1. School textbooks continue to be a rich seam of research material on the history of education.1 Insofar as education cannot be envisioned without some type of resource or means for the transmissi...

O artigo procura abordar como produtos audiovisuais sobre cenas do metal em territórios africanos ao mesmo tempo em que se propõem a divulgar um outro olhar sobre as culturas africanas, também parecem reproduzir os discursos ocidentais construídos historicamente sobre suas sociedades e suas culturas locais. Para tanto, realizaremos uma análise fílmica do documentário Death Metal Angola, a qual apresentou mundialmente a existência de uma rede musical angolana dedicada ao subgênero death metal. Refletiremos até que ponto as economias, as sociedades e (...) as culturas africanas, cujas histórias têm sido retratadas constantemente de forma pessimista pela mídia internacional, estão sendo reimaginadas pelo cenário global-local através desse produto fílmico. (shrink)

The present text is an essay on childhood and teacher education, making approximations and meetings that put in question the school, the education, the teaching, the time. Childhood is not considered a category of chronological time, but an establishing force of possibility, impossibility, questions, interruptions. Childhood is affirmed beyond an age, understood as existence, life, embodied in any body and in another temporality. It is interesting to ask about the childhoods that go through the teacher formation and, perhaps, think not (...) only how we form childhood, but how childhood forms us. How do they potencialize teachers work? Under what conditions do these childhoods arise? Is the teacher becoming a maturation of childhood, childhood or childhood? What gestures tear and explode with the ways we get used to being with the children and the ways we are used to becoming teachers? These questions have accompanied me in the challenge of devoting sensitivity, attention and listening to the senses emanating from childhood, and the childhood that emanates from the senses, in the exercise of being a teacher of Early Childhood Education. Therefore, this work is inspired by the childhoods of children of the Secondary Education of Pedro II College, in childhoods of my teaching with these subjects, in beginnings, openings and beginnings that potentiate to inhabit the school and become a teacher in a childish way. (shrink)

El Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano ha otorgado especial importancia al tema relacionado con el desempeño profesional evaluativo de la información estadística en los profesionales de la salud, pero una revisión bibliográfica permitió constatar el insuficiente debate pedagógico encaminado a diagnosticar su estado actual para proponer alternativas que permitan su formación y desarrollo en los estudiantes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el desempeño profesional evaluativo de la información estadística en estudiantes de Medicina. Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de (...) métodos y técnicas de investigación, tales como encuestas, test de conocimientos permitieron confirmar que ese desempeño actualmente se expresa a un nivel insatisfactorio de actuación. Se concluyó buscar formas más efectivas para su logro en estudiantes de Medicina. The Cuban Ministry of Public Health has given special importance to the subject of professional assessment of statistical information in the area of public health; however, a bibliographic review allowed authors to prove pedagogical debate unsatisfactory. The review was aimed at diagnosing its current state and therefore provide alternatives that allow its formation and development in medical students. The objective of the article is to characterize the assessable professional performance of statistical information in medical students. The results achieved through the application of research methods and techniques such as surveys and knowledge tests enabled to confirm that, nowadays, professional performance is below satisfactory performance levels. As a result, newer and more effective ways of achieving it in medical students will be searched for. (shrink)

Crítica - As Semanas de Arte Moderna de 2022.

Es característica de las instituciones de educación superior de calidad desarrollar una pedagogía del cambio. A partir de 1999 se estableció por la Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe un programa de la red de liderazgo educativo para formar una masa crítica de profesionales de la educación, precursores en liderazgo transformacional. El artículo que se presenta tiene entre sus propósitos valorar las tendencias contemporáneas de la superación en liderazgo docente en Latinoamérica, así como de los principales (...) modelos y teorías donde se incluye además, una estimación de los diversos estilos de liderazgo y su importancia para el logro de un rol transformador en el docente de la educación superior. Quality higher education institutions have the characteristic to develop a pedagogy of change. Since 1999, the Education Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean established a program of the educative leadership net, in order to create a critical group of professionals of the educative system, pioneers in transformational leadership. One of the main purposes of the following article is to assess contemporary trends of the bettering processes in teaching leadership in Latin America, as well as, the main models and theories. The different types of leadership are estimated and also their importance for the development of a transformer role of the teaching personnel in higher education. (shrink)

One field in ethics that has been developed during recent decades is virtue ethics, represented most importantly by Alasdair MacIntyre's work After Virtue. Virtue ethics is not opposed to principle-based ethics, but rather complements its task and develops it more fully. In the field of US bioethics, this option has proved to be even more fruitful, especially in the work of Edmund Pellegrino and David Thomasma. Virtue ethics is also being reappraised in relation to the ethics of organisations and business. (...) It is considered that the best way of running a company does not depend solely on a group of ethical principles or agreed criteria, but on the effective exercise of certain qualities of character. Indeed, minimal ethics do not guarantee the excellence of organisations, or even their correct development. They guarantee certain standards of coexistence, but this is not sufficient to carry forward a collective enterprise in a creative way. It is impossible to achieve the aims of an organisation without ambition, magnanimity, humility, prudence, responsibility and courage. This group of intangible elements are virtues. This article explores the process of decision-making in the light of Aristotelian ethics, in particular his work _Nicomachean Ethics_. Making decisions is a common task on the managerial agenda. The decisions of a manager affect individuals, the future of the organisation and, of course, they have consequences for the organisation and its surroundings. Aristotle dedicates Book III of the work in question to studying the art of deliberation and examining which virtues must be taken into account when reaching the best decision. Aristotle tells us that we deliberate about things that are within our power and can be done. There can be no deliberation upon exact and sufficient knowledge; however, we deliberate upon the things that are brought about by our own efforts, although not always in the same way. Leading an organisation is not a mechanical matter, but rather a process that requires creativity and responsibility. There are many different ways of doing it. Following the Aristotelian doctrine, this article aims to examine the elements that must be taken into consideration for correct decisions to be made. The following virtues play a fundamental role in this process: prudence, fortitude, justice and temperance, referred to below as called cardinal virtues. (shrink)

Nietzsche's reflections on German education and culture of his time arise in the context in which he, as a teacher, is directly involved with these issues. They can be found especially in two works from this period: nas Anti-Education: On the Future of Our Educational Institutions, de 1872, e na Schopenhauer as Educator, de 1874. In these texts, we are interested in identifying the criticisms that Nietzsche makes to the education of his time and to analyze his “educational proposal” in (...) which education, life and culture are closely linked to the point of promoting an authentic culture. (shrink)

En el presente artículo utilizamos el concepto de filosofía formalizada de Hansson, así como las categorías de idealización simplificada y perfeccionista que se le asocian, con el fin de proponer un metaanálisis de tres enfoques teóricos de la argumentación, a saber, la pragmadialéctica de van Eemeren y Grootendorst, los esquemas argumentativos de Walton y el enfoque conversacional de Jacobs y Jackson, en relación con el tratamiento de las falacias como un tipo de trasgresión de reglas pragmáticas. Concluimos que mientras las (...) dos primeras están ancladas en una concepción centralizada de lo falaz, la tercera abandona toda posibilidad de normatividad. (shrink)

En la intersección entre la ética aplicada y los estudios sobre divulgación científica en los medios, este trabajo propone un concepto de «cultura bioética» y lo aplica a la exitosa serie de televisión House. Nuestro análisis de la serie muestra la relación existente entre la tensión entre autonomía del paciente y paternalismo médico presente en la teoría bioética y la práctica asistencial, por un lado, con el debate abierto en filosofía de la medicina entre posiciones naturalistas y normativistas sobre los (...) conceptos de salud y enfermedad, por el otro. Se propone también una ampliación del concepto de autonomía que permita avanzar en la resolución de esta tensión, tanto a nivel teórico como práctico. (shrink)

Timpson’s deflationary view of information is an innovative and well articulated view that had a great impact on the philosophy of physics community. However, recently some of the arguments supporting the deflationist view have been critically reviewed. The aim of this paper is to retain the general idea behind Timpson’s proposal, but replacing the conflictive elements used to support his thesis with new argumentative resources based on the notion of manipulability.

Recent developments in the Arab world reopen one of the most fertile debate topics in international relations theory: the universal nature of the concept “fundamental human rights” and their content. The perspectives are different, being influenced by an ideological background, especially theological, apparently contradictory, affecting the positions of major international actors, stimulating the revival of controversies on major differences between Western world and the developing societies. Through a balanced analysis, specific to critical postmodernism, of the way each civilization (according to (...) Samuel Huntington) relates to the human being and to its place within its own legal architecture, one can notice that, beyond any differences, joint elements can be identified for further integration into a common fundamental text conferring the consensual universality indispensable to such an important principle. (shrink)

Para gran parte de la crítica literaria chilena, como para el público lector en general, es elocuente la persistencia del imaginario dictatorial en la narrativa chilena de estas primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI. A pesar de que han transcurrido veinticinco años desde que se reconquistó la democracia, dicho imaginario parece seguir fortaleciéndose y reactualizándose. Esta situación adquiere particular importancia al tener en cuenta un corpus narrativo publicado entre el 2000 y 2014, conformado por escritores nacidos entre 1970 y 1990. (...) Se está ante una producción literaria que ha sido definida como “novela de los hijos”, entendiendo por ello una novela escrita por los hijos de quienes fueron víctimas directas de la dictadura, una narrativa donde se articulan de otra manera los temas de la memoria, el duelo y el trauma. (shrink)

Regenerative agriculture refers to a suite of principles, practices, or outcomes which seek to improve soil health, biodiversity, climate, ecosystem function, and socioeconomic outcomes. However, recent reviews highlight wide heterogeneity in how it is defined. This impedes our ability to understand what regenerative agriculture is and has left the movement open to strategic repurposing by diverse stakeholders. Furthermore, the conceptual franchising of the regenerative agriculture debate by Western culture has omitted discussions surrounding social justice, relational values, and the contribution of (...) Indigenous and local knowledge that does not align with Western-centric producer-consumer frameworks. This is a continuation of injustice by creating barriers to representation and participation, and its confrontation will ultimately be necessary for regenerative agriculture to achieve its transformative potential. This article demonstrates that the farming techniques associated with the regenerative agriculture movement today have been practiced for centuries, and in some cases millennia, by Indigenous and local communities around the world. We propose that current Western academic attempts to define regenerative agriculture have resulted in long lists of practices, principles, and outcomes which fall short of describing the whole, because they lack the relational values component that is so integral to these Indigenous and local knowledge systems. We take an urgently needed, Indigenous-informed approach to defining regenerative agriculture, which confronts current epistemic injustice and prioritizes sociocultural and relational values. Finally, we propose an anti-colonial definition that draws on diverse knowledge systems including Indigenous ecophilosophies and published scientific analyses. (shrink)

Coherence is today a source of moral authority. Being coherent frees us from external influences and gives us the capacity to decide for ourselves, but also places us in a privileged position with regard to others. We will turn our attention now to coherence as a foundation of authority in organisations. And to do that, organisations must be divided into different levels and different dimensions. Coherence will only be possible when the worker is capable of weighing up the distance between (...) the organisation's specific vision and the operational processes that effectively take place within it. All companies, as a sum of possibilities, respond to the intention of those who govern them insofar as their assets permit it, and their ultimate value resides therein; the possibility of being recognised for their way of being, their corporate ethos. (shrink)

Contemporary discussion about the ontology of society identifies two groups of perspectives. One of them, associated with Searle, includes rules in the inventory of elements that constitute social reality. The other one, associated with Smit, Buekens, and du Plessis, claims that rules can be reduced to more fundamental units. Despite the fact that both perspectives seem equally efficient in describing institutional phenomena, we identify both flaws in the viewpoint that dismisses rules and reasons to prefer the alternative position.

En este artículo se ofrecerán tres razones a fin de defender una fraternidad política con los animales. La primera comprenderá a los animales como miembros de la misma clase social oprimida que los humanos durante el desarrollo capitalista. La segunda analizará el concepto de ciudadanía matizando su rasgo de participación política y resaltando el rasgo de compartir un espacio común. La tercera introducirá el dinamismo orgánico y ecológico en el espacio de convivencia. Finalmente, mediante una relativización del concepto de vulnerabilidad, (...) se concluirá que nuestra relación política con los animales no ha de ser siempre paternalista, hospitalaria o solidaria, sino también fraternal. (shrink)

Una forma determinante en la actualidad de fijar y difundir la memoria ocurre a través de las representaciones mediáticas. Las representaciones son formaciones culturales sintéticas, abstracciones complejas que actúan bajo opciones determinadas. La recogida y selección de objetos y sus imágenes, habitualmente desechados a lo que se considera la memoria, establecen los mecanismos desde los cuales se elabora la concreción de las representaciones. Por detrás del lastre sobre el cual reposa lo efímero de aquellas producciones culturales abarcadas por el neologismo (...) cada día más reiterado de "mediáticas", pervive algo que les allana en un sustrato de larga duración común a varias épocas. El artículo reflexiona acerca de los presupuestos por los cuales las representaciones mediáticas obran por fijar la memoria y traerla a nuestra presencia bajo soportes tecnológicos.Media representations are presently a determinant form in fixing and promoting memory in modern times. These representations are synthetic cultural formations, complex abstractions which function under pre-determined options. The search for and selection of objects and their images, usually forgotten by memory, establish the mechanisms from which the fixation of representations is undertaken. Behind the garbage on which ephemeral aspects of cultural productions are undertaken by neologisms which are more reiterated in the media, something survives that places them in a long duration substratum common to many moments. This article reflects on the presuppositions under which media representations work to fix themselves in the memory and revive them in the present by use of technological support. (shrink)

Encontramos em escritos de juventude póstumos de Nietzsche uma reflexáo sobre a formaçáo da linguagem, sobre a formaçáo do pensamento. Segundo o jovem filósofo-filólogo, o pensamento racional, lógico, dedutivo, surge a partir de imagens, metáforas, metonímias. Todo discurso reconhecido como “científico” parte da imaginaçáo, que é uma atividade poética, artística e ilógica.

Douze ans après la création de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en traditions juridiques et rationalité pénale, ce livre rédigé par des chercheurs associés à cette chaire se veut un hommage à son titulaire, le professeur Alvaro Pires. L’ouvrage fait état des plus récentes recherches empiriques et réflexions théoriques liées au concept de « rationalité pénale moderne ». La RPM fournit une grille d’analyse pour l’observation et la description du droit criminel moderne et permet de soulever des questions pertinentes (...) sur la criminologie et la sociologie du droit criminel. Les points abordés touchent notamment au renouvellement du débat sur la torture, à l’influence de l’opinion publique sur le rendement de la justice, à la reconnaissance des droits de l’homme dans le droit criminel et à la représentation des juges et des politiciens dans les processus de détermination des peines et d’élaboration du droit pénal. Au-delà des spécificités de chacune des contributions, un thème général ressort de l’ensemble de l’ouvrage : celui de la transformation du droit criminel moderne. Ainsi, à l’aube du XXIe siècle et dans le cadre des sociétés dites « modernes », l’évolution d’un système social – qui valorise l’idéal de justice à travers des valeurs négatives telles que l’enfermement, la distribution de la souffrance et la production de l’exclusion sociale – demeure au centre de la réflexion. L’ouvrage cerne les obstacles cognitifs qui nuisent à l’évolution du droit criminel et à l’émergence d’idées innovantes susceptibles de soutenir et de motiver des pratiques alternatives. (shrink)

A formação docente brasileira foi marcada por interlocuções epistêmicas, mudanças e transformações estruturais e conjunturais, atreladas aos âmbitos sociais, culturais, econômicos, jurídicos e políticos, influenciando e configurando as dimensões do ser professor. Sua configuração, como um ser social, permite a transposição dicotômica entre conhecimentos científicos e senso comum, possibilitando reflexões a uma análise conjuntural acerca da realidade posta, efetivando a essencialidade do processo formativo elucidada a partir do rompimento alienado efetivado por meio dos princípios ideológicos que regem, fragilizam e fragmentam (...) essa formação. Propomos analisar evidências delineadas na Resolução CNE n. 6/2018, acerca da implementação nacional de políticas institucionalizadas neoliberais para formação docente em Educação Física. Para tal feito, nos ancoramos em características investigativo-descritivas com pressupostos de análise de conteúdo e documental, sustentados pelo subentendimento da teoria da alienação trazidas por Konder. Diante das análises, destacam-se indicadores dos ideários neoliberais, transcritos por meio de orientações com vistas à formação docente para atuação no mundo do trabalho. A partir das orientações normatizadas em prol de um processo formativo com competências e habilidades, delineadas nos indicadores destinados à “área de estudo e pesquisa”; “área de conhecimento específico para educação”, “atividade acadêmica para prática pedagógica”; e “componente curricular”, evidenciando os pressupostos de uma formação sistêmica e linear, subscrevendo a formação humana do futuro professor a determinados interesses e com viés que diverge dos pressupostos educacionais, suscitando uma possibilidade de alienação, induzindo à formação docente por meio de uma ideologia prescrita subliminarmente, à qual o profissional em formação será submetido, dificultando, por vezes, a construção de um conhecimento que propicie sua emancipação de forma crítica e reflexiva acerca da realidade social. Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Formação docente. Neoliberalismo. Alienação. (shrink)

Encontramos em escritos de juventude póstumos de Nietzsche uma reflexáo sobre a formaçáo da linguagem, sobre a formaçáo do pensamento. Segundo o jovem filósofo-filólogo, o pensamento racional, lógico, dedutivo, surge a partir de imagens, metáforas, metonímias. Todo discurso reconhecido como “científico” parte da imaginaçáo, que é uma atividade poética, artística e ilógica.

Este breve ensaio tem como objetivo apresentar, em linhas gerais, alguns aspectos da critica de Nietzsche à nocáo de verdade. Partindo do principio de que a raz áo n áo é uma fiel representaç áo do estatuto ontologico, ja que o pensamento racional é uma instancia que nasce das relaç áo es de forcas instintivas, para Nietzsche a racionalidade n áo descobre a verdade, ela inventa uma: a sua verdade. Assim sendo, por mais que ofereca demonstraçoes logicas, a raz áo (...) náo é capaz de sustentar uma verdade universal, mesmo porque como poderia uma coisa ser sustentada por ela propria? (shrink)