Inside Out develops novel cinematic means for representing memory, emotion and imagination, their interior relationships and their social expression. Its unique animated language both playfully represents pre-teenage metacognition, and is itself a manner of metacognitive interrogation. Inside Out motivates this language to ask two questions: an explicit question regarding the social function of sadness, and a more implicit question regarding how one can identify agency, and thereby a sense of developing selfhood, between one’s memories, emotions, facets of personality, and future-thinking (...) imagination. Both the complexity of the language Inside Out develops to ask these questions, and the complicated answers the film provides, ultimately serve as a manner of recognition of the effortfulness of finding one’s place in the world. This article talks sequentially through the complex representative systems Inside Out advances in order to pay homage to the ways in which metacognitive cinema – as well as discussions and hermeneutic readings around that cinema – can make viewers feel recognised for invisible, internal labour that is existentially difficult to share due to its very interiority; an interiority that is reconstructed in imaginative processes such as autobiographical reminiscence, and filmic animation. (shrink)

To date, both sides in the conventionality of simultaneity debate grant that transformations from "standard" to "nonstandard" coordinates are possible without any empirically significant effects. However, it is argued here that the very possibility of defining nonstandard coordinates vanishes if one represents special relativity, not by real four-vectors (as has been the case so far in the debate), but by complex spinors as used in the representation of half-integer spin. Thus, in the topologically simplest representation of the Lorentz group, the (...) transformation over which the debate has been fought does not exist and one of the most basic foundations of the conventionalist thesis is challenged. (shrink)

Several authors have recently attempted to provide a physicalist analysis of causation by appealing to terms from physics that characterise causal processes. Accounts based on forces, energy/momentum transfer and fundamental interactions have been suggested in the literature. In this paper, I wish to show that the former two are untenable when the effect of enclosed electromagnetic fluxes in quantum theory is considered. Furthermore, I suggest that even in the classical and non-relativistic limits, a theory of fundamental interactions should not be (...) reduced to either a theory of forces or of energy/momentum transfer, but should be understood as a classical account of mutual interactions. Causal links are therefore correctly characterised by generalised potentials. This leads to some speculation regarding the fundamental ontology of interactions and, in particular, the role of the quantum mechanical phase. (shrink)

The present article analyses critically the paradox of phenomenon claimed by Danish Philosopher Kierkegaard and Marion’s new concept named saturated phenomenon. While the concept of God, by definition, must surpass the realm of empiricism, perhaps the something may shed light over what God must be: Excess. However, Marion developed a new concept of phenomenon that not only occupies the immanence world, but also goes beyond. It is called saturated phenomenon. In order to address the question one might understand the limit (...) of the givenness and then what does it mean saturated givenness. We probably all have had the sense of being overwhelmed by something and this can lead toward a sense of torpor or numbness. In the other hand, Kierkegaard affirms that God is so different than a human being, so totally other that we may think we’re right in demanding God make himself understood and be reasonable towards us. Kierkegaard upholds that we’re always dealing with God in the wrong way. I will argue that Marion, however, following phenomenological footsteps indicates a new path toward how to address God properly. Key words: Paradox; Saturated phenomenon; freedom; Excess. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The contemporary philosophical debate about "gift" brought into light above all by French philosophers Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion, brought about new and live discussions regarding what gift is and what is its nature. The present article analyses whether or not love can be regarded as a gift or, rather, follow the same problem showed by Derrida. According to him, every gift carries an internal contradiction and can never be and, therefore, will never be gift. A gift is impossible. (...) What is as gift to people, is, actually a commodity, an economical circle for Derrida. This article seeks to inquire whether can or cannot love follow the same gift pattern or if it, rather, builds his own path and follows its own internal logic. Is it possible to analyze love following on the footsteps of phenomenology? If love can be analyzed in a phenomenological fashion - reduction of love - then a new horizon will be opened. RESUMO O problema do debate filosófico contemporâneo acerca do dom, trazido à tona sobretudo pelos filósofos franceses Jacques Derrida e Jean-Luc Marion, trouxe novas e vivas discussõets sobre o que é e qual a sua natureza. O presente artigo analisa se o amor pode ser considerado como um dom ou se segue o mesmo problema sublinhado por Derrida. Segundo o autor, todo dom tem uma contradição interna e não pode ser considerado como tal. O que é dom para as pessoas, para Derrida é uma commodities, um círculo econômico. Em outras palavras, o dom é impossível. A análise que se faz neste artigo é se o amor segue este paradigma, portanto é impossível, ou se ele constrói um caminho próprio e segue sua própria lógica. É possível analisar o amor seguindo os passos da fenomenologia? Reduzindo o amor a fenômeno, então a análise se abre a novos horizontes. (shrink)

Is it possible to construct an alternative framework for the description of physical reality that is not based on space and time? According to Kant, because of the incorrigibility of the spatiotemporal scheme, the contents of any such alternative will be beyond our cognitive grasp. Nonetheless, the possibility of constructing such a descriptive scheme poses itself as an intriguing challenge. In this paper, we attempt to answer this challenge by exploiting an analytical tool extensively used by physicists and engineers: the (...) utilisation of multiple representations of the same data using integral transforms – for example, the Fourier transform. According to the spectral picture we propose, frequencies and wavelengths, related to time and space by the Fourier transform, form an adequate alternative basis for describing physical systems, and one that is of equal richness to the spatiotemporal picture. Furthermore, the routine use of Fourier analysis applied to familiar physical systems suggests ways in which sense organs might be constructed such that they naturally give rise to a spectral representation of the world. Although we might never be able to imagine perceiving the world in this way, we can nonetheless describe the contents of such a mode of perception and relate them precisely to our own world-view. Hence, we suggest in a Kantian spirit, that the spatiotemporal description of the world is not unique. (shrink)

Is it possible to construct an alternative framework for the description of physical reality that is not based on space and time? According to Kant, because of the incorrigibility of the spatiotemporal scheme, the contents of any such alternative will be beyond our cognitive grasp. Nonetheless, the possibility of constructing such a descriptive scheme poses itself as an intriguing challenge. In this paper, we attempt to answer this challenge by exploiting an analytical tool extensively used by physicists and engineers: the (...) utilisation of multiple representations of the same data using integral transforms – for example, the Fourier transform. According to the “spectral” picture we propose, frequencies and wavelengths, related to time and space by the Fourier transform, form an adequate alternative basis for describing physical systems, and one that is of equal richness to the spatiotemporal picture. Furthermore, the routine use of Fourier analysis applied to familiar physical systems suggests ways in which sense organs might be constructed such that they naturally give rise to a spectral representation of the world. Although we might never be able to imagine perceiving the world in this way, we can nonetheless describe the contents of such a mode of perception and relate them precisely to our own world-view. Hence, we suggest in a Kantian spirit, that the spatiotemporal description of the world is not unique. (shrink)

We analyse aspects of the Big Bang program in modern cosmology, with special focus on the strategies employed by its adherents both in defending the theory against anomalous data and in dismissing rival accounts. We illustrate this by critically examining four aspects of Big Bang cosmology: the interpretation of the cosmic red-shift, the explanation of the cosmic background radiation, the inflation hypothesis and the search for dark matter. We conclude that the Big Bang's dominance of contemporary cosmology is not justified (...) by the degree of experimental support it receives relative to rival theories. (shrink)

In this paper I argue that the propositional model of Divine revelation deserves renewed attention due to both criticisms stemming from misunderstanding and recent arguments in favor of the propositional model. I begin by clarifying what I mean by the propositional model of Divine revelation and by pointing out misunderstandings of the implications of this model. Subsequently, I offer a few arguments in favor of the propositional model of Divine revelation based on three assumptions that I take to be basic (...) elements of Christianity. Finally, I explain why I think the propositional model is doctrinally significant for the Christian Faith. (shrink)

A intenção deste ensaio é promover uma reflexão, sob o olhar das principais contribuições de ByungChul Han no empreendimento dialógico da Filosofia com o método desenvolvido pelos filósofos na modernidade, denominado de pornográfico. Para efetivarmos este objetivo o texto reflete sobre a liberdade de escolha e o processo de desenvolvimento na modernidade, buscando responder as seguintes indagações: Ao entregar aos indivíduos a responsabilidade por suas escolhas, seja ela racional ou social, não estaríamos produzindo uma nova forma de coerção, mas eficiente (...) e duradoura, uma estratégia psicopolítica do liberalismo contemporâneo? Não estaríamos sendo introduzidos em uma servidão absoluta e voluntária? Se na dialética do senhor e do escravo, ser senhor significava apenas gozar e nunca desempenhar, agora surge uma nova era, onde o gozo somente é possível no ato de exercício deste desempenho e para isto precisamos estar sempre capacitados, incluído. Afinal, explorar o outro sem sua própria vontade não é tão eficiente quanto explorá-lo por sua própria escolha. A liberdade de escolha não seria uma astúcia da razão liberal? (shrink)

Para Heidegger, a filosofia até então fora metafísica e enquanto tal chega a seu acabamento na era tecnológica, ou seja, a modernidade atinge seu auge com a inauguração da autonomia das ciências particulares pela linguagem cibernética. O filósofo chama a atenção para um pensamento capaz de pensar além da metafisica e da essência da técnica que tem dominado a compreensão do habitar humano no mundo. Redescobrir um pensar que não seja nem metafísico nem técnico é o que Heidegger chama de (...) a tarefa do pensamento. Vejamos que tanto a metafísica quanto a técnica estão acentuadas em um mesmo fundamento, consequentemente em uma mesma noção de verdade, a verdade enquanto concordância, enunciativa e enquanto ente. Nesta concepção de verdade também a filosofia habita enquanto metafísica, por isso na tarefa do pensamento a filosofia deve superar-se e buscar uma nova compreensão para o que é verdadeiro, deve ir às origens do pensamento grego e resgatar o significado de alétheia, desvelamento. Pensar é desvelar o que está velado. A tarefa do pensamento passa a ser encaminhada à hermenêutica, não por mera arbitrariedade, mas sim pela própria necessidade de se pensar originariamente. Só a hermenêutica pode ainda pensar o que é digno de ser pensado, o que ainda não foi alcançado pelo pensamento metafísico e pelo enquadramento técnico que move a habitação do homem no mundo, pois é a abertura que possibilita todo apresentar-se, essa abertura é a clareira do Ser.: For Heidegger philosophy had been hitherto metaphysics and it reaches its finishing process in the technological era, i.e., modernity reaches its peak with the unveiling of the autonomy of the special sciences through cyber language. The philosopher draws attention to a thought able of thinking beyond metaphysics and the essence of the technique that has dominated the understanding of human dwelling in the world. Rediscover a thinking that is neither metaphysical nor technique is what Heidegger calls the task of thought. Considering that both metaphysics and technique are pronounced in the same basis, thus in the same notion of truth, the truth as agreement, expository and as beings. In this conception of truth philosophy inhabits as metaphysical as well as. For this reason, in the task of thought, philosophy should surpass itself and seek a new understanding for what is true, it shall go to the origins of Greek thought and redeem the meaning of aletheia, unveiling. Thinking is to unveil what is veiled. The task of thought becomes forwarded to hermeneutics, not for mere arbitrariness, rather for the need of thinking originally. Only hermeneutics might still think what is worthy of being thought, what has not yet been reached by metaphysical thought and by the technical framework that moves the habitation of man in the world, then it is the opening that allows all “coming forwards”, this opening is the clearing of Being. Keywords: Philosophy. Metaphysics. Technique. Hermeneutics. Modernity. (shrink)

In this paper, I examine the development and application of codes of ethics for alternative dispute resolution practitioners, specifically mediators. I discuss thecommon vocabulary that one linds in model codes of conduct, and address the various dilemmas that arise for the "ethical" practitioner who wishes to model their practices on the standards found in such codes. I assert that some of the most intriguing and trenchant work on ethical dilemmas for mediators concerns the tension between accountability to participants, and aspirations (...) to ensure just outcomes. The latter invokes norms pertaining to social justice in society at large. I suggest that it can be helplul to conceive of such dilemmas in terms of a contrast between obligations a rising from the "role" of an ADR prolessional and the "policy" dimensions of evaluating the impacts (intended and unintended) of the work of ADR professionals on society at large. (shrink)

In this paper, I examine the development and application of codes of ethics for alternative dispute resolution practitioners, specifically mediators. I discuss thecommon vocabulary that one linds in model codes of conduct, and address the various dilemmas that arise for the "ethical" practitioner who wishes to model their practices on the standards found in such codes. I assert that some of the most intriguing and trenchant work on ethical dilemmas for mediators concerns the tension between accountability to participants, and aspirations (...) to ensure just outcomes. The latter invokes norms pertaining to social justice in society at large. I suggest that it can be helplul to conceive of such dilemmas in terms of a contrast between obligations a rising from the "role" of an ADR prolessional and the "policy" dimensions of evaluating the impacts of the work of ADR professionals on society at large. (shrink)

Whether you undertaking a taught doctorate, or a course of study leading to a PhD, this book offers complete, up-to-date guidance and discussion on all aspects of successful doctoral work. The five experienced authors give advice on every stage in the process of completing a doctorate, from helping you to engage in critical reflection to better understand your own research biases, to useful guidelines on preparing for, and surviving, the viva. Combining general discussion with practical advice, this book is an (...) essential companion to your research. Topics include: Preparing for a doctorate Embarking on your Research Adapting to life as a student Working with a supervisor Reading critically Conceptualising your research Thinking about methodologies and approaches Producing a thesis Preparing for and taking the viva Disseminating your research. (shrink)

This dissertation is informed by the general project of applying ethics to intellectual property, and focuses on a matter of particular concern within the field of applied bioethics, in conjunction with business ethics. Ensuring access to life-saving medical treatments for those in need of them is of crucial contemporary relevance. This line of enquiry led me to a specific question, which provides a conceptual framework for this work. That question is the following: should patents on pharmaceuticals be prohibited or restricted (...) in order to achieve that objective? ;To address that question, I use a very old and familiar example of a thought experiment, namely the Heinz dilemma, to make the case for paying attention to intellectual property issues. The Heinz dilemma is the focus of Chapter One. In Chapter Two, I endorse the application of mid-level principles in applied ethics. I elaborate on the mid-level principle of "economic efficiency" in Chapter Three, and then examine the "social responsibility of business" principle in Chapter Four. ;I recommend a relatively anti-theoretical approach to applying ethics to intellectual property issues. It is easier, I suggest, to appreciate the merits of such approaches if one first acquires an appreciation for the wonders and perplexities of intellectual property jurisprudence. To that end, Chapter Five contains background material on the particulars of intellectual property jurisprudence, especially patent law. In it, I contrast patents with trade secrecy protection, and briefly discuss compulsory licensing, stockpiling provisions, infringement exemptions. In Chapter Six, I survey the economic literature on patents and the debates over increased innovation as a desirable social goal. I propose several concepts---namely, technique, proportional property rights and the enhancement effect---which can contribute to a clearer understanding of what is at stake in the debates. ;The next three chapters, Seven to Nine, each deal with a different objection to patent protection in the context of biotechnology. Chapter Seven addresses the objections to bioprospecting. Chapter Eight deals with the objections to the increasing commercialization of medical research. Then Chapter Nine explicitly tackles the objections to unreasonable pricing practices, the ones so frequently charged against pharmaceutical patents, in particular. Lastly, I explore a range of policy options, alternatives to altering the scope or availability of patent protection, which may more effectively address the specific problem of ensuring access to innovative medical treatments. (shrink)

This chapter examines five emulation methods, drawing a distinction between structure replication and reconstruction (SR) methods, and reverse brain engineering (RBE) methods. It argues that we need reasons to claim a particular procedure does or does not maintain identity, independently of whether the procedure is destructive or nondestructive. The chapter proposes that whole brain emulation (WBE) research be aimed primarily at cybernetics and possibility of replacing a biological brain in steps that involve very small parts with no psychologically relevant structure. (...) It also argues that methods reliant on structure replication and reconstruction will not preserve personal identity, based on a neo‐Lockean definition of personal identity according to which the self is a relatively autonomous self‐perpetuating substance whose psychological continuity through time is ensured primarily by immanent causation. All SR methods involve too much transeunt causation. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook Jahrgang: 23 Heft: 1 Seiten: 223-246.

'The Aestheticization of History and the Butterfly Effect: Visual Arts Series' introduces the audience to philosophical concepts that broach the beginning of the history of Western thought in Plato and Aristotle to that of more modern thought in the theoretician Jacques Rancière in which the main conceptual framework of this anthology is predicated. The introduction is mainly concerned with Rancière's concept of the distribution of the sensible, which is the arrangement of things accessible to our senses, what we experience in (...) real-time and space- compartmentalization and categorization of all things. These things do not just involve tangible items, but audible speech, written language, and visibilities. Rancière's theory of the regimes of art is undertaken as the unfolding of the distribution. Such is evoked in the various genres of visual art forms, from two-dimensional paintings to three-dimensional sculptures and architectures. Understanding the aesthetic regime of art is crucial for grasping how art performs time travel. One way of understanding this phenomenon is in terms of embodied philosophy imbued vis-à-vis art forms, which are subsequently challenged by contemporary artists. The contributing essays examine these reiterations, reevaluations-performances. Aesthetics is a term deriving from the 18th-century European Enlightenment. It is here that aesthetics as the study of beauty is probed for its political potential after the failure of the French Revolution. Many major thinkers during this period signed on to the aesthetic moment, recognizing that Reason in its present state failed to develop humankind beyond barbarism. J.E.B. Stuart's statue is part of an equestrian theme that approximates the Western canon of power and class in the pursuit of domination. But such power and domination will be dethroned in the restaging of history and the redistribution of said canon. This reimagining of the form not only alters perception but constitutes a new narrative. (shrink)

Bruun and Hansen claim that Kierkegaard decided to publish Two Ethical-Religious Essays on commission with Gyldendal so as not to be linked to the penname H.H. Elsewhere, however, Kierkegaard indicates that the Essays, although they stand outside of the authorship, are to be understood in relation to it. Furthermore, Bruun and Hansen do not explain why Kierkegaard chose Gyldendal and not some other house. Drawing on Gérard Genette’s concept of the peritext, I argue that it was Gyldendal’s reputation as a (...) leading theological publisher that led Kierkegaard to select it for a work demarcating the boundary of his authorship. (shrink)

I examine the difficulties involved in the Aristotelian proposal to identify the knowledge of “what it is” and “why it is”, in order to better understand the outlines that delimit it. I propose that the connections by which Aristotle links definition and explanation, and hence essence and cause, depend on the mutual convertibility between nominal expressions and predicative sentences.

Resenha do livro The Ethics of Environmentally Responsible Health Care.

Translation of the initial chapters of Aristotle’s Prior Analytics into Portuguese and introduction, which addresses interpretative disagreements and translation choices.

This paper analyses and compares some of the automated reasoners that have been used in recent research for compliance checking. Although the list of the considered reasoners is not exhaustive, we believe that our analysis is representative enough to take stock of the current state of the art in the topic. We are interested here in formalizations at the first-order level. Past literature on normative reasoning mostly focuses on the propositional level. However, the propositional level is of little usefulness for (...) concrete LegalTech applications, in which compliance checking must be enforced on (large) sets of individuals. Furthermore, we are interested in technologies that are freely available and that can be further investigated and compared by the scientific community. In other words, this paper does not consider technologies only employed in industry and/or whose source code is non-accessible. This paper formalizes a selected use case in the considered reasoners and compares the implementations, also in terms of simulations with respect to shared synthetic datasets. The comparison will highlight that lot of further research still needs to be done to integrate the benefits featured by the different reasoners into a single standardized first-order framework, suitable for LegalTech applications. All source codes are freely available at https://github.com/liviorobaldo/compliancecheckers, together with instructions to locally reproduce the simulations. (shrink)

O DISCURSO ENTRE O CÁRCERE E A SUA SUPOSTA GRANDEZA SISTÊMICA.

REDEFININDO O PAPEL DOS JURADOS: UM DEBATE EM TORNO DO PROBLEMA DO CONCEITO DE ORDEM PÚBLICA E A NEGATIVA DO DIREITO DE RECORRER EM LIBERDADE NAS DECISÕES CONDENATÓRIAS DO TRIBUNAL DO JÚRI.

Este trabalho pretende apresentar alguns pontos do pensamento filosófico de Gumbrecht sobre a presença, especialmente, com relação às possibilidades da linguagem. A partir desse logos propõe-se uma crítica introdutória aos conceitos de coisa, de sujeito/objeto, de visão cartesiana do mundo, demonstrando, a partir do autor analisado, as possibilidades de tangibilidade por meio da linguagem e o que isso representa em face dos paradigmas vigentes das ciências instituídas. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, viu-se que a teoria da linguagem de Gumbrecht é subsídio (...) importante para a reflexão transdisciplinar, etnometodológica e etnoecológica; pode contribuir para um aprofundamento conceitual da “visão dionisíaca de mundo” de Nietzsche e Maffesoli; da “Geografia Humana” e do etnoconceito de “lugar” de Yi-Fu Tuan; dos conceitos de “abertura”, “lida”, “práxis”, “linguagem”, “Dasein”, “Ser-no-mundo” de Heidegger; de “adaptabilidade” de Moran e de “autopoiesis” e da fenomenologia biológica de Maturana. (shrink)