In the Anthropology, the person has a self-organizing communicative structure, so person cannot be unique, lonely. This has been called by Polo: "Coexistence". It shows that the "Díada" (Duality) is richness, plenitude (fullness). This makes possible to mark the difference between two complementary person's types: the male person and the female person. They could be called: "coexistence-from" and "coexistence-in".

In the Anthropology, the person has a self-organizing communicative structure, so person cannot be unique, lonely. This has been called by Polo: «Coexistence». It shows that the «Díada» (Duality) is richness, plenitude (fullness). This makes possible to mark the difference between two complementary person’s types: the male person and the female person. They could be called: «coexistence-from» and «coexistence-in».

«Je propose ici de comprendre cette nouvelle constellation du monde global comme la dialectique entre le tous et le personne pour expliquer ce que je désignerai, de façon métaphorique, le retour de la piraterie dans cette nouvelle ère de la globalisation.» - Daniel Innerarity.

Cet article est la synthèse d’une recherche approfondie sur l’archétype de la déesse mère exposée dans mon livre, Mère terrible, la déesse dans la religion du Mexique ancien (2007). Ici est présenté un résumé schématique des changements et métamorphoses dans la conception de la divinité féminine tout au long d’une histoire de plus de 4000 ans (2500 avant à 1520 après J.‑C.). Voici certaines des questions qui guident la recherche : Comment les habitants du Mexique ancien concevaient‑ils le mystère de (...) la féminité? Quelle relation mythique détient la déesse avec le miracle de la germination du maïs? Quelle place occupe la déesse, symbole cosmique de la naissance et de la mort, dans la société sacrificielle et guerrière des Aztèques? (shrink)

El suroriente de la península de Yucatán se transformó de ser un territorio de emancipación para los mayas en el siglo XVII en una región disputada por los imperios británico y español durante el XVIII. En este conflicto, destaca el papel de los mayas como actores históricos.

El objetivo es la creación de una metodología de acercamiento a los estudiantes de canto, a través de la facilitación del aprendizaje de la didáctica vocal desde la perspectiva de la Cantoterapia y el Counseling, para que los profesores de canto trabajen con sus alumnos en tiempos de crisis personal o colectiva. Se analizarán los resultados de un cuestionario que involucra a 10 alumnos del curso desde el 2020 al 2022. Los Siete Momentos Básicos de la Clase de Canto han (...) sido vinculados con los Cinco Elementos Esenciales de la Intervención Inmediata y Masiva de Trauma a Medio Plazo de Hobfoll y colegas. (shrink)

Human beings have been spending a lot of time in front of a screen for many years. Through the computer and other electronic devices, we interact with our friends and colleagues, we maintain contact with our relatives, we carry out part of our work, we study and we carry out leisure activities. Despite the many advantages that all this has brought to our lives, ethical and social problems have also arisen. Although these electronic devices have become increasingly immersive and interactive, (...) virtual reality seems to present a qualitative leap. In this chapter we will analyse how big this jump is, we will review the ethical problems that may appear, we will ask ourselves if they are really new and we will study how and to what extent we can face them. (shrink)

The ethic of care has often been opposed to the ethic of justice as offering a different and even a contradictory approach to moral problems. This article argues that, from the perspective of the discourse ethic, both approaches are complementary in a very fundamental sense, since each one applies to one of two stages of moral reasoning that are as different as they are interconnected. It argues, in particular, that while justice is concerned with the justification and elaboration of norms, (...) care is concerned with finding a solution for specific moral situations. The article then places considerations of care at the centre of ideal discourse and subordinates the importance of rational understanding and moral justification to intuitive communication. (shrink)

En replaçant les travaux de Philippe Walter dans les cadres historique et théorique des analyses bachelardiennes et durandiennes sur l’imaginaire, Blanca Solares met en évidence les apports spécifiques de ses thèses, tant du point de vue méthodologique que du point de vue idéologique. Cette entreprise de reconstruction des présupposés conceptuels de Philippe Walter permet de souligner l’importance d’une réévaluation en profondeur d’un imaginaire médiéval trop souvent compris à l’aune d’une conception simplificatrice de la christianisation, tout en montrant la nécessité (...) d’une approche nuancée et renouvelée des sources traditionnelles. By putting the work of Philippe Walter in the historical and theoretical contexts of the Bachelard and Durand’s analysis on the imaginary, Blanca Solares highlights the specific contributions of his theses, both from methodological and ideological points of view. This reconstruction effort on the conceptual presuppositions of Philippe Walter serves to accentuate the importance of a thorough revaluation of a medieval imaginary too often understood, at the beginning of a simplified design to the Christianization, while showing the need for a nuanced and renewed approach to traditional sources. Al situar las investigaciones de Philippe Walter dentro del marco histórico-teórico de los análisis de Bachelard y Durand sobre el imaginario, Blanca Solares evidencia sus aportes específicos, tanto metodológicos como ideológicos. Esta labor de reconstrucción de los fundamentos conceptuales de Philippe Walter muestra cuánto importa cambiar el enfoque al imaginario medieval empobrecido por unas aproximaciones a la cristianización demasiado simplificadoras y justifica plenamente una aproximación renovada y fina a las fuentes tradicionales. (shrink)

Una de las críticas más habituales contra el utilitarismo consiste en señalar su incapacidad para reconocer la relevancia moral de la distinción entre acciones y omisiones. Según esta crítica, afirmar la irrelevancia de esta distinción 1) va en contra de las intuiciones del sentido común, 2) elimina la diferencia entre lo obligatorio y lo meritorio y 3) hace inviable la propuesta utilitarista, al proponer una moral demasiado exigente. En este trabajo nos centraremos en el segundo aspecto de esta crítica, y (...) defenderemos que el utilitarismo sí dispone de los medios para distinguir entre lo obligatorio y lo meritorio. Asimismo, defenderemos que l utilitarismo no necesita renunciar a afirmar la irrelevancia moral de la distinción entre acciones y omisiones para responder adecuadamente a esas críticas. Para ello, nos valdremos fundamentalmente del análisis ofrecido por John S. Mill en el capítulo cinco de su obra Utilitarismo, en el que a nuestro juicio puede encontrase la versión clásica de la respuesta a esta crítica, que de una u otra manera los utilitaristas contemporáneos han asumido y desarrollado. (shrink)

Apoyándose en la Teoría de la Elección Racional y en el contractualismo, Gauthier intenta derivar la moralidad como una restricción en la maximización de la utilidad justificada por la razón a partir de una situación y unos agentes moralmente neutrales. El mantenimiento de los acuerdos satisfactorios sería racionalmente justificable incluso en ausencia de restricciones externas. En este artículo analizamos la argumentación ofrecida por Gauthier en apoyo de su contractualismo moral y defendemos que, en determinadas situaciones, los acuerdos cuyo cumplimiento apoya (...) la razón son, siguiendo a Hobbes, los apoyados por restricciones externas. From Contractualism and the Theory of Rational Choice, Gauthier attempts to infer morality as a rationally justified restriction of utility maximization when considering a situation involving morally neutral agents. Even in absence of external constraints, satisfactory agreements should be kept for a purely rational justification. In this paper, we analyze the reasons offered by Gauthier in favor of a moral contractarianism and, following Hobbes, defend that in particular situations the agreements sustained by reason are those that are also sustained by external constraints. (shrink)

The strict lockdown experienced in Spain during March–June 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis has led to strong negative emotions. Music can contribute to enhancing wellbeing, but the extent of this effect may be modulated by both personal and context-related variables. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the two types of variables on the perceived efficacy of musical behaviors to fulfill adults’ emotional wellbeing-related goals during the lockdown established in Spain. Personal variables included age, gender, musical (...) training, personality, resilience, and perception of music’s importance. Contextual variables referred to living in a region with a high COVID-19 impact, perception of belonging to a risk group, being alone, having caring responsibilities during confinement, and amount of time of music listening as compared to prior to the crisis. The study was conducted retrospectively during August–December 2020, when the strict lockdown was over in Spain. An online survey was disseminated among the general population and groups of musicians, and the answers of 507 adults were analyzed. Only personal, but not COVID-19 context-related variables, showed an impact on music’s efficacy. The youngest age group of adults and those with musical training reported the highest efficacy of music for wellbeing enhancement, and music’s importance was found to be the main significant predictor of music’s perceived efficacy. Our findings suggest that the people who have been reported to be emotionally more vulnerable during the lockdown, due to either a strong impact on their daily lives or their lower resilience, perceive a higher benefit from musical behaviors. Being musically trained, even for a small number of years, also leads to a perception of higher efficacy of music for the achievement of emotional wellbeing goals. However, this effect is explained by the musically trained individuals’ higher perception of music’s importance. Although musical behaviors can be generally considered as important for wellbeing enhancement, our study highlights who are the potential individuals who could benefit the most from music-related activities for obtaining better levels of wellbeing, at least within the current context of the COVID-19 crisis. (shrink)

When discussing genetic prenatal enhancement, we often encounter objections related to “eugenics.” Those who want to defend prenatal enhancement either try to avoid using the term “eugenics” or talk about “liberal eugenics”, implying that what was wrong with the old eugenics was its coercive character, and claiming that while old eugenics went against reproductive freedom, the new liberal eugenics promotes freedom. In this paper we first explore the objection that genetic enhancement is a form of eugenics that limits parental freedom. (...) We then show how the same objection appears in other bioethical debates. Finally, we answer the objection, showing that genetic enhancement does not limit reproductive freedom in any important sense. (shrink)

Ante la falta o disminución de la motivación de los alumnos universitarios la enseñanza, y con ello la Universidad se ve en la tesitura de poner en práctica nuevas metodologías más activas y motivantes que permitan a los alumnos tener un rol más protagonista en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que el que han tenido hasta ahora.En el este artículo se expone una experiencia que consiste en el diseño de un escape room on line enmarcado en el Máster en (...) Educación Especial. Se plantea como objetivo motivar a los alumnos y facilitar el aprendizaje de la asignatura. (shrink)

The ethic of care has often been opposed to the ethic of justice as offering a different and even a contradictory approach to moral problems. This article argues that, from the perspective of the discourse ethic, both approaches are complementary in a very fundamental sense, since each one applies to one of two stages of moral reasoning that are as different as they are interconnected. It argues, in particular, that while justice is concerned with the justification and elaboration of norms, (...) care is concerned with finding a solution for specific moral situations. The article then places considerations of care at the centre of ideal discourse and subordinates the importance of rational understanding and moral justification to intuitive communication. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the treatment/enhancement distinction as employed by those against using the newest biomedical technologies for purposes other than those strictly curative. First, we analyze the most common definitions related to treatment, such as health, disease or medicine, showing their limitations and problems. Secondly, we consider three different tasks usually assigned to the treatment/enhancement distinction: 1) to establish what we owe to others, 2) to establish what should be included as part of a medical (...) insurance system and 3) to distinguish the morally permissible from the morally impermissible. We conclude that the treatment/enhancement distinction is a useful, if limited, tool for the first two tasks, but an inadequate one for the third. (shrink)

Este trabajo versa sobre la aplicación del principio de precaución a un caso concreto: los organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG). Está estructurado del modo siguiente. En primer lugar, nos centramos en los OMG, intentando aclarar el significado de los términos “organismo modificado genéticamente” y “transgénico”, ofreciendo un breve recorrido por su historia y dibujando a grandes rasgos los riesgos y beneficios que pueden procurar. A continuación, nos ocupamos del tratamiento de los OMG en algunas de las regulaciones principales en las que (...) se apela al principio de precaución y las distintas opiniones que críticos y defensores de la nueva tecnología tienen sobre su aplicación. Tras argumentar que la diversidad de opiniones se debe, al menos en parte, a la ambigüedad del propio principio, analizamos las diversas variantes en las que este se presenta. Para concluir, intentamos establecer qué tipo de precaución resulta adecuada en el caso de los OMG. (shrink)

Throughout History, several arguments have been presented to support that though there are multiple intermediate ends, there is a single ultimate end. In this paper, we analyse the two possible lines of argument, one formal and the other of substantive nature. Both originate in Aristotle, but neither of them are conclusive in my opinion.

Utilitarianism and democracy had always been related, to the point that for same authors democracy is nothing but political utilitarianism. Though his claim can be challenged, utilitarians had always supported democracy. However, their main arguments and proposals had been remarkably different. In this paper we analyze these differences in terms both of the intrinsic differences in their theoretical proposals and of the changing historical and political context.