This paper reports a case study on a family of American English constructions that will be called the family of approximate comparison constructions. This family has three members, all of which follow the syntactic pattern about as X as Y with X being an adjective, but which allow three related functions: literal comparison, simile and irony. Two cognitive frameworks concern themselves with irony, the cognitive modelling approach and viewpoint approach, and the paper will show that, while the ironic approximate comparison (...) construction calls central assumptions of the cognitive modelling approach to question, the viewpoint account can be refined to handle these cases. In doing so, it furthers our understanding of the cognitive underpinning of irony. The paper provides a corpus-based analysis on the Y slot as well as collostructional analyses on the adjectival X slot in the family of approximate comparison constructions. The results thereof suggest that the ironic approximate comparison construction, in comparison to its literal counterpart, prefers adjectives that convey positively connotated, nuanced attitudes and is formally less variable in the Y slot. The preference for particular adjectives lends further support to the assumption that hearers understand the construction as ironic or literal before speakers complete their utterance. Given that, it is argued that the ironic approximate comparison construction communicates an inherent viewpoint. (shrink)

El avance de los estudios sobre filosofías socráticas ha permitido una vuelta renovada al examen de pasajes intertextuales en el corpus platónico. El presente trabajo explora pasaje del sueño de Teeteto, 201c ss. y sus vínculos con la filosofía antisténica. En primer lugar, analiza las características de esta obra en el contexto del diálogo socrático. En segundo lugar, traza las coordenadas exegéticas del pasaje del sueño, y finalmente, ofrece una interpretación de la filosofía antisténica que revela contactos relevantes con el (...) planteo platónico. Por esta vía, se despliega una hipótesis sobre el sentido general del diálogo y su modo de comprender el fenómeno del conocimiento. (shrink)

This study offers syntactic and semantic evidence that there are three types of locative modifiers within the verbal domain that differ with respect to their syntactic base position and interpretation. Two of them are subject to semantic indeterminacy, thereby leading to multiple utterance meanings. The study aims at showing that the full range of interpretations can be derived within a rigid account of lexical and compositional semantics. Locative modifiers are invariably treated as first-order predicates adding a locative constraint. All semantic (...) differences originate from the structural environment they are embedded in and the pragmatic resolution of semantic indeterminacy. The syntactic distribution of locative modifiers is shown to be derivable from interface conditions. (shrink)

Defeasibility, most generally speaking, means that given some set of conditions A, something else B will hold, unless or until defeating conditions C apply. While the term was introduced into philosophy by legal philosopher H.L.A. Hart in 1949, today, the concept of defeasibility is employed in many different areas of philosophy. This volume for the first time brings together contributions on defeasibility from epistemology , legal philosophy and ethics and the philosophy of action . The volume ends with an extensive (...) bibliography. (shrink)

Resumen Platón proyecta en la República un programa cultural que supone la redefinición del papel de la poesía tradicional en razón de su asociación con los regímenes democrático y tiránico. Esto, según pretendo mostrar, puede vincularse de manera legítima con la polémica anticirenaica de Platón contra Aristipo. Para ello, por un lado, exploraré los rasgos del biotipo tiránico y su régimen concomitante en la República VIII-IX y, por otro, analizaré sus vínculos con los planteamientos anticirenaicos en el Gorgias. Este examen (...) permitirá ofrecer claves de análisis para dos pasajes muy discutidos de la República IX: el símil del ascensor y el número del tirano, que cobran una nueva luz a partir de la consideración de esta polémica intrasocrática.Plato put forward in Republic a cultural program which implies the redefinition of the role of traditional poetry due to its association with the democratic and tyrannical regimes. I intend to show that this point is connected with the anti-cyrenaic arguments that Plato raises against Aristippus. On the one hand, I will study the features of the tyrannical biotype and its correspondent regime in Republic VIII-IX, and, on the other, I will analyze its links with the anti-cyrenaic arguments in Gorgias. This exam will allow us to offer some clues to better understand two widely debated passages in Republic IX: the analogy of the lift and the tyrant’s number. Both acquire a new perspective when this intra-socratic polemic is taken into account. (shrink)

A. Tarski [22] proposed the study of infinitary consequence operations as the central topic of mathematical logic. He considered monotonicity to be a property of all such operations. In this paper, we weaken the monotonicity requirement and consider more general operations, inference operations. These operations describe the nonmonotonic logics both humans and machines seem to be using when infering defeasible information from incomplete knowledge. We single out a number of interesting families of inference operations. This study of infinitary inference operations (...) is inspired by the results of [12] on nonmonotonic inference relations, and relies on some of the definitions found there. (shrink)

It has been argued that organizational structures (the way tasks are defined, allocated, and coordinated) can influence moral agency in organizations. In particular, low values on different structural parameters (functional concentration, specialization, separation, and formalization) are said to foster an organizational context (allowing for relating to the goals and output of the organization, moral deliberation, and social connectedness) that is conducive to moral agency. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the organizational structure and moral agency in the case (...) of a.s.r. (a large Dutch insurance company). While our empirical results fit the thesis that low values on structural parameters positively relate to moral agency, they also refine our understanding of the influence of structural parameters. In particular, our data suggest that the influence of functional concentration not only depends on whether it is low, but also on the type of criterion used for identifying business units; they suggest that the specific organizational context may put a limit to lowering design parameters and points at several non-structural factors that have an influence on the relation between structure and moral agency. In all, the paper contributes to a more detailed understanding of the conditions conducive to moral agency in organizations. (shrink)

Refutaciones Sofísticas ha sido usualmente interpretado como un intento de clasificación de sofismas. Este acercamiento, sin embargo, corre el riesgo de oscurecer la dimensión de sus propias intenciones confrontativas. El presente trabajo se propone enfatizar la importancia de las Refutaciones Sofísticas como parte de un programa antierístico que tiene por objetivo prioritario la filosofía megárica, en las antípodas de Aristóteles en el terreno epistemológico. Bajo esta luz, la resolución de argumentos erísticos excede el estudio lógico así como también la denuncia (...) sobre sus efectos prácticos y se erige como parte de una discusión entre líneas de inspiración socrática sobre los alcances y fines de la dialéctica y la filosofía en general. (shrink)

This book explores the possibility that Friedrich Nietzsche simulated his madness as a form of "voluntary death," and thus that his madness functioned as the symbolic culmination of his philosophy.

The testimonies of Stilpo of Megara show an anti-Platonic position within the megaric program against fundationists attempts. This paper studies a particular point of this deployment. We will review the origin of the views that locate thruth on the onomastic or on the predicative level. This initial survey will provide the basis for the study of the paradoxes of the nomination, an element Stilpo used as a tool to challenge the theory of Forms, and the analysis of the aporias of (...) predication, through which he rejects the combination of parts of the sentence in order to represent reality. The figure of Stilpo reveals the dialogical context in which ancient philosophies developed and, at the same time, displays ways of thinking the relationship between language and reality often forgotten. (shrink)

La historia del movimiento feminista chileno demuestra que independiente de la permanencia de condiciones de desigualdad de género en el tiempo, la acción colectiva emerge como producto de la apertura de estructura de oportunidades y de la agencia de un grupo articulado de activistas. Los movimientos de mujeres en Chile han surgido en el marco de estas condiciones, disolviéndose luego de la consecución del propósito unificador. En este trabajo planteamos que la estructura de oportunidades para la acción feminista se ha (...) abierto bajo la administración Bachelet, pero que la política de la representación característica de los movimientos históricos no es la única -ni la más efectiva- alternativa para avanzar demandas de género. Un análisis de la fragmentación de los movimientos de mujeres post-dictadura indica la necesidad de atender al problema que plantea para los movimientos sociales el forjamiento de una identidad que represente al grupo. En este trabajo sostenemos que una política de representación debe dar paso a una política de coalición, no sólo por sus posibilidades democráticas, sino que también porque en el nuevo marco socio-cultural, la conformación de coaliciones en torno a demandas de género es la vía más efectiva hacia la transformación del orden de género. (shrink)

Este artículo explora las transformaciones experimentadas en los patrones y composición de la migración contemporánea ligadas a emergentes cambios económicos mundiales. Plantea que la alta participación de mujeres en la migración mundial está relacionada con la demanda en empleos precarios, principalmente en servicios, y que el destino migratorio está relacionado con el género del migrante, lo que contribuye a explicar la feminización de los flujos sur-sur. Se argumenta que las condiciones de vulnerabilidad económica de los migrantes laborales, y sus características (...) de género y origen nacional, determinan procesos de exclusión social en la sociedad de llegada, con consecuencias en su acceso a beneficios sociales, procesos de integración, y trayectorias de vida. (shrink)

The present study aimed to analyze the stability of the memory of a stressful event (medical examination within a hospital setting) over time in young people (age range 12 to 21, Mage = 15.11 years old, SD = 3.047) with mild or moderate intellectual disability (IQ = 54.32, SD = 13.47). The results show a stability of the memory of what happened an hour and a week after the event in relation to the people involved, the apparatus used, and the (...) parts of the body explored. No interaction effects were found between the stability of memory over time and the level of intellectual disability. The level of disability (mild or moderate) only affected the description of the doctor who performed the exploration and the explored parts of the body, showing better results for people with mild disability. In addition, the results highlight the relationship between memory and IQ, especially verbal IQ. (shrink)

Resumen Este trabajo releva la importancia del planteo acerca de la intersubjetividad y la empatía en el diálogo platónico Alcibíades I con el propósito de mostrar su relevancia para la comprensión del decurso de las ideas antropológicas antiguas y su valor como estudio de caso sobre el diálogo entre ideas filosóficas de distintos momentos históricos. Con esa finalidad, se examina la definición de ser humano y el símil de la mirada en su estructura argumental y se los pone en conexión (...) con los desarrollos contemporáneos de cuño fenomenológico acerca de la intersubjetividad y la empatía para iluminar este problema y mostrar la potencia del estudio de los diálogos interepocales como elemento primario de la lógica filosófica.This work highlights the significance of the study on intersubjectivity and empathy in the platonic Alcibiades I to show its relevance for the understanding of the development of ancient anthropology and its value as a case study on the dialogue between philosophical ideas from different historical moments. For this purpose, we will examine the definition of the human being and the analogy of the sight, and we will connect this approaches with contemporary phenomenological views about intersubjectivity and empathy in order to explore this issue and to reveal the power of inter-epochal dialogue as a primary element of the internal logic of philosophy. (shrink)

The new book of Francesca Pentassuglio on Aeschines has come to fill an essential vacuum. The studies on Socratic philosophies have an interesting history that combines moments of great recognition with others of almost total disrepair. They were prominent in Antiquity and constituted a space where many lines were connected and enhanced the quantity and quality of the philosophical dialogue. Nothing at that time could make us suspect their subsequent fate and the development of an enormous di...

Resumen Este trabajo parte del fenómeno de constitución del diálogo socrático como formato discursivo para avanzar en la caracterización del modo en que varios representantes de este movimiento comprenden los límites del lenguaje, su poeticidad y su capacidad para representar lo real. La critica homérica en Antístenes y de los desarrollos sobre erótica en Esquines ofrecen un contexto interesante para sopesar los desarrollos platónicos y estudiar, en el contexto de conformación de la filosofía como género autónomo, la importancia y alcances (...) de las teorizaciones acerca de la poeticidad y la potencia epistémica del lenguaje.This paper studies the formation of the Socratic dialogues discourse in order to characterize the way in which several representatives of this movement understand the limits of language, its poetic character and its capability to represent reality. Homeric criticism in Antisthenes and Erotics studies in Aeschines offer an interesting context to measure Platonic works and to study the importance and scope of the theories about the poetic character and epistemic power of language in the context in which Philosophy was formed as an autonomous genre. (shrink)