Prenant pour fil conducteur les écrits de Jean-Marie Vaysse et de Bernard Mabille, l’article examine la manière dont le « retournement » heideggérien de l’hégélianisme a pu lui-même être « retourné » grâce à une lecture de Hegel libérée des préjugés qui l’affectent usuellement, et dont Heidegger lui-même ne s’est pas complètement libéré. De la sorte se dessine la voie d’une autre Kehre, plus radicale, en un sens, que celle de Heidegger.

Carl Schmitt a publié, à cinquante ans de distance, en 1922 et en 1970, deux livres intitulés Théologie politique. Ils traitent apparemment d'objets tout différents : le premier de la souveraineté, le second de la possibilité de déduire une politique du monothéisme chrétien. La confrontation des deux textes offre pourtant un accès au principe ultime de l'œuvre de Schmitt dans son ensemble. Contrairement à une thèse actuellement en faveur, ce principe n'est ni religieux, ni théologique, mais politique. Carl Schmitt published (...) in a time lapse of fifty years two volumes holding this same title, Political Theology, each apparently dealt with two radically different topics. The first was about sovereignty, the second, about the possibility to deduce a type of government from Christian monotheism. The confrontation of both texts to one another gives access to a fundamental, but controversial principle of Schmitt's entire work. In opposition to an argument which is currently most respected, this principle is neither religious, not theological, but political. (shrink)

La critique virulente menée par Hegel du formalisme, de l'ineffectivité et du dualisme de la "vision morale du monde", les implications anti-kantiennes de la distinction qu'il fait entre Moralität et Sittlichkeit ne doivent pas masquer son adhésion fondamentale au principe kantien de l'autonomie de la volonté rationnelle. Un examen de la conception hegelienne de la moralité révèle cette proximité. La philosophie pratique de Hegel apparaît, notamment par l'analyse qu'elle propose de la structure logique de l'action, non pas comme le rejet, (...) mais comme I'expression vraie de la fondation rationnelle de l'ethique entreprise par Kant. (shrink)

L’unité du monde est un motif récurrent de l’œuvre de Carl Schmitt, malgré les ruptures apparentes ou réelles qu’elle comporte. Il est présent dans les écrits de la période décisionniste , où il illustre le fantasme d’un dépassement définitif du conflit politique. Durant la période national-socialiste, Schmitt oppose sa théorie du « grand espace » et des Empires aux rêves mondialistes, d’autant plus dangereux qu’ils servent les intérêts d’une puissance aspirant à l’hégémonie, les États-Unis. Mais c’est dans les écrits postérieurs (...) à 1945 que ce motif devient central, en même temps que la réflexion désabusée sur « le nouveau nomos de la terre » qui pourrait succéder au jus publicum europaeum de l’époque moderne. En fin de compte, le rejet constant du rêve d’une unification politique illustre à la fois la conviction étatiste de Schmitt et son refus d’une philosophie rationaliste de l’histoire.The theme of the unity of the world is recurrent in Carl Schmitt’s work, despite the apparent or real breaks it presents. The theme appears in the writings of the decisionist period , as an illustration of a fantasm : that of definitive go-beyond any political conflictuality. During the national-socialist period, Schmitt opposes his theory of the « Great Space » and of the Empires to the dreams of globalisation, considered as a very dangerous as they would, in fact, express the interests of a great power seeking for hegemony, the United States. But, it’s in the writings posterior to 1945 that the theme is becoming central, when Schmitt produces his disillusioned reflexion on the « new nomos of earth » that could take the place of the jus publicum europaeum of the modern period. In the end, his constant refusal of a possible political unification of the world illustrates the statist convictions of Carl Schmitt, and is denial of a rationalist philosophy of history. (shrink)

Dans son article « Existe-t-il des droits naturels? », H. L. A. Hart soutient que « s’il existe des droits moraux, il en résulte qu’il existe au moins un droit naturel, le droit égal de tous les hommes à être libres ». Il s’agit ici de dégager la signification et les possibles difficultés de cette thèse, et de mettre ainsi en évidence les ambiguïtés d’une notion comme celle de natural right. Une confrontation d’une part avec la typologie des droits de (...) Hohfeld, d’autre part avec la thèse de Kant selon laquelle il existe un seul droit « inné », la liberté, permet d’opposer certaines objections à la théorie des droits de Hart. (shrink)

resumo O presente artigo investiga as relações entre individualidade e espírito objetivo no quadro da filosofia política hegeliana. Retomando o significado mediador contido na idéia de “vida ética”, procura-se apontar uma alternativa à interpretação de que Hegel seria partidário de um institucionalismo forte, que dissolveria o indivíduo quando de sua institucionalização sócio-política. palavras-chave vida ética – subjetividade – indivíduo – instituição – linguagem universal.

Es ist nicht zuletzt Hegels Kritik der Demokratie gewesen, die ihm den Ruf zugetragen hat, ein Vordenker des modernen Totalitarismus zu sein. Die genaue Analyse zeigt hingegen, dass Hegels Demokratiekritik die Entfaltungsbedürfnisse der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft reflektiert und damit gerade den Anspruch des politischen Raums nach Totalität, wie er sich in der – antiken – Demokratie manifestiert, in Frage stellt. Hegels Zusammendenken von Staat und Gesellschaft lässt sich zugleich als Kritik des vom Liberalismus entwickelten Staatsverständnisses fruchtbar machen.

The Kantian theme of ‘cosmopolitan right” has often been used in 20th century’s scholarship to water down the juridicism affecting Kant’s doctrine of private and public law. It would in this sense be the point where law is re-introduced into an ethical, or at least meta-juridical, perspective. On the contrary, we would like to emphasize that Kantian cosmopolitan right has a properly juridical dimension. Far from questioning the sharp separation between law and ethics, the cosmopolitan right is the necessary accomplishment (...) of Kantian concept of law. (shrink)

Résumé Cet article est un exercice pour comprendre la définition par Hegel de la Logique comme « la science de l’idée pure », et pour en examiner les implications. Revenant sur la question du rapport de la Logique et de la Phénoménologie, et proposant une interprétation de l’approche délibérément aporétique de la question du « commencement » par Hegel, il s’efforce ensuite de décrire les principales caractéristiques du « programme » logique, dont elles illustrent la radicalité.

resumo Esse artigo busca mostrar, em contraste com uma tradição já estabelecida, que a filosofia clássica alemã, longe de fazer do indivíduo simples apêndice do Estado, propõe uma verdadeira teoria do Estado de direito , e isso, antes mesmo que esta tenha sido formulada pelos juristas liberais. Mas se trata de uma teoria crítica, que põe em evidência o caráter ilusório da idéia liberal segundo a qual a sociedade civil poderia furtarse inteiramente à tutela do Estado. Para Fichte e para (...) Hegel, mas também para Kant, apenas um Estado verdadeiro, com os atributos de sua potência, pode ser um verdadeiro Estado de Direito. palavras-chave Fichte; Kant; Hegel; sociedade civil; liberalismo; Estado de direito. (shrink)

In this essay, I analyze Kant’s views on the permissibility of revolutions as a means of political change. I hold that in the same way the developments of the French Revolution were somehow contained in the ambiguity of the 1791 Constitution, Kant’s hesitations concerning the continuity of a juridical order reflect his own inability to clearly specify who the sovereign is. This difficulty might be due to the fact that Kant did not develop a sound theory of constituent power.

Until recently, the work of Jean-Paul Sartre seemed to have faded out of fashion. Existentialism was replaced by structuralism and poststructuralism, and Sartrean philosophy was relegated to anthologies. In France and the United States, real confrontation with his work has been virtually missing. This collection of essays addresses this absence by shedding light on Sartre's contribution to critical trends that have been developing over the last twenty years, including feminism, gender studies and post-colonial studies. In addition, the essays combine (...) to reassess Sartre's importance in such traditional fields as literature, philosophy and psychoanalysis. An essential, comprehensive volume of work, Situating Sartre in Twentieth-Century Thought and Culture updates and expands the scope of Sartrean studies. (shrink)

Etudie les aspects, les moyens et les précédents de l'interprétation que fait Plotin (205-270) de l'idée platonicienne de participation. L'auteur met en avant l'importance de la notion d'imitation dans l'hypothèse d'un processus d'engendrement des existences à partir des trois réalités véritables (l'Un, l'Intellect et l'Ame).

In this book it explores science and technology, makes connections between these epistemic, cultural, and political trends, and develops profound insights into the nature of our postmodernity.

Alors qu’il était précepteur en Suisse, le jeune Hegel traduisit minutieusement un libelle révolutionnaire dénonçant l’oppression que les autorités bernoises exerçaient sur le Pays de Vaud. Il publia ces Lettres de Jean-Jacques Cart à son retour en Allemagne, en 1798, sous le couvert d’un anonymat qu’il ne leva jamais. Derrière le caractère anecdotique de cette première publication, on peut déceler des enjeux qui conduisirent à l’instauration de l’idéalisme spéculatif. Le motif de la lutte pour la reconnaissance, en particulier, semble (...) y trouver sa première apparition. Plus fondamentalement cette première publication éclaire le travail d’élaboration stylistique conduisant progressivement au système, avec, à l’horizon, la question de la portée pratique de la philosophie. (shrink)

During the Second Industrial revolution, consulting professor bridged higher education institutions with industry and government. A concept like the utilitarian research regime by Terry Shinn can explain their material and intellectual production by allowing for a reconstruction of their social networks. Pierre‐Paul LeCointe and Louis Bourgoin , associates in an engineering consultancy office, institutionalised a consultation service at the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry of the École Polytechnique of Montreal . The two industrial chemists were thereby able to obtain financial, material (...) and human resources through exchanges with industrialists, business men and civil servants; consequently, their material and intellectual production is marked by the preoccupations of the industries and government with whom they exchanged. Industrial development in Canada was, in part, based on the work of these consultants who helped private companies analyse primary resources, standardize fabrication procedures and adapt the production to regulations. The government also offered technological assistance to businesses thanks to consultants, while regulating the markets and producing industrial standards. The inception of a utilitarian research regime results from the conjunction of these different factors. Finally, on Bourgoin's initiative, the École Polytechnique created a research centre based on the model of consulting laboratories. (shrink)

During the Second Industrial revolution, consulting professor bridged higher education institutions with industry and government. A concept like the utilitarian research regime by Terry Shinn can explain their material and intellectual production by allowing for a reconstruction of their social networks. Pierre‐Paul LeCointe (d. 1948) and Louis Bourgoin (1891–1951), associates in an engineering consultancy office, institutionalised a consultation service at the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry of the École Polytechnique of Montreal (1917). The two industrial chemists were thereby able to obtain (...) financial, material and human resources through exchanges with industrialists, business men and civil servants; consequently, their material and intellectual production is marked by the preoccupations of the industries and government with whom they exchanged. Industrial development in Canada was, in part, based on the work of these consultants who helped private companies analyse primary resources, standardize fabrication procedures and adapt the production to regulations. The government also offered technological assistance to businesses thanks to consultants, while regulating the markets and producing industrial standards. The inception of a utilitarian research regime results from the conjunction of these different factors. Finally, on Bourgoin's initiative, the École Polytechnique created a research centre (1946) based on the model of consulting laboratories. (shrink)

The objective of this study is to analyze the measurability and interfirm comparability of sustainability performance through the qualitative content analysis of 12 sustainability reports of mining firms using the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. The systematic comparison of information disclosed in 92 GRI indicators sheds light on the reasons underlying the impossibility of rigorously measuring and comparing the sustainability performance of firms from the same sector, which are supposed to be strictly following the same reporting guideline. These reasons include qualitative (...) aspects of sustainability, lack of compliance with GRI protocols, indicator contingency, ambiguous or incomplete information, data heterogeneity, and report opacity. The study makes it possible to return to the very notion of sustainability, its meaning, and flexible application by organizations. The results are discussed from three different theoretical perspectives, each of which proposes possible and complementary explanations of the main findings. (shrink)

The dual-process model of cognition but most especially its reflective component, system 2 processing, shows strong conceptual links with critical thinking. In fact, the salient characteristics of system 2 processing are so strikingly close to that of critical thinking, that it is tempting to claim that critical thinking is system 2 processing, no more and no less. In this article, I consider the two sides of that claim: Does critical thinking always require system 2 processing? And does system 2 processing (...) always result in critical thinking? I argue that it is plausible and helpful to consider that critical thinking requires system 2 processing. In particular, this assumption can provide interesting insights and benchmarks for critical thinking education. On the other hand, I show that system 2 processing can result in a range of outcomes which are either contradictory with critical thinking, or of debatable social desirability—which suggests that there is more to critical thinking than mere system 2 processing, and more to system 2 processing than just critical thinking. (shrink)