The principal purpose of this text is to show that Michel Henry’s radicalization ofphenomenology conduces to a problematic interpretation of the world and human desire, and to proposea solution to the problem from the philosophy of Augustine of Hippo. If for Henry, Life is absoluteimmanence, for Augustine it is also extasis. If for the first desire has to be reduced to mere immanence,for the later this desire (appetitus) is one of the ways in which man can encounter the Absolute.

En este trabajo intentaré mostrar que, de acuerdo con Agustín de Hipona –y a diferencia de una cierta lectura relativamente clásica de Pascal–, el deseo puede ser el comienzo de la relación del hombre con el Absoluto. Para ello divido el texto en cuatro partes: primero, describo la situación existencial primordial de la que nace el deseo, la inquietud. Después, describo el doble despliegue del deseo: amor o concupiscencia, según objeto e inclinación. En tercer lugar, intento describir los tipos de (...) concupiscencias y sus paralelismos en ambos autores. Concluyo mostrando la importancia de la costumbre en la constitución del deseo. (shrink)

This work focuses on the role that music has in the constitution of the World as a philosophical category. I explore the work of Eugenio Trías and Augustine of Hippo, and the way both philosophers have conceptualized music in relation to the constitution of the time of the World. For Trías music is not about the World but about its limits and, in that way, gives it a form. For Augustine music relates man to universe’s ordo , liberating him from (...) mundane distentio animi and helping him to give sense to a World that gives itself as finite. (shrink)

El presente trabajo propone un análisis sobre las políticas educativas y de inserción social destinadas a los y las jóvenes pertenecientes a una configuración neo-colonial, agraria y periférica. Para este fin se estudia el caso del distrito de Costa de Araujo, ubicado en la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina), el cual se caracteriza por ser un territorio marginal que ha sufrido las transformaciones propias de las actuales estructuras capitalistas agrarias. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se estudia el papel creciente que ha asumido (...) el sistema educativo en la implementación de políticas de formación para jóvenes rurales. En este sentido, presentamos un análisis sobre el único centro de Capacitación para el Trabajo de la zona y de su propuesta que contiene como metas institucionales: ofrecer la terminalidad educativa secundaria y capacitar la fuerza de trabajo de los y las jóvenes del lugar. De esta manera se pretende reflexionar sobre estas propuestas educativas a la luz de la realidad social y particular que asume la juventud rural en Costa de Araujo. (shrink)

This paper argues that the gesture of being silent —or “subjective silence”— can be described as a specific modulation of attention, in which consciousness gains awareness of a specific realm of experience where the body appears as a transcendental dimension of the self. Taking Dauenhauer’s typology as a point of departure, I will describe what I understand with the expressions “subjective silence” –and “the gesture of being silent”– and try to show its specific relation to “attention,” according to Husserl’s description (...) of it. Second, that the noematic field of this “subjective silence” is the realm of the pre-predicative, since it allows consciousness to maintain a certain intentional tension that does not focus on any categorial object. Finally, I will try to show that in this realm of the pre-predicative, the body appears as an immanent dimension of consciousness and, therefore, not as a mere object but as a transcendental instance of the self. (shrink)

El siguiente documento es el resultado de un seminario de investigación sobre novela policíaca latinoamericana reciente, desarrollado en el curso de Novela Latinoamericana, de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras en la Universidad de La Salle. La fundamentación teórica del seminario tuvo como marco general la Estética de la Recepción fundada en la Escuela de Constanza, Alemania, por Hans Robert Jauss y Wolfgang Iser. Para el caso concreto de la teoría literaria sobre novela policíaca vista en perspectiva sociológica, preferimos apelar (...) a las reflexiones fundacionales de Roger Caillios (1942), las que tiene un sugestivo subtítulo, a saber, La novela policíaca. –De cómo la inteligencia se retira del mundo para consagrarse a sus juegos y de cómo la sociedad introduce sus problemas en éstos. Por otra parte, elegimos la novela corta de Roberto Bolaño, La pista de hielo; y sobre esta elaboramos distintas hipótesis de trabajo, hasta lograr, al juicio de nuestros lectores, una propuesta de teoría literaria, que dé cuenta de la nueva narrativa policíaca. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to show that every form of knowledge, even scientific knowledge, is linked with the personal existence that effectuates it. We offer a map of the different schools of Interdisciplinarity attending to an anthropological criterion. To this end, a map of the various schools of interdisciplinarity is offered according to an anthropological criterion, where the persistence of a partial and reductive approach to human knowledge in various modalities is generally detected. The consequence of this way (...) of understanding knowledge is firstly the fragmentation of reality, but also of social life and above all of human existence itself. Thus, the need for a theory of interdiscipline is discovered, that not only transcends the epistemological approach, but also that of action and its ontological dimension. We propose that this expansion is achieved through a radical interdiscipline anchored in personal existence. (shrink)

En el capítulo I titulado "Del origen de los indios de Chile y de las noticias que acerca de él se han conservado", el jesuita Diego de Rosales propone una lectura de los mitos indígenas a partir de su vinculación con la tradición judeocristiana. Este hecho, además de rescatar una parte de la cultura oral mapuche, demuestra la vigencia del proyecto evangelizador iniciado por el padre Luis de Valdivia. El artículo analiza la relación entre la escritura de los (...) mitos indígenas y el programa misional jesuita. Planteo que el rescate de las creencias nativas fue un medio para desestabilizar la legitimidad del discurso esclavista y para justificar una forma distinta de imponer las prácticas de sujeción colonial a partir de la idea de continuidad entre ambas culturas. (shrink)

Putnam and others have argued that semantic externalism extends to artifactual kind words such as “pencil” or “doorstop”. I first show that, even with natural kinds, externalism applies to words for ground level kinds. The issue then arises of which categories of artifacts should be identified as kinds in the relevant, restricted sense. I argue that, though there are natural taxonomies of artifactual categories at least some of which have well-defined ground levels, even words for such kinds do not appear (...) to have externalist semantics, as they do not support ignorance or error arguments. Some think that membership to any kind is determined by objective features. Against this, I argue that the makers’ productive intentions are often crucial in selecting which pattern of features counts as constitutive of a kind. Though externalists may insist that membership to a kind is ultimately determined by sharing objective features, the resulting version of externalism can hardly be distinguished from internalism. (shrink)

La présente étude a deux objectifs. Le premier est d’examiner les différentes formulations de l’objection de l’ἀπραξία telle qu’elle fut soulevée contre le scepticisme académicien et le pyrrhonisme, ainsi que les réponses à cette objection proposées par Arcésilas et Sextus Empiricus. Le second objectif consiste à évaluer la force de la version de l’objection de l’ἀπραξία selon laquelle le sceptique ne peut réaliser les actions rationnelles propres à l’être humain.

It is generally thought that suspension of judgment about a proposition p is the doxastic attitude one is rationally compelled to adopt whenever the epistemic reasons for and against p are equipollent or equally credible, that is, whenever the total body of available evidence bearing on p epistemically justifies neither belief nor disbelief in p. However, in a recent contribution to this journal, Jan Wieland proposes “to broaden the conditions for suspension, and argue that it is rational to suspend belief (...) on a certain issue even if one’s current evidence is not neutral (or even close to neutral)”. My aim in this paper is to point to a number of problems in Wieland’s position, some of which in connection with the account of Pyrrhonian skepticism found in the extant works of Sextus Empiricus. (shrink)

Different notions of analysis have been both theorized and put to use in early analytic philosophy. Two of them stand out: connective analysis and analysis as paraphrase. The latter played a central role in the development of analytic philosophy from Frege to Quine and beyond. With the advent of formal semantics of natural language in the 1970s, paraphrase came to be characterizable as translation into a formal “target language”. While I claim that the method cannot achieve its original philosophical aims, (...) I insist that, in spite of them, it is far from being a theoretically empty operation and that it lives on in some contemporary philosophical enterprises. (shrink)

There are two prevalent accounts of semantic normativity: the prescriptive account, which can be found in some of Wittgenstein’s remarks, and the regularity account, which may have been Sellars’s view and is nowadays defended by some antinormativists. On the former account, meanings are norms that govern the use of words; on the latter, they are regularities of use which, in themselves, do not engender any prescriptions. I argue that only the prescriptive view can account for certain platitudes about meaning, which (...) motivate the very idea of semantic normativity. After some preliminary clarifications about the form that alleged semantic norms should take in order to be prima facie plausible, I argue—against some antinormativists—that whatever normativity is involved in the meaning of words cannot be brought back to a general norm of truth as distinct from specifically semantic norms, for semantic norms already involve a norm of truth. Next, I examine what I take to be the strongest objection to semantic normativity, namely the identification of meaning with use: as use is just a bunch of facts, it cannot be attributed any normative import. Nowadays, this view has been defended by Paul Horwich. After criticizing Horwich’s claim that meaning, though not normative in itself, has unmediated normative implications, I propose a different view of the relation between use and meaning, on which meaning is not quite identical with use but is grounded on use. I propose as a model the idea of a hyperconformist social system: a system in which customs, and only customs, generate norms. I suggest that language is such a system, and describe two reasons why it is plausible for language to work like that. Finally, I analyze statements of meaning on the model of Ruth Millikan “pushmi-pullyu” representations, i.e. as having both descriptive and normative import. I point out that, however, there are exceptions to meaning’s being grounded on use, as there are cases in which semantic norms are dictated by authorities of several kinds. Lastly, I briefly discuss the suggestion that meaning supervenes on use, showing that, aside from its inherent difficulties, it does not explain why meaning would supervene on use. (shrink)

One of the most remarkable aspects of John Maynard Smith’s work was the fact that he devoted time both to doing science and to reflecting philosophically upon its methods and concepts. In this paper I offer a philosophical analysis of Maynard Smith’s approach to modelling phenotypic evolution in relation to three main themes. The first concerns the type of scientific understanding that ESS and optimality models give us. The second concerns the causal–historical aspect of stability analyses of adaptation. The third (...) concerns the concept of evolutionary stability itself. Taken together, these three themes comprise what I call the natural philosophy of adaptation. (shrink)

Se presenta las aplicaciones desarrollas para virtualizar el laboratorio de fluidos y transferencias de la Universidad Metropolitana. El objetivo es permitir a los estudiantes realizar las prácticas de laboratorio de manera online. Se desarrolló una aplicación de cada práctica utilizando MATLAB App Designer. Los estudiantes lograron hacer cada práctica virtual manipulando en tiempo real las variables correspondientes y obtener los resultados con el cual realizar los informes. Estas aplicaciones fueron empleadas para dictar la asignatura de manera virtual, obteniendo buena aceptación (...) por parte de los estudiantes, los cuales sintieron cada práctica interactiva y de utilidad para su proceso de aprendizaje. (shrink)

El presente estudio analiza la empatía como habilidad cognitivo-emocional-afectiva del médico que permite vivenciar la situación emocional del paciente y transformar el encuentro clínico en un acto solidario y responsable. Señala la importancia de cuidar abnegadamente al otro atendiendo su vulnerabilidad y dependencia, y subraya el valor de custodiar la vida humana hasta su cumplimiento natural, haciéndose cargo del otro, por medio del acompañamiento y de propiciar la renovación del sentido de la existencia, cuando esta está marcada por el sufrimiento (...) y la enfermedad. Se indica que la empatía interviene en la toma de decisiones de la práctica clínica. El análisis detallado de los niveles de empatía, su manifestación en la personalidad de los entrevistados y cómo esta interviene en la toma de decisiones comprueban los beneficios de un trabajo enfocado en defender la intangibilidad de la vida humana y la dignidad de la persona. (shrink)

“Explanation” refers to a wide range of activities, with a family resemblance between them. Most satisfactory explanations in a discipline for a domain fail to satisfy some general desiderata, while fulfilling others. This can happen in various ways. Why? An idealizing response would be to say that in real science explanations fall short along some dimensions, so that for any explanatory failure there is a conceivable improvement that addresses its shortcomings. The improvement may be more accurate causally or possess more (...) unifying power, or deliver deeper understanding. We formulate a drastically less idealizing response. We argue that there are typically trade-offs in explanation, so that in strengthening one explanatory virtue one will usually weaken another. Scientific explanations, if this is correct, are constrained by such trade-offs. Particular trade-offs are appropriate for particular explanatory vehicles. There are the overarching equations of theoretical physics, which produce unification at the expense of causal detail; there are theoretical models of phenomena that occupy a middle ground between generality and the detailed workings of particular cases and get closer to explaining the workings of specific systems at the expense of unification. Sometimes experiments aim at general causal patterns at the expense of particular detail; and sometimes they are designed to give us information of particular detail at the expense of generality. There are further trade-offs associated with other vehicles of explanation. We provide examples from physics and biology. (shrink)

Neste texto, são expostos os pontos de vista do Kant crítico e do primeiro Fichte acerca de Deus, e as dificuldades tanto teóricas como prácticas que envolvem a concepção de um Deus teísta, quando se filosofa a partir de um método transcendental, de maneira que, mais do que de um Deus, se deveria falar antes do divino.

Immanuel Kant : La polímica sobre la Crítica de la razón pura. Introducción de Claudio La Rocca. Edición y traducción de Mario Caimi. Boadilla del Monte , Mónimo Tránsito y Antonio Machado Libros, 2002, 203 S. ISBN 84-7774-758-X. Kant verstehen. Understanding Kant. Über die Interpretation philosophischer Texte. Hrsg. von Dieter Schönecker und Thomas Zwenger. Darmstadt 2001, 344 S., ISBN 3-534-15207-7 2. unveränd. Auflage 2004. Maria Antonietta Pranteda: Il legno storto. I significati del male in Kant. Torino: Leo S. Olschki, 2002. (...) 377 S. ISBN 88-222-5084-2. Beatrice Centi : Coscienza, etica e architettonica in Kant. Uno studio attraverso le Critiche. Biblioteca di Studi Kantiani, Bd. 16. Pisa u. Rom: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2002, 286 S. ISBN 88-8147-307-0. (shrink)

Este texto analiza el proceso de descentralización política desarrollado en Latinoamérica desde la década de los ochenta hasta ahora. Explica sus logros en competencias y recursos mayores para los gobiernos locales y la emergencia del paradigma del “buen gobierno local”, con una gestión más participativa. No obstante, el proceso se ha detenido antes de consolidar cambios de fondo en la distribución del poder. La súbita aparición de la crisis mundial crea un nuevo escenario, donde podrían renacer las tendencias concentradoras de (...) los gobiernos centrales. Se propone aprovechar la difícil coyuntura actual para generar alternativas al modelo de crecimiento globalizado, mitigando sus rasgos depredadores y poco democráticos. Los municipios y sus asociaciones tienen mucho que aportar con sus experiencias de buen gobierno en la promoción del desarrollo endógeno. Para ello, hay que potenciar al movimiento asociativo municipal y construir alianzas con otros actores públicos y privados favorables a la democratización y al desarrollo local sustentable. (shrink)

Se problematizará el dispositivo de poder sexogenérico utilizando el análisis de la performance queer desde la perspectiva de Butler. Para esto, por un lado se abordará el decir veraz en los diálogos de Platón y por otro lado el concepto de verdad moderno y sus implicancias normativas desde un punto de vista foucaultiano. Finalmente se explicará cómo la disrupción de las comunidades disidentes de género cumplen con los criterios parrhesiasticos, cómo esto le ha permitido confrontar los criterios modernos y el (...) aporte que esto podría significar para el quehacer filosófico. (shrink)

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is recognized as an essential molecule in the brain, where it regulates several neuronal activities, including cytoskeletal remodeling and synaptic transmission. While activity of Cdk5 has primarily been associated with neurons, there are now substantial data indicating that the kinase's activity and function are more general. An increasing body of evidence has established Cdk5 kinase activity, the presence of the Cdk5 activators, p35 and p39, and Cdk5 functions in non‐neuronal cells, including myocytes, pancreatic β‐cells, monocytic and (...) neutrophilic leucocytes, glial cells and germ cells. In this review, we present the diverse roles of Cdk5 in several extraneuronal paradigms. The unique properties of each of the different cell types appear to involve distinct means of Cdk5 regulation and function. The potential mechanisms through which Cdk5 regulates extraneuronal cell activities such as exocytosis, gene transcription, wound healing and senescence are discussed. BioEssays 28: 1023–1034, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Wide analysis of "María Teresa López de la Vieja, La pendiente resbaladiza. La práctica de la argumentación moral . Madrid y México, D.F.: Plaza y Valdés, 2010, 288 páginas.".