In Culture, Genre, and Literary Vocation, Michael Davitt Bell charts the important and often overlooked connection between literary culture and authors' careers. Bell's influential essays on nineteenth-century American writers—originally written for such landmark projects as The Columbia Literary History of the United States and The Cambridge History of American Literature—are gathered here with a major new essay on Richard Wright. Throughout, Bell revisits issues of genre with an eye toward the unexpected details of authors' lives, and invites us to reconsider (...) the hidden functions that terms such as "romanticism" and "realism" served for authors and their critics. Whether tracing the demands of the market or the expectations of readers, Bell examines the intimate relationship between literary production and culture; each essay closely links the milieu in which American writers worked with the trajectory of their storied careers. (shrink)

Cinema is commonly hailed as "the universal language," but how does it communicate so effortlessly across cultural and linguistic borders? Drawing on a lifetime's worth of viewing an reviewing, influential critic Gilberto Perez invokes a dizzying array of masters past and present includin Chaplin, Ford, Kiarostami, Eisenstein, Malick, Mizoguchi, Haneke, Hitchcock, and Godard--to explore the transaction between filmmaker and audience. The Eloquent Screen shows how cinema, as the consummate contemporary art form, establishes a thoroughly modern rhetoric in which different points (...) of view are brought into clear focus.". (shrink)

Eloquence in Trouble captures the articulation of several troubled lives in Bangladesh as well as the threats to the very genres of their expression, lament in particular. The first ethnography of one of the most spoken mother tongues on earth, Bangla, this study represents a new approach to troubles talk, combining the rigor of discourse analysis with the interpretive depth of psychological anthropology. Its careful transcriptions of Bangladeshi troubles talk will disturb some readers and move others--beyond past academic discussion (...) of personhood in South Asia. (shrink)

A study of the orations of the Roman statesman Cicero. Ingo Gildenhard does not treat them simply as models of eloquence, as previous critics have done, but as repositories for Cicero's most profound thinking on such perennial questions as the ethics of happiness, the notion of conscience, and the problem of divine justice.

In Descartes's philosophy, communicating scientific and philosophical truth does not represent a problem that can be traced back to humanistic “rhetoric”, meant as “the art of persuasion”. Descartes states his belief in the “eloquence” of reason: a clear, precise, and adequately expressed thought cannot fail to “convince” the listener. This is the measure of the distance between the level of truth and the level of opinion. However, the moment of confrontation with the public is also the very moment when (...) the truth of the new knowledge enters into conflict with other, different conceptions. Education and history influence communication with the result that the distinction between intellectual “conviction” and “persuasion” becomes less straightforward. Rational eloquence, as Descartes is well aware, must be articulated in such a way as to avoid any possible language equivocation and to adopt exposition strategies ensuring effective access to readers. The aim of this paper is to illustrate some aspects of this tension as expressed by the writer Descartes with reference to a number of texts (from the Regulae to the Meditationes) that were essential for the elaboration and dissemination of his philosophy. (shrink)

This article focuses on the importance of Hölderlin for Adorno’s comprehension of the art–nature relationship. Adorno’s most detailed discussion of Hölderlin appears in the essay, “Parataxis: On Hölderlin’s Late Poetry.” Adorno has been accused of projecting his own philosophical beliefs on Hölderlin. However, I will show that there is valid support in Hölderlin’s poetry as well as in his philosophical and poetological writings to reinforce Adorno’s claim that Hölderlin’s late poetry is striving to give voice to what is traditionally thought (...) to be art’s opposite: nature. The ability of art to mediate nature, and specifically natural beauty, is also of central importance in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory, and many of the claims of the “Parataxis” essay re-emerge in this later work. (shrink)

This article is an introduction to an ancient Egyptian text called The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant and an argument that it ought to be seen as a classic of political philosophy. After contextualizing the tale as part of a tradition of moral and political philosophy in ancient Egypt, I explore the methods by which the text defines the proper roles of political authority and contrast its approach to justifying political authority with the argument from the state of nature so (...) common in modern Western political philosophy. I claim that the tale's argument from dysfunction anticipates the move in contemporary Western political philosophy towards privileging non-ideal over ideal theory. I discuss challenges in translating the key term in the tale – ma'at – in light of the fact that it can be taken to mean ‘justice’ and/or ‘truth’. Finally, I discuss how the irony at the heart of its narrative can lead us to interpret the tale as having either conservative or revolutionary implications for the political system it depicts. (shrink)

À la rhétorique qui emplissait, naguère encore, les prétoires, a succédé une parole plus directe et plus dépouillée. Il s’agit non seulement d’un style lié à l’époque, celle du déclin des humanités, mais surtout d’une nécessité pratique. Ce qu’on a appelé « l’implosion judiciaire », a contraint les juridictions à juger à un rythme soutenu, qui a eu pour conséquence, de réduire la durée des audiences et donc la place de l’oralité. Pour autant, plaider montre toujours son utilité, non seulement (...) en matière pénale, mais aussi dans les procès civils. On assiste donc à une nouvelle conception de l’éloquence judiciaire, qu’on souhaite aussi persuasive que les discours d’hier : en quelque sorte, moins plaider pour mieux plaider… ce qui suppose en amont, un travail intensif de recherche, de préparation et une grande maîtrise de soi, non seulement intellectuelle, mais aussi physique. (shrink)

Introduction J’ai choisi ce titre à la fois énigmatique et évocateur pour attirer votre attention sur un point très précis à l’intérieur de la relation macroscopique entre le langage et l’expérience dans les deux traditions philosophiques contemporaines, la phénoménologie et la philosophie analytique, lesquelles sont souvent appréhendées comme antinomiques : il s’agira ici de s’interroger sur le langage très particulier que requiert une attitude en première personne ; on verra que cette derni...

A collection of quotations, folktales, parables, and personal stories that illustrate the hidden value and spiritual possibilities of emptiness.

The controversy over Greek pronunciation at Cambridge University in 1542, principally between university chancellor Stephen Gardiner and regius professor of Greek John Cheke, marked the emergence of not only the linguistic but also the political agenda of the mid-Tudor Cambridge humanists. This important group included future statesmen and political thinkers such as William Cecil, later Elizabeth's famous minister, Thomas Smith, author of De republica anglorum, and John Ponet, leading exponent of ‘resistance theory’. In the 1542 Greek controversy Cheke and his (...) allies advocated the restoration of an ancient pronunciation they saw as having been the medium of eloquence in the Athenian republic. Their concepts of language provide a template for their political concepts: both language and political structures are generated by the community, reflective of the community's particular character, susceptible to change and capable of improvement. Throughout their subsequent careers and especially in the reign of Edward VI, when their influence was at its height, these humanists fostered a ‘monarchical republican’ politics; it involved rhetorical persuasion as the main mode of political action, programmes of religious and economic reform, and popular consent as an important factor in the good governance of the commonwealth. (shrink)

This comparative study searches out intersections in the thought of Giambattista Vico and Michael Polanyi by situating their thought in relation to the history of ideas generally and to the rhetorical tradition specifically. The overarching concern of the essay is the relation between knowing and making truth -- or, in rhetorical terms, between wisdom and eloquence.

본 논문은 아우구스티누스의 침묵의 수사학을 탐구하는 데 목적이 있다. 수사학은 “주어진 모든 상황에서 설득의 요소를 발견하는 기술”, “재주부린 말솜씨”, “훌륭하게 말하는 재주”와 같은 정의가 어울린다. 수사가 또는 연설가의 과업은 능변으로 설득을 이루어내야 하는 것이 다. 아리스토텔레스, 키케로, 퀸틸리아누스 같은 고전 수사학자들은 이런 관점에서 수사학을 강조했다. 아우구스티누스는 고전 수사학을 중세로 이행시킨 인물이다. 아우구스티누스 역시 『그리스도교 교양』에서 설득이나 연설의 기술에 대해 강조한다. 하지만 아우구스티누스는 능변보다 침묵을 더 선호하는 것처럼 보인다. 수사 또는 능변이라는 말과 침묵은 양립할 수 없는 개념이다. 고전 수사학의 설득은 민회, (...) 법정, 제전이나 체전이 벌어진 장소에서 박수 갈채을 이끌어 내기 위해 능변이 중요했다. 하지만 중세 수사학은 교회 담론이라 할 수 있다. 아우구스티누스의 수사학의 핵심은 성서의 진리이다. 아우구스티누스는 성서의 진리를 능변으로 전달하는 것도 중요하지만 더 근원적인 설득의 방법으로 침묵을 제시한다. 본 논문은 아우구스티누스의 회심, 목양 사역에서 침묵이 갖는 의미가 무엇인지를 살펴보면서 아우구티누스 수사학의 지향점은 능변을 넘어서는 침묵임을 고찰하고자 한다. (shrink)