This paper tryes understand the state of mind originated by the tension produced by the contardictions of an old society of contrasts an the obsolescence of the structures created by the conquest in the rural areas of the Andes. We also have tryed to relate the colonial peace in the XVIIth century the great crisis of the XVIIlth century which could be considered as the prologue of the independence.

Au moyen de dossiers traités par les tribunaux ecclésiastiques de Lima et Quito, cet article cherche à débusquer les ruses employées pour contourner les règles non écrites de la hiérarchisation socio-raciale de la colonie. Il montre aussi les systèmes de défense des personnes citées à comparaître. Au-delà de schémas somme toute assez répandus dans bien des situations coloniales, on voit apparaître dans la pratique une certaine flexibilité quant à ces règles, les plaignants plaidant souvent la tromperie alors qu’ils semblent bien (...) n’avoir été nullement dupes de l’engagement qu’ils avaient pris avec des personnes situées plus bas qu’eux dans la palette ethnique. (shrink)

L’auteur examine la définition de la personne chez John Locke à laquelle se réfère un nombre croissant de philosophes en bioéthique. L’auteur se concentre sur une lecture précise et critique du célèbre passage lockéen qui opère un transfert de la définition de la personne d’un plan substantiel à celui juridique et moral . Il développe les contradictions logiques internes à la définition de la personne comme conscience de soi et conscience morale chez le philosophe anglais, notamment le besoin de réinsérer (...) la corporéité dans sa définition afin de transcender le subjectivisme, comme du critère de souvenir authentique qui le différencie du pseudo-souvenir, du statut de l’être humain qui serait ivre ou qui n’exercerait plus de manière irréversible la conscience de soi en lien avec la théorie des intérêts. L’auteur conclut par une réflexion critique sur les conséquences éthiques contemporaines de la définition lockéenne de la personne performante. (shrink)

Le 31 mars 2005 décédait à l’âge de 41 ans Theresa Marie Schiavo. Elle était dans le coma depuis le 25 février 1990. La demande de son mari de cesser l’alimentation et l’hydratation artificielles provoqua un débat public sans précédent et une longue saga judiciaire au terme de laquelle la Cour acquiesça à sa demande. La doctrine catholique à propos des questions de fin de vie fit l’objet d’une discussion virulente. C’est dans ce contexte que cet article analyse la discussion (...) théologique américaine et les interventions romaines récentes à propos de l’alimentation et l’hydratation artificielles des patients en état végétatif permanent. (shrink)

For Louis Lavelle who wanted to write De la sagesse as a crowning of his work, the question of wisdom stands in the very centre of philosophy. The wise questions the meaning of existence. Thanks to wisdom, man, a free and temporal being, chooses the possible realities that bring him closer to Being. Wisdom in Lavelle’s sense is a wisdom of love, of mind and of being. The friend of wisdom, a man of reason and interiority, discovers in love the (...) summit and the essence of values. Lavelle’s thought on wisdom, gravitating around the notion of mind, brings together biblical, spiritual, mystic sources and purely philosophical sources. Both theoretical and practical, cultivating a Greek ideal of moderation and measure, wisdom aspires to the light of presence. (shrink)

Il s’agit de mettre en regard les domaines à la fois proches et différents de la poésie, de la philosophie et de la mystique, en conjuguant démarche diachronique et synchronique. Après avoir exploré les sources grecques et patristiques, l’analyse essaie de montrer, à partir d’auteurs comme Jean de la Croix, Pascal, Péguy, R. Tagore…, comment la philosophie s’approfondit à la rencontre de la poésie, comment la poésie s’élève à la rencontre de la pensée. Réunies l’une à l’autre par l’esprit, philosophie (...) et poésie s’accomplissent dans la mystique. La fidélité au mystère incline la pensée vers le poème et le poème vers la sagesse. The attempt is made here to confront the fields at once close and different of poetry, philosophy and mysticism, joining together a diachronic and a synchronic approach. Having explored Greek and Patristic sources, the analysis tries to show, starting from authors such as John of the Cross, Pascal, Péguy, R. Tagore…, how philosophy acquires greater depth through contact with poetry, and how poetry reaches in turn greater heights thanks to its contact with thought. Brought together by spirit, philosophy and poetry culminate in mysticism. Faithfulness to mystery draws thought to the poem and the poem to wisdom. (shrink)

L’auteur traite de la question fondamentale qui est une personne et, plus spécifiquement, si tous les êtres humains sont des personnes ou s’il existe des êtres humains qui ne seraient pas des personnes et qui n’auraient donc pas les mêmes droits à la vie que celles-ci. Certains philosophes, tels que Peter Singer, Michael Tooley et Tristram Engelhardt, se sont proposés de résoudre bon nombre des délicats problèmes bioéthiques contemporains en distinguant, d’une part, la vie humaine biologique, propre à l’être humain (...) et, d’autre part, la vie humaine personnelle, qui est celle de la personne à laquelle est octroyé un droit à la vie. L’auteur soutient que tout être humain est fondamentalement une personne. The author discusses the fundamental question who is a person and more specifically if every human being is a person or if there exists some human beings who are not persons and who do not have the same rights to life as the human being. In an attempt to resolve a good number of delicate bioethical problems some philosophers, such as Peter Singer, Michael Tooley et Tristram Engelhardt, propose to distinguish between human biological life, belonging to all human beings, and human personal life, which belongs to a person to whom is accorded the right to life. The author maintains that every human being is fundamentally a person. (shrink)

Theologian Erik Peterson’s thesis concerning the rupture of Christian theology away from the Greek and Roman pagan theologico-political problem and from Israel’s monotheism is well-founded theologically but historically problematic. This paper offers a critical analysis of this situation by exposing specifically Christian concepts for a political theology. These concepts have determined the permanence and flexibility of political theology since Constantine’s Empire up to contemporary liberal democracies.

Ce texte a déjà paru dans ÉTUDES/INUIT/STUDIES, 24, no 2, 2000, p. 89-113. Québec : Département d'anthropologie de l'Université Laval. Nous remercions Bernard Saladin d'Anglure de nous avoir autorisé à le reproduire ici. Résumé : Les rites inuit de la première fois, qui célèbrent les premières performances effectuées par les enfants et les adolescents inuit, ont été souvent mentionnés par les ethnographes de l'Arctique mais jamais véritablement analysés comme « séquence cérémonielle », pour - Anthropologie.

Pope Francis’s decision to establish a Commission for the Study of the Diaconate of Women in August 2016 reemphasizes the question : what do we know about women deacons? We know they existed. There is ample literary, epigraphical, and historical evidence that women deacons ministered in the West at least to the 12th century, and longer in the East. That they existed presents three questions : What do we know about the liturgical ceremonies bishops used to create women deacons? What (...) do we know about their tasks and duties? What do we know about the theology of the diaconate that would admit or restrict women from diaconal ordination? (shrink)

We tend to suppose that the ancient Greeks had primitive ideas of the self, of responsibility, freedom, and shame, and that now humanity has advanced from these to a more refined moral consciousness. Bernard Williams's original and radical book questions this picture of Western history. While we are in many ways different from the Greeks, Williams claims that the differences are not to be traced to a shift in these basic conceptions of ethical life. We are more like the (...) ancients than we are prepared to acknowledge, and only when this is understood can we properly grasp our most important differences from them, such as our rejection of slavery. The author is a philosopher, but much of his book is directed to writers such as Homer and the tragedians, whom he discusses as poets and not just as materials for philosophy. At the center of his study is the question of how we can understand Greek tragedy at all, when its world is so far from ours. Williams explains how it is that when the ancients speak, they do not merely tell us about themselves, but about ourselves. _Shame and Necessity_ gives a new account of our relations to the Greeks, and helps us to see what ethical ideas we need in order to live in the modern world. (shrink)

Bernard Williams's remarkable essay on morality confronts the problems of writing moral philosophy, and offers a stimulating alternative to more systematic accounts which seem nevertheless to have left all the important issues somewhere off the page. Williams explains, analyses and distinguishes a number of key positions, from the purely amoral to notions of subjective or relative morality, testing their coherence before going on to explore the nature of 'goodness' in relation to responsibilities and choice, roles, standards, and human nature. (...) The final chapters make a fascinating enquiry into what morality is about, looking beyond happiness to other human aims and ideals. This re-issue of a classic in moral philosophy includes a new foreword by the author. (shrink)

This new volume of philosophical papers by Bernard Williams is divided into three sections: the first Action, Freedom, Responsibility, the second Philosophy, Evolution and the Human Sciences; in which appears the essay which gives the collection its title; and the third Ethics, which contains essays closely related to his 1983 book Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. Like the two earlier volumes of Williams's papers published by Cambridge University Press, Problems of the Self and Moral Luck, this volume will (...) be welcomed by all readers with a serious interest in philosophy. It is published alongside a volume of essays on Williams's work, World, Mind, and Ethics: Essays on the Ethical Philosophy of Bernard Williams, edited by J. E. J. Altham and Ross Harrison, which provides a reappraisal of his work by other distinguished thinkers in the field. (shrink)

Bernard Williams; XIV*—The Truth in Relativism, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 75, Issue 1, 1 June 1975, Pages 215–228, https://doi.org/10.1093.