L'enjeu d'une « théologie politique » : Carl Schmitt

Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 100 (2):201-220 (1995)
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Abstract

Carl Schmitt a publié, à cinquante ans de distance, en 1922 et en 1970, deux livres intitulés Théologie politique. Ils traitent apparemment d'objets tout différents : le premier de la souveraineté, le second de la possibilité de déduire une politique du monothéisme chrétien. La confrontation des deux textes offre pourtant un accès au principe ultime de l'œuvre de Schmitt dans son ensemble. Contrairement à une thèse actuellement en faveur, ce principe n'est ni religieux, ni théologique, mais politique. Carl Schmitt published in a time lapse of fifty years two volumes holding this same title, Political Theology, each apparently dealt with two radically different topics. The first was about sovereignty, the second, about the possibility to deduce a type of government from Christian monotheism. The confrontation of both texts to one another gives access to a fundamental, but controversial principle of Schmitt's entire work. In opposition to an argument which is currently most respected, this principle is neither religious, not theological, but political.

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Jean-François Kervegan
University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

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