Results for 'McDonald, Michael D.'

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  1. New Waves in Metaethics By Michael Brady * New Waves in Truth By Cory D. Wright and Nikolaj J.L.L. Pedersen. [REVIEW]Fritz J. McDonald - 2013 - Analysis 73 (2):400-402.
    Review of New Waves in Metaethics, edited by Michael Brady; and New Waves in Truth, edited by Cory D. Wright and Nikolaj J.L.L. Pedersen.
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  2. Charitable conflicts of interest.Chris MacDonald, Michael McDonald & Wayne Norman - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 39 (1-2):67 - 74.
    This paper looks at conflicts of interest in the not-for-profit sector. It examines the nature of conflicts of interest and why they are of ethical concern, and then focuses on the way not-for-profit organisations are especially prone to and vulnerable to conflict-of-interest scandals. Conflicts of interest corrode trust; and stakeholder trust (particularly from donors) is the lifeblood of most charities. We focus on some specific challenges faced by charitable organisations providing funding for scientific (usually medical) research, and examine a case (...)
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  3.  49
    Moving Toward Evidence-Based Human Participant Protection.Michael McDonald & Susan Cox - 2009 - Journal of Academic Ethics 7 (1-2):1-16.
    There is near universal recognition that human participant protection is both morally and practically essential for all forms of research involving humans. Yet most of the discourse around human participant protection has focussed on norms—rules, regulations and governance arrangements—rather than on the actual effectiveness of these norms in achieving their ends—protecting participants from undue risk and ensuring respectful treatment as well as advancing the generation of useful knowledge. In recent years there has been increasing advocacy for evidence-based human participant protection (...)
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  4. A sensemaking approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness.Michael D. Mumford, Shane Connelly, Ryan P. Brown, Stephen T. Murphy, Jason H. Hill, Alison L. Antes, Ethan P. Waples & Lynn D. Devenport - 2008 - Ethics and Behavior 18 (4):315 – 339.
    In recent years, we have seen a new concern with ethics training for research and development professionals. Although ethics training has become more common, the effectiveness of the training being provided is open to question. In the present effort, a new ethics training course was developed that stresses the importance of the strategies people apply to make sense of ethical problems. The effectiveness of this training was assessed in a sample of 59 doctoral students working in the biological and social (...)
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  5. Second-order logic still wild.Michael D. Resnik - 1988 - Journal of Philosophy 85 (2):75-87.
  6. Second-order Logic Still Wild.Michael D. Resnik - 1988 - Journal of Philosophy 85 (2):75-87.
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  7. Learning to listen: Epistemic injustice and the child.Michael D. Burroughs & Deborah Tollefsen - 2016 - Episteme 13 (3):359-377.
    In Epistemic Injustice Miranda Fricker argues that there is a distinctively epistemic type of injustice in which someone is wronged specifically in his or her capacity as a knower. Fricker's examples of identity-prejudicial credibility deficit primarily involve gender, race, and class, in which individuals are given less credibility due to prejudicial stereotypes. We argue that children, as a class, are also subject to testimonial injustice and receive less epistemic credibility than they deserve. To illustrate the prevalence of testimonial injustice against (...)
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  8.  91
    How to determine the boundaries of the mind: a Markov blanket proposal.Michael D. Kirchhoff & Julian Kiverstein - 2019 - Synthese 198 (5):4791-4810.
    We develop a truism of commonsense psychology that perception and action constitute the boundaries of the mind. We do so however not on the basis of commonsense psychology, but by using the notion of a Markov blanket originally employed to describe the topological properties of causal networks. We employ the Markov blanket formalism to propose precise criteria for demarcating the boundaries of the mind that unlike other rival candidates for “marks of the cognitive” avoids begging the question in the extended (...)
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  9.  89
    Articles: Validation of ethical decision making measures: Evidence for a new set of measures.Michael D. Mumford, Lynn D. Devenport, Ryan P. Brown, Shane Connelly, Stephen T. Murphy, Jason H. Hill & Alison L. Antes - 2006 - Ethics and Behavior 16 (4):319 – 345.
    Ethical decision making measures are widely applied as the principal dependent variable used in studies of research integrity. However, evidence bearing on the internal and external validity of these measures is not available. In this study, ethical decision making measures were administered to 102 graduate students in the biological, health, and social sciences, along with measures examining exposure to ethical breaches and the severity of punishments recommended. The ethical decision making measure was found to be related to exposure to ethical (...)
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  10. Autopoiesis, free energy, and the life–mind continuity thesis.Michael D. Kirchhoff - 2018 - Synthese 195 (6):2519-2540.
    The life–mind continuity thesis is difficult to study, especially because the relation between life and mind is not yet fully understood, and given that there is still no consensus view neither on what qualifies as life nor on what defines mind. Rather than taking up the much more difficult task of addressing the many different ways of explaining how life relates to mind, and vice versa, this paper considers two influential accounts addressing how best to understand the life–mind continuity thesis: (...)
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  11. Set Theory and its Philosophy: A Critical Introduction.Michael D. Potter - 2004 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    Michael Potter presents a comprehensive new philosophical introduction to set theory. Anyone wishing to work on the logical foundations of mathematics must understand set theory, which lies at its heart. Potter offers a thorough account of cardinal and ordinal arithmetic, and the various axiom candidates. He discusses in detail the project of set-theoretic reduction, which aims to interpret the rest of mathematics in terms of set theory. The key question here is how to deal with the paradoxes that bedevil (...)
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  12.  43
    Evaluating Ethics Education Programs: A Multilevel Approach.Michael D. Mumford, Logan Steele & Logan L. Watts - 2015 - Ethics and Behavior 25 (1):37-60.
    Although education in the responsible conduct of research is considered necessary, evidence bearing on the effectiveness of these programs in improving research ethics has indicated that, although some programs are successful, many fail. Accordingly, there is a need for systematic evaluation of ethics education programs. In the present effort, we examine procedures for evaluation of ethics education programs from a multilevel perspective: examining both within-program evaluation and cross-program evaluation. With regard to within-program evaluation, we note requisite designs and measures for (...)
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  13. Environmental influences on ethical decision making: Climate and environmental predictors of research integrity.Michael D. Mumford, Stephen T. Murphy, Shane Connelly, Jason H. Hill, Alison L. Antes, Ryan P. Brown & Lynn D. Devenport - 2007 - Ethics and Behavior 17 (4):337 – 366.
    It is commonly held that early career experiences influence ethical behavior. One way early career experiences might operate is to influence the decisions people make when presented with problems that raise ethical concerns. To test this proposition, 102 first-year doctoral students were asked to complete a series of measures examining ethical decision making along with a series of measures examining environmental experiences and climate perceptions. Factoring of the environmental measure yielded five dimensions: professional leadership, poor coping, lack of rewards, limited (...)
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  14.  27
    A Qualitative Approach to Responsible Conduct of Research Training Development: Identification of Metacognitive Strategies.Michael D. Mumford, Elaine S. Godfrey, Sydney T. Sevier, Richard T. Marcy & Vykinta Kligyte - 2008 - Science and Engineering Ethics 14 (1):33-39.
    Although Responsible Conduct of Research training is common in the sciences, the effectiveness of RCR training is open to question. Three key factors appear to be particularly important in ensuring the effectiveness of ethics education programs: educational efforts should be tied to day-to-day practices in the field, educational efforts should provide strategies for working through the ethical problems people are likely to encounter in day-to-day practice, and educational efforts should be embedded in a broader program of on-going career development efforts. (...)
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  15.  76
    Michael Aeschliman on Scientism vs. Sapentia.Michael D. Aeschliman - 2009 - The Chesterton Review 35 (1/2):248-257.
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  16. Strategies in Forecasting Outcomes in Ethical Decision-Making: Identifying and Analyzing the Causes of the Problem.Michael D. Mumford, Chase E. Thiel, Jared J. Caughron, Xiaoqian Wang, Alison L. Antes & Cheryl K. Stenmark - 2010 - Ethics and Behavior 20 (2):110-127.
    This study examined the role of key causal analysis strategies in forecasting and ethical decision-making. Undergraduate participants took on the role of the key actor in several ethical problems and were asked to identify and analyze the causes, forecast potential outcomes, and make a decision about each problem. Time pressure and analytic mindset were manipulated while participants worked through these problems. The results indicated that forecast quality was associated with decision ethicality, and the identification of the critical causes of the (...)
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  17. Towards a Contemporary Theodicy: Based on Critical Review of John Hick, David Griffin and Sri Aurobindo.Michael Mcdonald - 1995 - Dissertation, University of Hawai'i
    The author seeks to make the fewest changes that would allow Christianity to withstand the challenges of the problem of evil . The project includes a critical review of the theodicies of John Hick and David Griffin, and also draws upon the thought of Sri Aurobindo. ;From Augustinian thought, the author retains the emphasis upon moral evil. He argues that any theodicy resolving moral evil also resolves natural evil, and that natural evil, as such, would not create major barriers to (...)
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  18.  11
    Culture, Political Obligation and Ideology.Michael McDonald - 1988 - Philosophie Et Culture: Actes du XVIIe Congrès Mondial de Philosophie 2:319-323.
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  19. Edgar Z. Friedenberg, Deference to Authority: The Case of Canada Reviewed by.Michael McDonald - 1981 - Philosophy in Review 1 (2/3):72-74.
     
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  20. Health, Health Care, and Culture: Diverse Meanings, Shared Agendas.Michael McDonald - 2006 - In Joan Anderson, Arthur Blue, Michael Burgess, Harold Coward, Robert Florida, Barry Glickman, Barry Hoffmaster, Edwin Hui, Edward Keyserlingk, Michael McDonald, Pinit Ratanakul, Sheryl Reimer Kirkham, Patricia Rodney, Rosalie Starzomski, Peter Stephenson, Khannika Suwonnakote & Sumana Tangkanasingh (eds.), A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on Health Care Ethics. Wilfrid Laurier Press. pp. 92-112.
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  21.  12
    Justice in Hard Times.Michael McDonald - 1982 - Bowling Green Studies in Applied Philosophy 4:34-43.
  22.  13
    Philosophy in Canada.Michael McDonald - 1986 - Dialogue 25 (1):3-.
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  23.  43
    Attuning to the World: The Diachronic Constitution of the Extended Conscious Mind.Michael D. Kirchhoff & Julian Kiverstein - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
  24.  74
    Wittgenstein's notes on logic.Michael D. Potter - 2009 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    The book features the complete text of the Notesi in a critical edition, with a detailed discussion of the circumstances in which they were compiled, leading to ...
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  25. Predictive processing, perceiving and imagining: Is to perceive to imagine, or something close to it?Michael D. Kirchhoff - 2018 - Philosophical Studies 175 (3):751-767.
    This paper examines the relationship between perceiving and imagining on the basis of predictive processing models in neuroscience. Contrary to the received view in philosophy of mind, which holds that perceiving and imagining are essentially distinct, these models depict perceiving and imagining as deeply unified and overlapping. It is argued that there are two mutually exclusive implications of taking perception and imagination to be fundamentally unified. The view defended is what I dub the ecological–enactive view given that it does not (...)
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  26.  27
    A note about Martin Gardner.Michael D. Aeschliman - 1990 - The Chesterton Review 16 (2):113-113.
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  27.  11
    Autarchy and interest.Michael F. McDonald - 1978 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 56 (2):109 – 125.
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  28.  18
    After virtue, taking rights seriously.Michael McDonald - 1986 - Journal of Business Ethics 5 (1):21 - 28.
    In this paper, I address the question, Who are the political and ideological opponents of liberalism? I suggest that Dworkin's way of dividing liberals from their conservative opponents over the issue of pluralism fails to get at the main issue of redistribution. But arguments for and against redistribution share a common pluralistic conception of politics and morals, viz., that they are to be conceived in terms of an agreement amongst autonomous individuals who are each trying to maximize their own welfares.I (...)
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  29.  12
    Critical notice.Michael McDonald - 1982 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 12 (2):375-389.
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  30.  23
    Can Serious Rights Be Taken Seriously?Michael McDonald - 1979 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 9 (1):23 - 41.
    In his book, Taking Rights Seriously Prof. Dworkin argues that all elements of society — citizens, legislature, and courts — ought to be ‘taking rights seriously’ in reaching decisions both about the actions and design of public institutions. This has two aspects. First in accord with traditional rights-centred views, there are certain ways of treating individuals that rights rule out. Formally, rights are ‘political trumps held by individuals’; they deny society certain kinds of access to collective goals. Materially, rights can (...)
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  31.  22
    Case Studies: Which Clients Should a Sheltered Workshop Serve?Michael McDonald & Stanley S. Herr - 1984 - Hastings Center Report 14 (5):52.
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  32.  3
    The Governance of Health Care Research Involving Human Subjects: Reflections on Ethical Policy for Science Research.Michael McDonald - 2001 - In Patricia Demers (ed.), Science and Ethics/La science et l'Éthique. University of Toronto Press. pp. 49-68.
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  33.  18
    Utilitarianism, Self-Forgetfulness, And Spontaneity.Michael McDonald - 1980 - Dialogue 19 (3):422-435.
    When we critically investigate a moral theory, such as utilitarianism, we are interested not only in the moral judgments such a theory would yield, but also in the attitudes and actions characteristic of the moral practitioner, in this case a utilitarian. For moral theories must be practical. Such theories can be distinguished in part from each other on the basis of he practices and attitudes adopted by their adherents. So it is fair to ask of any moral theory two basic (...)
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  34. Against the Minimalistic Reading of Epistemic Contextualism: A Reply to Wolfgang Freitag.Michael D. Ashfield - 2013 - Acta Analytica 28 (1):111-125.
    Several philosophers have argued that the factivity of knowledge poses a problem for epistemic contextualism (EC), which they have construed as a knowability problem. On a proposed minimalistic reading of EC’s commitments, Wolfgang Freitag argues that factivity yields no knowability problem for EC. I begin by explaining how factivity is thought to generate a contradiction out of paradigmatic contextualist cases on a certain reading of EC’s commitments. This reductio results in some kind of reflexivity problem for the contextualist when it (...)
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  35.  46
    Aspects of Scientific Explanation.Michael D. Resnik - 1966 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 27 (1):139-140.
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  36. Choices: An Introduction to Decision Theory.Michael D. Resnik - 1990 - Behavior and Philosophy 18 (2):73-78.
     
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  37. Feminist Epistemology and Social Epistemology: Another Uneasy Alliance.Michael D. Doan - 2024 - Apa Studies on Feminism and Philosophy 23 (2):11-19.
    In this paper I explore Phyllis Rooney’s 2003 chapter, “Feminist Epistemology and Naturalized Epistemology: An Uneasy Alliance,” taking guidance from her critique of naturalized epistemology in pursuing my own analysis of another uneasy alliance: that between feminist epistemology and social epistemology. Investigating some of the background assumptions at work in prominent conceptions of social epistemology, I consider recent analyses of "epistemic bubbles" to ask how closely such analyses are aligned with ongoing research in feminist epistemology. I argue that critical feminist (...)
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  38.  33
    Science without Numbers.Michael D. Resnik - 1983 - Noûs 17 (3):514-519.
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  39. Choices: An Introduction to Decision Theory.Michael D. Resnik - 1987 - Univ of Minnesota Press.
  40.  44
    Attentional SNARC: There’s something special about numbers.Michael D. Dodd, Stefan Van der Stigchel, M. Adil Leghari, Gery Fung & Alan Kingstone - 2008 - Cognition 108 (3):810-818.
  41.  15
    Arendt and the Legitimate Expectation for Hospitality and Membership Today.Michael D. Weinman - 2018 - Moral Philosophy and Politics 5 (1):127-149.
    What does the growing tide of displaced persons today teach us about the ongoing paradoxes of human rights regimes, which rely on the particular sovereignty of nation-states for their constitution and application but are framed and normatively justified as universal? Working with Arendt’s defense of ‘the right to have rights’ in response to the problem of statelessness which is the practical lynchpin of these historical and theoretical tensions, I specify that and why any person on earth, regardless of their legal (...)
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  42.  21
    Professional Decision-Making in Research : The Validity of a New Measure.Michael D. Mumford, Alison L. Antes, Kari A. Baldwin, Jillon S. Vander Wal, Raymond C. Tait, John T. Chibnall & James M. DuBois - 2016 - Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (2):391-416.
    In this paper, we report on the development and validity of the Professional Decision-Making in Research measure, a vignette-based test that examines decision-making strategies used by investigators when confronted with challenging situations in the context of empirical research. The PDR was administered online with a battery of validity measures to a group of NIH-funded researchers and research trainees who were diverse in terms of age, years of experience, types of research, and race. The PDR demonstrated adequate reliability and parallel form (...)
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  43.  51
    To Whistleblow or Not to Whistleblow: Affective and Cognitive Differences in Reporting Peers and Advisors.Michael D. Mumford, Shane Connelly, Alexandra E. MacDougall, Logan Steele, Paul Partlow, Megan Turner, Cory Higgs & Tristan McIntosh - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (1):171-210.
    Traditional whistleblowing theories have purported that whistleblowers engage in a rational process in determining whether or not to blow the whistle on misconduct. However, stressors inherent to whistleblowing often impede rational thinking and act as a barrier to effective whistleblowing. The negative impact of these stressors on whistleblowing may be made worse depending on who engages in the misconduct: a peer or advisor. In the present study, participants are presented with an ethical scenario where either a peer or advisor engages (...)
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  44.  51
    Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy.Michael D. Beaty (ed.) - 1990 - University of Notre Dame Press.
    Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy begins by presenting Plantingas essay, and the chapters that follow address issues in three traditional areas of interest to philosophers: epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.
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  45.  35
    The Limits of Moral Maturity.Michael D. K. Ing - 2015 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 14 (4):567-572.
  46. Harm to the unconceived.Michael D. Bayles - 1976 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 5 (3):292-304.
  47.  40
    Contemporary utilitarianism.Michael D. Bayles - 1968 - Garden City, N.Y.,: Anchor Books.
  48. Against Logical Realism.Michael D. Resnik - 1999 - History and Philosophy of Logic 20 (3-4):181-194.
    This paper argues against Logical Realism, in particular against the view that there are facts of matters of logic that obtain independently of us, our linguistic conventions and inferential practices. The paper challenges logical realists to provide a non-intuition based epistemology, one which would be compatible with the empiricist and naturalist convictions motivating much recent anti-realist philosophy of mathematics.
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  49. Lloyd's introduction to jurisprudence.Michael D. A. Freeman - 2001 - London: Sweet & Maxwell. Edited by Lloyd of Hampstead & Dennis Lloyd.
    Previous ed. by : Lord Lloyd of Hampstead and M.D.A. Freeman.
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  50.  7
    Computation and Mathematical Empiricism.Michael D. Resnik - 1989 - Philosophical Topics 17 (2):129-144.
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