in favor of the hegemony of mechanism. Aesthetic images, the use of a nearly completely denotative scientific language, and morbidity, as paroxysms of this aesthetic project are not really (...) an isolated initiative of the poet, but not even his contemporaries understood the greatness of his project and how it was neces-sary, to accomplish it, that he raises his poetics to an unusual aesthetic level. Augusto dos Anjos, even on the fringes of the elitist epicenter of Ouvidor Street (where his accent and his color would have no place), succeeded in constructing a true poetics of denotation that became one of the most radical bulwarks of a literature that, by yours hands, entered modernity. Keywords: Augusto dos Anjos. Vitalism and mechanism. Denotation. Scientific poetry.1 Introdução1.1 Do propósitoNeste artigo pretendemos dissertar sobre um aspecto da poética diversificada de Augusto dos Anjos. Motiva esta pesquisa a observação de que sua obra ensejou interpretações controversas entre os estudio-sos, sobretudo quanto à uma categorização de ordem taxonômica, que a dispusesse sob o rótulo de um estilo. De fato, o Eu (1912), essa obra única de Augusto dos Anjos, é rica em elementos característicos de várias escolas e de diferentes estilos literários, e tais elementos são, não raro, antagônicos. Transitam pela poética de Augusto dos Anjos o Simbolismo, o SEÇÃO: ENSAIOSA ciência da poesia da ciência em Augusto dos AnjosThe science of science’s poetry in Augusto dos Anjos . (shrink)

A obra apresenta pela primeira vez e na íntegra, alguns dos mais importantes tratados recolhidos sob o nome de Hipócrates na coleção de textos gregos chamados Corpus Hippcraticum. Os tratados escolhidos apresentam importantes conceitos e preceitos desenvolvidos há mais de dois milênios e que, até hoje, estão presentes na prática médica ocidental. O leitor encontra textos sobre a importância da medicina hipocrática, tratados deontológicos, que estabeleceram os alicerces práticos da ética médica, e sobre o universo da prática médica antiga.

O ficcionalismo, geralmente classificado como um tipo de nominalismo, apresenta como perspectiva precípua a tese de que os entes matemáticos são ficções. Para o ficcionalista, o discurso matemático é desprovido de conteúdo. Hartry Field, que é o principal defensor dessa concepção ontológica da matemática, contesta, em Science Without Numbers, a utilização de entes matemáticos na redação de teorias da física, alegando que a defesa mais plausível do realismo ontológico matemático é o argumento da indispensabilidade de Quine-Putnam. O ficcionalismo defendido por (...) Field nos permite, de acordo com Shapiro, classificá-lo no grupo filosofia-primeiro, ou seja, entre os filósofos que defendem que a filosofia deve ser responsável por legislar a respeito da prática matemática. Dessa forma, podemos considerar Field um revisionista epistemológico. Como se sabe, a dependência da ciência moderna em relação ao discurso matemático coloca a tese ficcionalista em xeque. Ainda assim, se partirmos dos pressupostos filosóficos da vertente formalista da filosofia da matemática, que concebe a matemática como constituída de um conjunto de regras sem significado que podem ser manipuladas de maneira puramente sintática, poderemos traçar importantes analogias entre matemática e ficção, tal como também entre metamatemática e metaficção. Para um formalista simpático à tese ficcionalista, o estatuto ontológico da matemática é semelhante ao das regras de um jogo de xadrez. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com a crítica aos PNPG e suas determinações na produção do conhecimento dos professores de Educação Física das IES do estado da Bahia no período de 1982 a 2012, através da análise epistemológica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, cujos dados foram analisado a luz do método do materialismo histórico e dialético. Os resultados apontam que os PNPG apresentam em seus objetivos e diretrizes uma concepção de pós-graduação que estimula o produtivismo acadêmico e a aproximação (...) da ciência ao capital que determinam uma produção predominantemente desenvolvida com base na lógica formal. (shrink)

O projeto Brasil parte da seguinte premissa: a cada ano, selecionar quatro fotografias que apresentam um exercício de significação sobre o país a partir do cotidiano. Tal iniciativa se inscreve no período posterior à deposição criminosa da presidenta Dilma Rousseff no ano de 2016, evento que marcou o início de uma série de retrocessos na sociedade brasileira, procurando de alguma forma debater essa nova realidade social. Com duração indefinida, procura-se construir ao longo dos anos um conjunto de imagens que pode (...) ser apresentado de diferentes maneiras. (shrink)

Neste artigo visa-se demarcar os intercursos da ética do discurso de Habermas e da psicologia genética de Lawrence Kohlberg. Se, por um lado, para o filósofo alemão a sua proposta ética pode contribuir para suprir os déficits da psicologia genética em relação ao desenvolvimento moral, por outro lado, a ética do discurso se apoia nas pesquisas empíricas realizadas pelos teóricos da psicologia e, com isso, reforçam a tese da universalidade ética defendida por Habermas e Carl Otto-Apel. No entanto, há limites (...) na demarcação da filosofia e da psicologia por se tratar de campos nos quais as metodologias não se identificam e por assumirem perspectivas epistemológicas distintas, descritiva para a psicologia do desenvolvimento e prescritiva para a ética do discurso. Ainda assim, a filosofia de Habermas pretende estabelecer uma relação com campos distintos de saberes, a partir dos quais garante a interdisciplinaridade e a abertura para o diálogo constante entre saberes diversos. (shrink)

Este trabalho identifica a realidade da produção do conhecimento stricto sensu em Educação Física de professores que trabalham em cursos de formação no estado da Bahia – 1982 a 2012 –, em vista as determinações históricas e epistemológicas. É parte da pesquisa em rede EPISTEFNORDESTE. Fonte de dados/informações: 142 produções stricto sensu e 5 PNPG. A metodologia tem base dialética. Resultados apontam que os PNPG, alicerçados na lógica do modo de produção capitalista, geram produções que encerram limites lógicos que são (...) entraves para o avanço da área de Educação Física na construção de uma consistente base teórica que responda aos reais problemas que a área vem impondo historicamente. (shrink)

To investigate the effects of two different modes of physical activity on body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses in female adolescents participating in a multi-disciplinary program. The 12-week randomized intervention included 25-adolescents with overweight divided into two groups: sports practice-SPG and functional training-FTG. The SPG intervention was divided into three sports: basketball, handball, and futsal. SPG participants performed one sport 3-times/week, over the course of 1 month. The FTG performed concurrent exercises 3-times/week. This study was registered in (...) Clinical Trials Registry Platform under number: RBR-45ywtg and registered in Local Ethics Committee number: 2,505.200/2018. The intensity of physical exercises-PE was matched between groups by the rating of perceived exertion. The primary outcome was body composition, and secondary outcomes were physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses. There was a significant time-effect for body mass, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein, all being reduced. There were increases over time for musculoskeletal mass, aerobic fitness, and high-density lipoprotein. There was a group time interaction with body fat percentage being lower post-intervention in the SPG. No significant differences were observed for the other variables. Both physical activity models were effective in improving a subset of obesity-related health parameters. The findings should be extended by further investigation using more sophisticated measures of energy expenditure.Clinical Trial Registration:https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/, identifier: RBR-45ywtg. (shrink)

Introduction: The importance attached to ethical practice and related informed consent varies among health professionals and is further influenced by working environments, level of knowledge, experience and societal values and beliefs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ethical conduct of professors, undergraduates and graduate students through questionnaires answered by patients. Methods: One hundred twenty patients at the dental clinics of three different dental schools in São Paulo State were interviewed based on objective and discursive questions about signed (...) informed consent, participation in scientific research, photographs during treatment, requested saliva samples, tooth donation requests, and information about tooth destination after removal. A frequency distribution was used for a statistical analysis of the data. Results: In all, 65.8% of the patients had given signed informed consent for treatment and 12.5% had not done so; 10.8% did not know if they had participated in scientific research; 54.2% were photographed during dental procedures and 47.1% of them had signed an authorization form; 6.6% were requested to provide a saliva sample and 66.6% of them had signed an authorization form to that effect; 16.1% had a tooth donation requested and 64.4% of them had signed an authorization form to that effect; and 61.3% did not know the destination of the tooth after removal, when donation was not requested. Conclusions: The majority of the patients had signed an informed consent form for treatment, photographs, saliva samples and tooth donation. This demonstrated ethical conduct towards patients on the part of professors, undergraduates and graduate students. doi: 10.5294/pebi.2017.21.1.2. (shrink)

While firms' engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility has been associated with positive performance impacts, little is known about the incorporation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda into business practices. Precisely, although the literature suggests that firms are pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there are limited insights on their strategy to implement them in the context of developing countries. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive large-scale investigation of 2030 Agenda adoption by Brazilian companies. Accordingly, the analysis of our (...) multicase study reveals (1) variations on the business opportunities brought by the SDGs depending on the firm position in the value chain, (2) which SDGs and target stakeholders are addressed through corporate policies and practices, (3) the different ways firms embrace the SDGs to pursue ambidexterity. Our findings clarify how firms in the developing countries interpret the institutional pressures and assemble their internal resources to respond to the SDGs challenges. Boundary conditions and policy implications are further discussed. (shrink)

Background Q-CEP (Qualificação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa que compõem o Sistema CEP/Conep) is a nationwide project resulting from a partnership between the Brazilian National Research Ethics Commission (Conep), the Ministry of Health and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV). It was developed to consolidate policy for ethical review of research with human beings in all members of the CEP/Conep System, Brazil’s national system of institutional review boards. The aim of this study was therefore to report on the experience and (...) results of the Q-CEP project. Methods An observational, retrospective study includes data from the Q-CEP, obtained from visits to all the institutional research ethics committees (RECs) in the country. The actions implemented by Q-CEP were part of a two-step process: (i) training visits to each REC; (ii) development of distance learning modules on strategic topics pertaining to research ethics evaluation. The data presented herein cover step one (training visits), defined by Q-CEP as the diagnostic stage of the project. For a country with social and economics inequalities such as Brazil, this is a particularly important stage; an accurate picture of reality is needed to inform planning of quality improvement strategies. Results In 2019–2021, Q-CEP visited 832 RECs and trained 11,197 people. This sample covered almost all active RECs in the country; only 4 (0.5%) were not evaluated. Of the 94 items evaluated, 62% did not reach the target of at least 80% compliance and around 1/4 (26%) were below 50% compliance. The diagnostic stage of the process revealed inadequacies on the part of the RECs in their ethical reviews. The analysis of informed consent forms showed compliance in only 131 RECs (15.74%). The description of pending issues made by RECs in their reports was compliant in 19.33% (n = 161). Administrative and operational aspects were also considered inadequate by more than half of the RECs. Conclusions Overall, Brazilian RECs showed poor compliance in several aspects of their operation, both in ethics evaluation and in other processes, which justifies additional training. The Q-CEP project is part of a quality improvement policy promoted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The data obtained in the diagnostic step of the project have contributed to the qualification and consolidation of one of the world’s largest research ethics evaluation systems. (shrink)

System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of (...) its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance. (shrink)

Objetivamos elaborar um balanço sobre lógica das perguntas científicas na produção do conhecimento stricto sensu. Tomamos como fontes 100 dissertações e 32 teses escritas por docentes que trabalham em cursos de Educação Física no Estado da Bahia – 1982 a 2018, abordando enquanto objeto a lógica instituída pelas perguntas científicas na referida produção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, tendo como método o materialismo histórico e dialético. Os resultados apontam que 48% das produções têm suas perguntas de investigação construída a partir (...) da lógica formal; 28% apresenta uma lógica dialética na elaboração das perguntas científicas; e 24% não apresentam problema de investigação. (shrink)

In this article, our objective was to analyze the emotions expressed regarding the Covid-19 vaccine in content published in Brazilian Portuguese on TikTok, a video sharing platform that has recently experienced global popularity. Our data set for this investigation was comprised of posts including the hashtag #vacina (vaccine), extracted using the Python TikTokAPI library. Emotions were identified and classified using standardized descriptors from the Human-Machine Interaction Network on Emotion (HUMAINE) and the Core Affect Model. Given the diversity of content on (...) TikTok, videos with emotional content were also separated into categories. Results revealed a prevalence of positive emotions such as contentment, enthusiasm, and interest regarding the vaccines, especially in videos of a personal and informative character. Negative emotions, such as doubt and disapproval, were associated with contextual and strategic factors, with significant expression in humorous and infotainment publications. (shrink)

The history of East Timor has gone through several moments of transformation due to human actions that have the presence of Portuguese, Japanese, Indonesians and different social groups and local kingdoms. With this, one can note the trend of the evolution of thinking, arising from education in philosophy and its contribution to the changes that were seen as necessary, were initial instruments for Timor to become a republic, not explored, but as an autonomous people. Thus, the aim of this article (...) is to present a reflection on the role of philosophy in the history of the Timorese society. Thus, philosophy should not be understood only with a mere sense of individualistic self-construction, or even an incorporation of circumstantial urgencies, but rather with regard to a content that must be taught and learned, given that there are languages and methods and that, with due importance, understanding is built, also developing more doubts and, thus, the philosophical character of national thought. However, it is necessary to recognize the assumption that philosophical themes were established according to universal terms, with Universal approaches and incorporated with the urgencies of each place. Thus, even the themes with a challenging nature, there was still Timorese philosophical expression of clear importance for the development of a national idea, so that philosophy is present and is still discussed in all periods that make up the National History. In that regard, this article will offer in the first part an introduction, second philosophy, third history, fourth nation building, fifth the history of struggle for national liberation and will be end with final consideration. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo visa relacionar a tese da centralidade do outlaw, para se pensar o direito, em Hannah Arendt, com a sua compreensão do direito como “direito a ter direitos”, esboçada em “Origens do totalitarismo”. Partindo da desintegração europeia no início do século XX e do surgimento do outlaw contemporâneo, o refugiado, refletiremos sobre o sentido do princípio da legalidade, sua relação, em Arendt, com a plural condição humana e o mundo comum. Mostraremos como estão contidos, na obra mencionada, elementos (...) para uma articulação inicial entre a ideia do direito como “direito a ter direitos” e uma teoria da cidadania na pensadora judia-alemã. ABSTRACT This article aims to relate the thesis of the centrality of the outlaw to think of Law, in Hannah Arendt with her understanding of Law as "right to have rights" drafted in Origins of totalitarianism. Starting from the European disintegration in the early twentieth century and the emergence of the contemporary outlaw, the refugee, we will reflect on the meaning of the principle of legality, its relationship, in Arendt, with a plural human condition and the common world. We will show how there are elements contained, in the work mentioned, for an initial articulation between an idea of law as "right to have rights" and a theory of citizenship in the Jewish-German thinker. (shrink)

: In today’s political philosophy framework, it is commonplace to associate Adam Smith with akind of theory that ignores human dispositions and considers only the self-interested perspective ofindividuals. Although this view has been widely supported in different fields – viz Philosophy andEconomy, we consider this a biased interpretation. Using the Cambridge School orientation, we explainthe importance of historical background in reading Smith’s work to argue that Smith’s writings should beinterpreted within the Scottish Enlightenment context. From this contextual approach, it is (...) possible tosustain an integrated reading of Smith’s books The Theory of Moral Sentiments (TMS) and An Inquiryinto the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations (WN). This reading leads to a more faithfulinterpretation of Smith’s idea that the agent in society is morally engaged in socio-economic relations.Once this hypothesis is confirmed, we will defend a systematic analysis of Smith’s philosophy arguingthat Smith’s philosophy is a holistic system, in what we call a tripartite theory. (shrink)

In the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason (1787), Kant argues for the impossibility of theistic arguments, namely the ontological, cosmological, and physico-theological arguments. However, his objection relies on his classification of theistic arguments, which has been criticized by analytical philosophers of religion such as Plantinga (2012) and Swinburne (2019). Therefore, this paper aims to critically investigate two problems related to this classification: the systematic criteria of its classification and the historical sufficiency of its three theistic proofs. Regarding (...) the first problem, it will be argued that it is possible to recognize a certain systematic artificiality in Kant's classification of theistic proofs, given the criticisms of Strawson (1966) and Hegel (1812, 1830), as well as the internal critique developed by the authors of this work. Regarding the second problem, it will be argued that it is possible to indicate a certain historical insufficiency in Kant's classification of the three theistic proofs, based on brief critiques focused on some classical theologians such as Anselm, Aquinas, and Al-Ghazali. Finally, once it is justified that Kant's objection depends on this possibly artificial and insufficient classification, it will be briefly indicated that Kant does not seem as justified as he intended in his objection to theistic arguments. (shrink)

This chapter argues that the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the limits of the mainstream individualistic notion of resilience and, in light of these limits, it advances a new, relational notion of the concept of resilience that contributes to the individuals’ well-being and takes into consideration the role of systemic inequality. The first half of the paper argues that the individualistic notion is flawed in two ways: i) it can foster ill-being because it is cognitively taxing, and ii) it discounts systemic (...) inequality because it transfers the responsibility of any achievement and failure onto the single individual without regard for conditions of oppression. The second half of the paper reconceptualizes the concept of resilience as a relational notion that takes into account structural support as well as conditions of oppression and marginalization. According to this latter notion of resilience, the chapter argues that oppression, lack of material conditions, or lack of structural support are elements that can impact the appropriateness of calls to be resilient. A relational notion of resilience fosters well-being because it puts the collective community at the center (instead of the individual) and it takes into consideration material conditions and structural injustices. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment &Responsibility, Volume 33, Issue 2, Page 184-200, April 2024.

This article will address Edith Stein's interests in relation to the microcosm of man, whether as a material, living, animated or spiritual body, as well as in his social, historical, community and cultural position. For Edith Stein, only through this set of interrelated and exclusive instances, each with its own particularities and yet dependent on the others. The phenomenological study of the SELF presented by the author, in the search for the Divine, for awareness of “character”, in the experience of (...) each part of one's own being, in experience, in empathy, where through philosophical anthropology Edith Stein conceives everyone as living beings, with man as a microcosm. For this reason, in the first part it will be discussed regarding The Centrality of the Body in Stein's Philosophical Anthropology. It has become a necessity within anthropology to refer to the body/empathy element. These two realities are established as essential in Stein's considerations and they are what will determine the scope of what refers to the empathic process and the Constitution of the self, elements so necessary for the recovery of the affirming reality of the human in its specification’s man/woman. In the second stage will address about the Soul and Spirit in Stein's Philosophical Anthropology. The living body is established in the fact that in addition to possessing external sensory characteristics, which can be grasped by consciousnesses, they themselves are holders of the ability to feel. Stein postulates as the first characteristic of the experienced body The Binding of the latter to an individual consciousness, to a subject. In his doctoral work, Stein turns to the characterization of an individual who has an essence that is established not only in the corporeal-psychic dimension, but also in that of spiritual appreciation. Finally, and will be closed with conclusions. (shrink)

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players’ stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate and blood lactate concentration responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La−] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean and [La−] mean did not differ between 1-H (...) and 2-H. Time in intensity zones of 50–100 %HRmax differed only in 60–70 %HRmax. HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low and among the four outfield players on the court. Substitutions, time of permanence on the court, ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court also were similar between 1-H and 2-H. Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies. (shrink)

Este ensaio expõe parte de uma pesquisa sobre a relação entre natureza e política,com ênfase nos processos de naturalização da vida humana na filosofia políticacontemporânea. O totalitarismo e o domínio total em Hannah Arendt é o aspecto dapesquisa sobre o qual iremos nos deter neste texto. Partiremos do totalitarismo como categorianarracional. Apresentaremos a novidade da forma totalitária de governar; sua base napassagem da questão judaica ao mal radical; as alterações, relacionadas ao tema do poder,serão expostas a partir dos elementos tipificadores (...) do totalitarismo segundo Arendt:massificação, propaganda, movimento-organização, solidão e campos de concentração. (shrink)

After the publication of Hart's Concept of Law, Dworkin published his article “The Model of Rules,” dividing positivism into two varieties: inclusive and exclusive. Many theorists involved in this debate have characterized Hart's position as inclusivist, which we reject in this article. We argue that Hart, in the postscript to The Concept of Law, conceded a point to Dworkin in accepting that inclusive positivism would imply the existence of objective moral standing, adopting a more “neutral” position—compatible with inclusive and exclusive (...) positivism—and consequently distancing himself from the incorporation thesis, which is paramount to inclusive positivism. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta a carnavalização proposta por Warat ao adotar a obra A Ciência Jurídica e seus dois maridos como marco de seu estilo narrativo e polifônico, multiplicador de metáforas, com vistas a revelar e superar o paradigma moderno dominante, representado pelo normativismo jurídico no campo do Direito. Para tanto, se reproduzem metáforas waratianas de modelos epistemológicos opostos mas complementares e se traça um paralelo com o duelo de modernidades. A partir da epistemologia crítica waratiana sua proposta pedagógica é (...) apresentada como indissociável para então se pensar no legado waratiano como um convite para a cumplicidade. (shrink)

In Brazil, the CNPq provides grants, funds and fellowships to productive scientists to support their investigations. They are ranked and categorized into four hierarchical levels ranging from PQ 1A to PQ 1D. Few studies, however, report and analyse scientific productivity in different sub-fields of Biomedical Sciences, e.g., Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Biophysics and Physiology. In fact, systematic comparisons of productivity among the PQ 1 categories within the above sub-fields are lacking in the literature. Here, the scientific productivity of 323 investigators receiving PQ (...) 1 fellowships in these sub-fields of BS was investigated. The Scopus database was used to compile the total number of articles, citations, h-index values and authorship positions in the most cited papers by researchers granted CNPq fellowships. We found that researchers from Pharmacology had the best performance for all of the parameters analysed, followed by those in Biochemistry. There was great variability in scientific productivity within the PQ 1A level in all of the sub-fields of BS, but not within the other levels. Analysis of the most cited papers of PQ 1 researchers in Pharmacology revealed that the citations of researchers in the 1C and 1D levels were associated with publications with their senior supervisors, whereas those in the 1B level were less connected with their supervisors in comparison to those in 1A. Taken together, these findings suggest that the scientific performance of PQ 1A researchers in BS is not homogenous. In our opinion, parameters such as the most cited papers without the involvement of Ph.D. and/or post-doctoral supervisors should be used to make decisions regarding any given researcher’s fellowship award level. (shrink)

Bureaucratic selectivity mechanisms are the true colours of welfare states, stigmatising benefit recipients while hampering their trust in institutions and society at large. Universal policies such as the Universal Basic Income could protect recipients’ trust by circumventing selectivity paraphernalia. By analysing regressions on the Finnish UBI experiment’s survey data, we assess the links from policy selectivity to trust in the benefit-providing institution and generalised trust through the pathway of reduced bureaucratic experience. More specifically, we analyse whether receipt of UBI leads (...) to greater trust directly or while accompanied by an actual or perceived reduction in bureaucracy. According to our results, UBI is accompanied by greater trust, while selectivity does not necessarily lead to less trust or perception of less bureaucracy. However, in our analysis, policy selectivity did not directly correlate to recipients’ reported bureaucratic experiences, and their relationship with trust proved tricky: selectivity did not risk recipients’ trust in the policy-implementing institution, but generalised trust in other people was lowered. Thus, selective benefit recipients might be prone to self-inflicted stigma, hampering their trust in other people, regardless of actual bureaucratic experiences or trust in the welfare system. (shrink)

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma reflexão a respeito da leitura feita por Carl Schmitt dos intelectuais católicos como filósofos de Estado da contrarrevolução. Pontualmente, o trabalho concentra-se na relação estabelecida por Carl Schmitt entre Teologia Política e Constituição, a partir da análise das reflexões De Maistre e De Bonald, em especial no que diz respeito a leitura teológico-política de categorias centrais da teoria da constituição, como, por exemplo, a questão do poder constituinte e da constituição da ordem, uma (...) reflexão crítica de tais categorias não para restaurar a monarquia, mas, sim, apontando para a defesa da ditadura. Assim, partindo de um método hermenêutico, foram analisados os textos de bibliografia primária e, doravante, obras outras de interlocutores, bem como outros autores que se dedicaram ao problema em análise. (shrink)

A lógica I1, um sistema trivalorado de caráter fracamente intuicionista, foi introduzida, via sistema axiomático (Hilbertiano) em 1995 por Sette e Carnielli. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar esse sistema em um formalismo lógico em Cálculo de Sequentes, denominado de GI1, o qual se apresenta como um sistema de prova de teoremas, caracterizado como um algoritmo, sendo mais aplicável do ponto de vista computacional, por meio da dualização do sistema de tableaux analíticos TI1. Ademais, é apresentado a equivalência dedutiva (...) entre o sistema de sequentes GI1 com o sistema Hilbertiano I1. (shrink)

Investigamos, neste texto, as concepções de informação propostas por Peirce (1839-1914) e Bateson (1904-1980) e suas implicações no processo sistêmico e evolucionário da mente, contextualizando-as no antropoceno. Destacamos as semelhanças entre as abordagens dos dois autores a partir do papel exercido pela informação na dinâmica constitutiva dos processos mentais, bem como tais abordagens podem servir como uma bússola para redirecionarmos nossa visão fragmentada de mundo e minimizarmos os impactos da ação humana na natureza, amenizando as dificuldades da era do antropoceno. (...) Diferentemente da abordagem determinista, mecanicista e reducionista nos estudos da causalidade que rege as relações, mostramos que Peirce e Bateson inserem a informação como elemento principal que propicia a emergência da comunicação, do acaso, da organização e da continuidade dos sistemas vivos. Nossa hipótese é a de que para ambos os autores, a mente é imanente e coextensiva à natureza, cuja complexidade extrapola os limites investigativos da ciência tradicional, lançando luz aos debates sobre o antropoceno, os quais visam investigar, compreender e propor ações para amenizar os impactos da conduta humana na natureza. (shrink)

BackgroundFor a long time, in sports, researchers have tried to understand an expert by comparing them with novices, raising the doubts if the visual search characteristics distinguish experts from novices. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes.MethodsThis systematic review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines. Healthy team athletes were included, which engaged in regular practice, (...) from any sex or competitive level, specifically classified a priori as expert or novice in the original research. We considered only research published in peer-reviewed journals, with no limitations regarding date or language. It was considered healthy team sport athletes engaged in regular practice. The scenarios could be in situ or film-based. The databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were used to perform the searches. The risk of bias was calculated through the RoBANS tool.ResultsFrom a total of 6,257 records, of which 985 were duplicates, titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of those, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling the eligibility criteria regarding participants. In the end, 22 studies were selected, however, as two studies were part of the same trial and were analyzed conjointly.DiscussionExperts showed to be older and with more years of practice. The ability to distinguish experts from novices was not so clear regarding the variables analyzed. This could be due to the strategies chosen in each study, which were specific to each scenario, and when grouping all together, it was lost information within non-representative averages. The distinction between experts and novices was not clear, showing a lot of heterogeneity in the included studies. The expert classification itself may have been the conditioning aspect for these results, retaining the doubt and the need for more studies in the field.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was pre-registered in OSF. (shrink)

El artículo, a partir de la idea de “confluencias” sugerida por Bispo y comentada por Krenak, busca discutir el papel central de las directoras/es de escuelas y otras instituciones para el establecimiento de múltiples “confluencias”: entre estudiantes, entre estudiantes y docentes; entre docentes; entre los responsables de los estudiantes y los docentes; entre todos los funcionarios escolares; entre la comunidad escolar y la comunidad en torno a la escuela; entre la dirección de la escuela y otros niveles de administración escolar; (...) etc. Con el apoyo en las investigaciones con los cotidianos y en las experiencias narradas y comentadas de múltiples acontecimientos, se trabajan tres diferentes ‘_espaciostiempos’_: el tiempo de la pandemia en una escuela infantil; las tensiones y soluciones para las decisiones acerca de la dirección de la escuela en un colegio universitario; la creación de una carrera experimental de formación docente en un municipio diferente a la sede universitaria. Con esas narrativas y análisis se sustenta un estudio más general de los contextos existentes, hoy, que se relacionan con las cuestiones existentes en los ‘_espaciostiempos’ _educativos. (shrink)

O texto examina o conceito arendtiano de revolução presente na obra Sobre a Revolução, focalizando, especialmente, a questão do malogro do espírito revolucionário. Nossa leitura guia-se pela hipótese de que a relação entre a necessidade e a liberdade atravessa a obra da autora e ilumina a compreensão arendtiana de revolução. A opção pela necessidade, pelo econômico, por um lado, e pela formalidade jurídica, por outro, em detrimento da liberdade, está na origem, segundo Hannah Arendt, do malogro do espírito revolucionário no (...) mundo ocidental, particularmente nas suas grandes revoluções: a francesa e a americana. (shrink)

Nesse artigo, empreenderemos uma reflexão sobre a analítica do poder em Michel Foucault. Nossa intenção é percorrer a produção foucaultiana a partir de meados dos anos setenta até início dos anos oitenta, buscando compreender os deslocamentos ou “reviravoltas” pelos quais o conceito de poder sofreu ao longo do tempo. Procuraremos mostrar que é possível identificar três momentos na pesquisa de Foucault. Em primeiro lugar, ao tentar se afastar da tradicional compreensão jurídica-discursiva do poder, ele introduz uma análise inédita a respeito (...) da dinâmica do poder disciplinar e dos micropoderes que compõem o campo social. Pode-se considerar esse um deslocamento, de modo geral, em relação à tradição política ocidental. Com o curso Em defesa da sociedade encontramo-nos diante de uma modificação na compreensão do poder, ao identificá-lo como guerra ou luta. Por fim, com a introdução dos conceitos de biopoder/biopolítica, Foucault é levado a uma grande expansão de suas pesquisas, tematizando conceitos que não faziam parte de seu interesse até então, como, por exemplo, o conceito de Estado. É nesse contexto que o conceito de governo fará sua entrada nas reflexões de Foucault. Entendemos que o conceito de governo se configura como um refinamento e, igualmente, deixa mais ampla e complexa sua análise do poder a fim de dar conta do presente político. (shrink)

Embora Schiller reconheça a “origem kantiana da maioria dos princípios” que ele elaborou nas ästhetische Briefe [1794-95], specialistas reportam essa influência, em geral, à Kritik der Urteilskraft [1790]. Todavia, esse artigo aborda a importância das antinomias kantianas da Dialética Transcendental, da Kritik der reinen Vernunft [1780]. Com base nessa observação, levanta-se a hipótese de que há um vínculo direto entre o princípio regulador transcendental, que serviu para reorientar a passagem do condicionado ao incondicionado, e o conceito do belo de Schiller; (...) o qual assume a forma de um princípio regulador-estético para garantir a passagem da humanidade de sua imperfeição à plenitude antropológica. Nesse sentido, a discussão proposta defende a tese de que o belo schilleriano deve seu estatuto moral à resolução metodológica que Kant operou frente ao dilema imposto pelas antinomias; lição essa que inspirou Schiller a realizar a conversão do belo em princípio regulativo moral. Kant; Schiller; Antinomies; Regulatory Principle; Beauty. (shrink)

Trata-se de uma investigação acerca dos limites deontológicos presentes no pensamento de Ronald Dworkin e que foram fortemente criticados por Michael Sandel. Através das análises críticas será possível avaliar se Dworkin foi ou não incoerente em sua proposta igualitária. Em outras palavras, será possível averiguar se Dworkin, um deontologista declarado, acaba decaindo em argumentos utilitaristas para sustentar sua própria teoria igualitária. Caso essa afirmação seja verdadeira, avaliaremos quais as consequências filosóficas dessa incoerência. Para tanto, empregaremos, como exemplo paradigmático, o argumento (...) de justiça distributiva dworkiniano, mais especificamente, a questão das ações afirmativas nos Estados Unidos. Nesse sentido, utilizaremos como fios condutores as obras Liberalism and the limits of justice de Michael Sandel e A matter of Principles de Ronald Dworkin. (shrink)

The mainstream view of the twentieth century suggests that the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith made a tout court defense of individualism and the pure rational calculation of economics. However, we consider this to be a biased interpretation that ignores an integrated reading of his books, The Theory of Moral Sentiments and Wealth of Nations, which hinder a global view of his thinking. In opposition to this dominant view, we propose, as the central objective of this article, the conciliation (...) between Smith’s classical liberalism and his sentimental ethics, based on the notion of human dignity, present in the recognition of the other as an equal. If this hypothesis is confirmed, we will defend the thesis of sympathetic liberalism in Adam Smith’s philosophical system. For this, we will analyze the feeling of Smithian sympathy and its interference in interpersonal relationships, then, the device of moral justification of impartiality as a promoter of fairness behavior. Finally, we will argue that the intertwining of these two elements of Smithian sentimental ethics in public space engenders a notion of human dignity compatible with his liberalism, insofar as it respects individual freedoms while fostering the progress of commercial societies. For such, we will make use of the work Theory of Moral Sentimentalism by Adam Smith and the article Sympathetic Liberalism: Recent Work on Adam Smith by Stephen Darwall. (shrink)