En Algérie, la nouvelle loi sur les hydrocarbures autorise l’exploitation des hydrocarbures non conventionnels, incluant le gaz de schiste, dont les réserves ont récemment été réévaluées à la hausse. Ces rebondissements ont suscité autant l’intérêt que l’inquiétude de l’opinion publique. Très sommairement, le débat est perçu comme opposant les « pour » l’exploitation qui mettent en avant des gains économiques aux « contre », écologistes s’opposant à la fracturation hydraulique. Cette dualité ne rend pas justice à la complexité (...) de la controverse. Le but de ce travail est donc de percevoir clairement les enjeux liés à la controverse en mettant de l’avant la complexité et la variété des argumentaires présentés à travers une cartographie de la controverse. Nous souhaitons, par la même occasion, démontrer qu’une bonne compréhension des dynamiques et des processus de conflits exprimés par la controverse est nécessaire et décisive pour le processus d’acceptabilité sociale. (shrink)

L’énergie est essentielle pour le développement socioéconomique et la stabilité de chaque pays. Les changements et les défis auxquels fait face le secteur de l’énergie augmentent l’importance de l’acceptation sociale. Elle est essentielle pour la conception, la conduite et l’exploitation des projets énergétiques. Cet article vise à montrer l’importance de l’acceptabilité sociale, y compris dynamiquement, dans un contexte plus large : géographique, historique, culturel et institutionnel. À cet effet, l’auteure étudie le cas de l’extraction de gaz de schiste en Pologne (...) et présente l’opposition active à cette industrie dans la partie sud-est du pays. Elle tente, en outre, d’indiquer que les conditions sociales et économiques contemporaines mettent davantage l’accent sur le modèle démocratique de développement de l’énergie. L’exemple de la production de gaz de schiste en Pologne montre que l’acceptation sociale est un processus unidirectionnel, dans lequel les parties prenantes acceptent ou rejettent le projet, et où les questions énergétiques ne peuvent être considérées comme un manque de compréhension pour les spécificités, les traditions et le patrimoine d’une région. (shrink)

Abstract: How it is that one's own thoughts can seem to be someone else's? After noting some common missteps of other approaches to this puzzle, I develop a novel cognitive solution, drawing on and critiquing theories that understand inserted thoughts and auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia as stemming from mismatches between predicted and actual sensory feedback. Considerable attention is paid to forging links between the first-person phenomenology of thought insertion and the posits (e.g. efference copy, corollary discharge) of current cognitive (...) theories. I show how deficits in the subconscious mechanisms regulating inner speech may lead to a 'fractured phenomenology' responsible for schizophrenic patients' reports of inserted thoughts and auditory verbal hallucinations. Supporting work on virtual environments is discussed, and lessons concerning the fixity of delusional belief are drawn. (shrink)

The Fractured Self in Freud and German Philosophy examines Freud's transformation of German philosophical approaches to freedom, history, and self-knowledge; defends a theory of situated knowledge and agency; and considers the relevance of Freudian thought for contemporary cultural issues.

This brief paper builds on my recently published work on financial capitalism. My objective here is (a) to sketch an account of the primary social features of post-1970s financialised capitalism, (b) to identify select dynamics or mechanisms that have resulted in these features, (c) to outline a programme of research to enhance our explanatory understanding of the ‘fractured society’ via the sociological concepts of structure, culture and agency, and (d) to broach, characterize and assess likely prospects and triggers for the (...) accomplishment of a credible, defensible post-capitalist societal formation. (shrink)

Emissions arising from the production and consumption of food are acknowledged as a major contributor to climate change. From a consumer’s perspective, however, the sustainability of food may have many meanings: it may result from eating less meat, becoming vegetarian, or choosing to buy local or organic food. To explore what food sustainability means to consumers, and what factors lead to changes in food practice, we adopt a sociotechnical approach to compare the food consumption practices in North West England with (...) two differing consumer groups. The first, supermarket shoppers ‘embedded’ in the mainstream food regime; and the second, who self-identify as sustainable food practitioners, and who perform a range of sustainable food consumption practices. We examine how our two groups experience changes in food practices and identify ‘fractures’ stemming from lifecourse and public events that emerge as points where change might occur. We suggest that ‘sharing spaces’ would be one possibility for prompting and nurturing fractures that can lead to greater sustainability in food practices. (shrink)

Cet article traite la problématique du facteur humain dans la société en réseau en mettant en évidence que les TIC sont à la fois créatrices et destructrices de lien social. Il propose une approche de la fracture numérique selon deux niveaux: - un accès inégalitaire à Internet et aux TIC; - des savoirs et savoir-faire insuffisants pour communiquer dans une société désormais régie par la manipulation et les mécanismes de génération de la connaissance. Il prend comme exemple référentiel la génération (...) Internet née de la double médiation technique et sociale caractéristique du lien social engendré par l'usage des TIC. Et, il situe ainsi la véritable origine de la fracture numérique dans les inégalités socio-économiques et culturelles qui existaient pour la plupart avant l'introduction des TIC et la mise en réseau de la société.This paper addresses the problem of the human factor in the network society by highlighting that ICTs are both creative and destructive social links. It proposes an approach to the digital divide in two levels: - unequal access to the Internet and ICT - knowledge and skills sufficient to communicate in a society now governed by the manipulation and generation mechanisms of knowledge. He takes as an example the Internet generation born repository of double mediation technical and social characteristics of social ties generated by the use of ICT. And it is thus the true origin of the digital divide in the socio-economic and cultural existed mostly before the introduction of ICT and networking company. (shrink)

This paper examines the plays of African-American playwright Adrienne Kennedy, Funnyhouse of a Negro (1962) and The Owl Answers (1963), which remain important for their engagement with notions of African-American identity, resistance and agency through their attention to mixed race female characters or mulattos who experience bodily and psychological traumas that demonstrate the abuse of the colonized on a deeply visceral level. Kennedy's plays have remained controversial because of their failure to comply with the nationalistic orientation of the Black Arts (...) Movement (BAM) of 1960s America. I aim to examine these plays through a framework of postcolonial-feminist performance analysis that finds its way back to histories of colonization and slavery, enabling through such returns, a compelling critique of the manoeuvrings of racial hierarchies and power imbalances. As well, I argue that Kennedy's protagonists are de-essentialized fractured beings who fail to embody either White superiority or Black nationalist pride, as they oscillate between two polarities. Such failure (on the part of Kennedy's mulattos) allows for a strategic de-essentialization of identity that interrogates fixed categorization. As well, through a form that is fluid, fragmented and blurs the distinctions among history, memory, space and time, her works impart political agency to the characters and enable an empowered sense of the ‘self-in-process.’. (shrink)

ArgumentThis article explores the scientific partnership between geology professor Gerard De Geer and his wife Ebba Hult following their marriage in 1908. De Geer was an influential participant in Swedish academia and international geology. Hult worked as his assistant until his death in 1943. The partnership was beneficial for both spouses, in particular through the semi-private Geochronological Institute, which they controlled. The article argues that marriage was a culturally acknowledged form of collaboration in the academic community, and as such it (...) offered Hult access to geological research. However, the paper also argues that the gendered scientific institutions produced a fractured position. Partly, Hult managed to create her own role as researcher in geochronology. As a woman and a wife, however, she never moved out of her husband's shadow. Gender is understood as a relational category: Hult was an outsider who participated partially in standardized structures which gave great power to her husband and other men. The fact that she shared this status with other women in Swedish science at the time indicates the structural nature of their position. Nevertheless, they all had individual trajectories through academia. Indeed, the study of collaborative couples illustrates the multifaceted links between individual actions and the historical context of science. (shrink)

: Unity, commonality, and agreement are generally understood to be the basis, or the aim, of community. This paper argues instead that disagreement and fracture are inherent to, and provide the expression of difference within, community. Drawing on the experience of race relations in Australia, this paper proposes that ongoing resis-tance and disagreement by Aboriginal groups against non-Aboriginal law and culture has enabled an unworking of homogenizing and totalizing forces which destroy alterity within community.

Unity, commonality, and agreement are generally understood to be the basis, or the aim, of community. This paper argues instead that disagreement and fracture are inherent to, and provide the expression of difference within, community. Drawing on the experience of race relations in Australia, this paper proposes that ongoing resistance and disagreement by Aboriginal groups against non-Aboriginal law and culture has enabled an unworking of homogenizing and totalizing forces which destroy alterity within community.

Cet ensemble ne cherche pas à gommer par des ponts et des raccords le disparate des préoccupations, l'aléatoire des sollicitations. Il forme toutefois un ouvrage qui a ses obsessions, ses retours, ses insistances. Le cours de l'Histoire et les philosophies qui ont cherché à le comprendre, la place dominante prise aujourd'hui par le discours économique, les quêtes extrêmes de sens, aux limites de la raison, la fidélité à des causes qui ont pu passer pour utopiques, voilà quelques tracés qui se (...) rendent visibles. Quoi de commun entre l'espoir fou d'Antonin Artaud de "guérir la vie" en transgressant les frontières de la rationalité occidentale, et la tentative d'Emmanuel Lévinas de fonder l'éthique sur le visage de l'autre pour subvertir la tyrannie de l'universel et de l'impersonnel? Quoi de commun entre la temporalité anhistorique de l'Islam et l'espoir militant d'une libération des femmes qui ouvre une autre Histoire? Dans le choc des réflexions aux prises avec l'inattendu, dans l'irruption des conjonctures inquiétantes, ces effets de brisures, ces fractures du temps, ne contredisent pourtant pas un souffle d'irréversible, qui confirme ce que les pensées de l'Histoire et leur foi dans l'avenir ont pressenti. J.J.G. (shrink)

Quelle est la pertinence de l'expression «fracture numérique» qui sert à désigner des inégalités entre populations, en prenant en compte le niveau technologique, le taux de connectés, le nombre de machines, les budgets consacrés aux TIC, etc.? S'agit-il d'un concept qui pourrait servir à définir des politiques ou des investissements? En fait, il apparaît que la fracture numérique, tant entre les pays du Sud et les pays du Nord qu'au sein d'un même pays , n'est qu'une transposition d'autres inégalités ou (...) phénomènes d'exclusion, comme le chômage, la précarité, la prolétarisation, etc. Porter sur les équipements et les pratiques liés à l'informatique et aux réseaux un regard exclusif, en les isolant du contexte global économique et social, revient à admettre que le développement des TIC serait indépendant de ces facteurs généraux, qu'il existerait un progrès technologique applicable en tous lieux de la même manière et qu'à travers les TIC, et leur seule implantation, on pourrait remédier aux inégalités et au sous-développement.What is the relevance of the term "digital divide" is used to denote inequalities between populations, taking into account the level of technology, the rate of users, number of machines, ICT budgets, etc..? Is it a concept that could be used to define policies or investments? In fact, it appears that the digital divide, both between the South and the North and within the same country , is a transposition of other inequalities or exclusion phenomena such as unemployment, precariousness, proletarianization, etc.. Wear on equipment and practices related to computer networks and an exclusive look, isolating the overall economic and social context, is to recognize that ICT development is independent of these general factors, that there is an improvement technology applicable everywhere in the same way and that through ICT, and their only implementation could address inequalities and underdevelopment. (shrink)

An investigation of Benjamin’s conception of the subject as fractured via a reading of Benjamin’s use of Freud, this book engages Benjamin’s writing on sovereignty and myth in the Baroque and analyzes these themes in the context of Benjamin’s writing on the 19th century.

A minute ago he’d felt fine, or thought he felt fine, but now the possibility of failure had entered his mind, and the difference between possible failure and inevitable failure felt razor slight.C...

The European Legacy, Volume 17, Issue 3, Page 401-402, June 2012.

L'Histoire occidentale, devenue planétaire, donne aujourd'hui des signes d'épuisement. Elle semble incapable d'imaginer son avenir. Sera-t-il un crépuscule interminable, ou verra-t-il une nouvelle aurore? Depuis longtemps déjà, au-dessus de la " Terre du Soir ", le soleil des grands principes qui firent époque, décline. Sommes-nous sur le point d'entrer dans une longue " nuit du monde ", où seuls nous guideront quelques feux clignotants et nos divers écrans allumés en permanence? Les utopies sur la " fin de l'Histoire " se (...) sont successivement effondrées. -N'est-il pas également utopique d'espérer un " nouveau commencement "? En quel espace une " autre Histoire " se situerait-elle? Par delà celle de l'Etre, qui s'achèverait dans la gigantesque Machinerie technologique ; ou bien, parallèlement à son ultime époque, comme son envers ou son Histoire secrète? Le plus clair de l'interprétation heideggérienne de Nietzsche sert à poser les bases de la " métaphysique achevée ", que régit la " volonté de volonté ". Cette lecture est-elle tenable? Et, bien plus, la métaphysique en son essence est-elle oubliable, achevable? Un tel adieu est-il possible? Si l'on préfère parler ici de " fracture de l'Histoire " c'est que rien de ce qui a fait date de façon essentielle ne s'achève : les brèches de l'Histoire ne se comblent pas, mais se recomposent imperceptiblement, laissant entrevoir de l'extra-historique ou de l'inachevable. Il ne s'agit pourtant pas dans ces essais de simplement " critiquer Heidegger ", mais de réentendre ou de prolonger les questions invieillissables qu'il nous a léguées - afin d'élucider s'il se peut la lente, douloureuse et incertaine mutation de l'époque. (shrink)

The dissertation treats of Paul Natorp's and Martin Heidegger's interpretations of Plato. My goal is twofold: sympathetically to expound each of these interpretations in its own right, and to contrast them against each other as emblematic of the conflict between neo-Kantianism and Phenomenology . The philosophical controversy centers on the relation of thinking and being, a controversy which in this specific context may ultimately be traced back to Kant. Natorp and Heidegger both, for different reasons, return to the Platonic "theory (...) of forms" in order to ground their respective conceptions of thinking and being. Accordingly, I discuss in Chapter One the role of the Platonic forms in Kant's own philosophy. In Chapter Two, I examine the central doctrine of neo-Kantianism and its roots in post-Kantian German philosophy. In Chapter Three, I show how this doctrine is embodied in Natorp's analysis of several of Plato's dialogues. In Chapter Four, I lay out the principal points of Phenomenology's dispute with neo-Kantianism, as well as Heidegger's understanding of that dispute. Finally, in Chapter Five, I show how Heidegger's fundamental ontology is expressed in his interpretations of several key passages of Plato. (shrink)

Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a vast array of chronic disorders across the life span. The asymptotic limit theorems of information and control theories, supplemented by symmetry-breaking phase transition arguments adapted from physical theory, give deep insight into canonical mechanisms of cognition and regulation associated with such dysfunction. The probability models studied here can provide a foundation for the development of statistical tools useful in clinical and public health address of those disorders.