How should we undertand the role of norms—especially epistemic norms—governing assertive speech acts? Mitchell Green (2009) has argued that these norms play the role of handicaps in the technical sense from the animal signals literature. As handicaps, they then play a large role in explaining the reliability—and so the stability (the continued prevalence)—of assertive speech acts. But though norms of assertion conceived of as social norms do indeed play this stabilizing role, these norms are best understood as deterrents and not (...) as handicaps. This paper explains the stability problem for the maintenance of animal signals, and so human communication, for we are animals too, after all; the mechanics of the handicap principle; the role of deterrents and punishments as an alternative mechanism; and the role of social norms governing assertion for the case of human communication. (shrink)

La catégorie des anormaux, dont Foucault fait la généalogie dans son cours de 1974-1975 au Collège de France, a complètement disparu au début du XXe siècle. Par l'extension illimitée de l'anormal qu'elle permettait et par la somatisation de toutes les pathologies physiques ou mentales qui la soutenait, cette catégorie peut cependant être rapprochée de notre notion actuelle de « handicap », et tout particulièrement des handicaps psychiques. Ce rapprochement permet d'apprécier ce qui a changé dans notre rapport aux normes. L'intégration (...) sociale et la modification des anormaux a remplacé leur exclusion et contention. Mais l'inquiétude des normes est toujours aussi forte, et s'articule désormais autour d'une recherche de sécurité dont le handicap est l'expression. La méthode généalogique permet ainsi l'étude des lignes de fracture de cette notion, révélatrice des problèmes que produisent notre volonté de prendre médicalement en charge de supposés incurables. (shrink)

Si la notion de handicap ne cesse de progresser sur les plans tant déontologique que descriptif, l’évolution des mentalités, elle, reste en retard. La réalité du handicap génère toujours peurs et représentations contradictoires au sein de notre société. Le regard porté sur cette différence stigmatise et plonge les sujets dans des modalités relationnelles complexes. Être parent d’un enfant en situation de handicap, c’est porter une part de son stigmate. L’interaction entre le social et le familial produit des tensions qui deviennent (...) de véritables conflits psychiques au sein du groupe familial. L’article explore les mécanismes sociopsychologiques en œuvre. Il semble que certains parents vont progressivement, sous l’effet conjoint de leur propre histoire infantile et des messages sociaux concernant le handicap, mettre en place des mécanismes défensifs principalement marqués par l’évitement du lien à l’autre. (shrink)

Si la notion de handicap ne cesse de progresser sur les plans tant déontologique que descriptif, l’évolution des mentalités, elle, reste en retard. La réalité du handicap génère toujours peurs et représentations contradictoires au sein de notre société. Le regard porté sur cette différence stigmatise et plonge les sujets dans des modalités relationnelles complexes. Être parent d’un enfant en situation de handicap, c’est porter une part de son stigmate. L’interaction entre le social et le familial produit des tensions qui deviennent (...) de véritables conflits psychiques au sein du groupe familial. L’article explore les mécanismes sociopsychologiques en œuvre. Il semble que certains parents vont progressivement, sous l’effet conjoint de leur propre histoire infantile et des messages sociaux concernant le handicap, mettre en place des mécanismes défensifs principalement marqués par l’évitement du lien à l’autre. (shrink)

Through Quebec universities, the population of students with emerging disabilities is higher than the population of students with physical disabilities. Within our university, the social work’s departement has the largest proportion of students with emerging disabilities. The varied challenges faced by these students with mental or neurodevelopmental disorders during their theoretical training tend to increase during internships, leading to extensions, dropouts or failures. The aim of this article is to describe the structure that has been developped to support these social (...) work students. (shrink)

À partir d’une pratique clinique et de recherche, cet article traite de la parentalité dans le cas où le père et/ou la mère présentent une déficience cognitive. Il souligne que cette parentalité est négativement impactée par le regard social stigmatisant, des réseaux sociaux souvent retreints et des modalités d’accompagnement dont les normes sont peu compréhensibles et lisibles pour les parents. Face à cela, l’article propose : 1) de développer un travail conjoint entre normes des professionnels et normes des parents ; (...) 2) d’ouvrir davantage sur des situations de coparentalité ; 3) de favoriser les échanges entre parents ayant une déficience cognitive et avec eux le développement du partage d’expériences. Le partage d’émotions, d’affects, de rêves et de cauchemars devant commencer dès l’enfance. (shrink)

It is unclear what we should make of a policy designed to eradicate' genetically based handicap, and in particular whether it constitutes discrimination against people with a genetic handicap. After brief reference to the legal position, four arguments are examined which purport to justify differential treatment of handicapped lives either before conception or before birth: the argument from genetic error', the argument from parental responsibility, the argument from social consequences and the argument from impersonal harm. Weaknesses are detected in (...) each of these arguments, and the conclusion is drawn that, although differential treatment of handicapped lives is sometimes justified, there are some circumstances in which it does amount to discrimination. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this paper we compare philosophical and contemporary psychological approaches to mental handicap. Careful comparison between the disciplines reveals major differences and indicates that much further work is needed which would be fruitful for both sides. The two disciplines concentrate on different questions: philosophy tends to look chiefly at mental handicap in relation to issues of personhood and is not very clear about what mental handicap is; psychology on the other hand is much more specific about mental handicap, but (...) shows little concern with critically examining value issues. Our main intention is to explore the different ways in which mental handicap is defined and seen as a class. We conclude that class definition embodies a significant normative component and a large element of social construction. To ignore this and attempt to make normative judgements on the basis of class membership is thus highly problematic. Since within philosophy, these normative issues are often discussed in terms of personhood, this category is also critically examined and the conclusion is reached that it too has normative and social components which can lead to ethically dubious judgements being made about ‘the mentally handicapped’. (shrink)

Tenue le 6 novembre 2021, à l’Hôtel de Ville de Grenoble, dans le cadre du débat « Validisme, intersectionnalité, lutte pour les droits », cette conférence vise à examiner différents biais sur lequel repose l’invisibilisation des artistes handicapé·e·s. J’y explique notamment comment, pendant longtemps, il m’a été impensable d’être artiste : plus qu’inatteignable, cet horizon m’était inimaginable. C’est l’occasion de revenir sur la production sociale de cet inimaginable, ainsi que sur les moyens mis en œuvre pour déverrouiller mon imaginaire et (...) me sentir peu à peu légitime à me définir comme artiste. (shrink)

Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions.Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities. Moreover, we recruited 318 patients, which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders.Results: The degree of magical ideation (...) and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation. (shrink)

Thirty Israeli disabled people were asked to describe their most memorable interactions with mass mediated images of disability as part of a tentative endeavor to delve into their reception patterns. Two stereotypes are discussed in this paper, namely the supercrip and the pitiful disabled. The interviewees seek examples to corroborate their belief that physical, social, and cultural obstacles can be overcome. Highly regarded supercrips embody one example as ‘regular’ people are especially coveted. Well-known, successful disabled people are put on a (...) pedestal for their demonstrated ability to triumph. This triumph is used to validate the disabled individual and to alter societal perceptions. Consequently, the wish to see disabled who ‘have done it’ is particularly intense while the pitiful disabled trigger antipathy because they reproduce and reinforce disabled people's inferior positionality and exclusion. (shrink)

The concept of craniofacial difference refers to a set of innate or acquired features causing facial abnormalities. While craniofacial difference is usually understood as an individual fact and is currently overlooked in the definitions of disability that govern disability policies, this study addresses it in its disregarded social dimensions, as shown in a case of the Supreme Court of Canada in 2021. The study then proposes a theological reflection on how the craniofacial anomaly destabilizes certain cultural patterns that guide our (...) visions of the world and how it invites us to engage in a different relationship to reality and meaning. (shrink)

In the United States, handicapped parking spaces tether the social construction of need to the legal assurance of equality of accessibility. However in places such as Fenway Park in Boston, the threat of terror distorts the intention of these spaces by politically reconfiguring their presence and meaning. As a result, our public interest is legally manipulated and socially challenged to preference the abstraction of threat over real life in even the most ordinary of places.

During the mid 1980s, the renowned American documentary filmmaker Fred Wiseman produced a four-part series of films that sought to record the operations of institutions in Talladega, Alabama, devoted to the care and training of people with disabilities. These films—designated as the Multi-handicapped Series—have received much less attention than Wiseman's earlier work, as if films about disability mark a drastic departure from his previous award-winning productions, such as Titicut Follies (1965) and Hospital (1970). The Multi-handicapped Series takes up (...) general categories of disabled populations as discrete documentary topics, Deaf (1986), Blind (1986), Multi-handicapped (1986) and Adjustment & Work (1986) as opposed to a specific location as in his earlier films. As a result, the latter series of films identify social and interpersonal structures developed in the name of specific conditions. Like Foucault's research on disciplinary tactics, Wiseman's films seek out many of the segregated social spaces typically occupied by persons classified as deviant: prisons, hospitals, charity networks, sheltered workshops, resident facilities, and vocational training structures. The Multi-handicapped Series focuses on the activities of professions and practitioners in education, administration, and therapy, as well as the institutional roles designed for bodies marked as disabled. Unlike its 19th century predecessor classification, feebleminded, the latter twentieth century U.S. policy answer has been waged as a matter of dividing disabilities into a binary structure of orthopedic or cognitive categories. Such a development has left many crossover bodies in a diagnostic no-body's-land. To analyze the history of these developments, this essay recognizes the formation of today's disability category as an effect of new regimes of power; a form of domination based upon the application of particularized diagnostic pathologies that provide the basis for cordoning off bodies which fail to fit neatly within the cognitive/orthopedic binary. As documents of the social spaces that are occupied by disabled people, Wiseman's films offer a rare contemplation of institutional practices and their application to populations viewed as nonnormative. (shrink)

The concept of school inclusion applied to disabled children knows an international distribution and is more or less used in national contexts, but with wide variations in interpretation. The concept of disability tends to be supplanted by other terms such as «special needs». These notional transformations are at the heart of the tensions that exist within the education system and also perform in their relations with various external partners, including experts of disability and parents. The major issues are those of (...) the educational finalities of the institutions and practices for these children: separate or common socialization, people development or acquisition of knowledge, perspectives of skilled labor or not etc. Among the possible approaches to the current problem, the first step is the analysis of the regulatory and institutional legislative, established in France for so-called «disabled» children. The second step is favored by the approach of ethnographic field which has the advantage of showing the representations and practices of actors in everyday life. The example developed is that of an elementary school in the city of Paris, which seeks to meet the challenge of hosting the difference while maintaining the goal of «academic excellence.» In this tension, how are teachers, specialists, parents, children with disabilities among their peers? What finally are the evolutions outlook? (shrink)

Dans les prises en charge éducatives d’adultes handicapés, il arrive que des parents imposent leur directive. L’auteur repère et analyse ce mode singulier du lien d’emprise en proposant la notion de fratrie imaginaire pour caractériser la relation dans laquelle sont pris ces professionnels auprès des parents. Dans une lutte d’appropriation du sujet, ils sont alors minorisés à hauteur des craintes qu’ils suscitent et de l’ampleur de la minorisation que les parents ont eux-mêmes subies auprès d’autres professionnels du secteur médico-social. Une (...) extension de l’enveloppe familiale peut être le fruit des parents comme de la fratrie réelle. Ceci étant, une fois l’éclairage intersubjectif réalisé, il va s’agir de trouver des moyens institutionnels pour restaurer un dialogue basé sur un fondement stable repositionnant les acteurs de l’institution sur un terrain professionnel. (shrink)

Le vieillissement des personnes en situation de handicap et l’évolution de leurs problématiques impliquent des besoins accrus en matière d’accompagnement et de soins. Dans les structures résidentielles du handicap, les éducateurs sociaux et les infirmiers sont de plus en plus amenés à travailler ensemble au sein d’équipes socio-éducatives. Basé sur les travaux de la sociologie des groupes professionnels et de la collaboration interprofessionnelle, cet article analyse la collaboration interprofessionnelle entre des éducateurs sociaux et des infirmiers dans les institutions du handicap (...) en Suisse romande, ceci à partir des regards croisés des professionnels concernés et des directions. Les entretiens apportent un éclairage sur les processus de redéfinition des territoires d'intervention entre les professions d'éducateur social et d'infirmier, par la mise en évidence de deux logiques institutionnelles de division du travail qui se développent dans les structures consultées, distinction formelle et non-distinction, des enjeux qu'elles soulèvent, ainsi que de la manière dont les professionnels se les approprient. Les résultats mettent également en exergue une bonne collaboration entre les deux professions, les champs de tension qui apparaissent ainsi que les éléments qui l'influencent. (shrink)

The human body has been a potent and persistent metaphor for social and political relations throughout human history. For example, different parts of the body have traditionally represented different social functions. We refer to the ‘head of state’ without really recognizing the metaphor, and the heart has been a rich source of ideas about life, imagination and emotions. The heart is the house of the soul and the book of life, and the ‘tables of the heart’ provided an insight into (...) the whole of Nature. The hand also plays an important role in conventional imagination regarding things that are beautiful (handsome) or damaged and incomplete (handicap). We can generalize from these diverse examples to argue that the fluids flowing from the inside of the body to the outside are regarded as socially dangerous and contaminating, because these fluids on the outside of the body directly challenge our sense of order and orderliness. This inside/outside division of the body combines with a wet/dry dichotomy to delineate these risky borders. Although leaking bodies have been a source of ancient metaphors of disorder, the modern world, that sociologists increasingly characterize by its liquidity, is peculiarly fascinated by flow as an image of global flexibility. The more our world is economically and militarily interconnected, the more we fear social fluidity. In political terms, asylum seekers and terrorists are thought not to respect our bodies or our borders; we are especially sensitive to their capacity to disrupt the solidity of sovereignty. In short, metaphors of the human body, even in an age of high technology, continue to shape the social and political imagination, but they are challenged by emerging metaphors of liquidity, that is by liquid modernity. (shrink)

This study was aimed at appraising the overall situation of social inclusion in the three southern border provinces of Thailand as well as comparing the results with the national level. The results of the analyses revealed significant difference between the social inclusion situation in the southern border provinces and the overall situation of the whole country in terms of last election voting rate; discrimination experienced because of social status, physical handicap, age, sexual harassment, gender, nationality, among others. Priority is given (...) to Thai students over immigrant students in college admission, and there is less chance of an immigrant becoming CEO of a Thai company. Opinions on the inequality between men and women are surveyed, such as who would be better political leaders, who could study at the university level, and who make better business executives. It also refers to the experience of difficulty in using public transport, and experience in using social care facilities for their household members. (shrink)

La catégorie des anormaux, dont Foucault fait la généalogie dans son cours de 1974-1975 au Collège de France, a complètement disparu au début du XXe siècle. Par l'extension illimitée de l'anormal qu'elle permettait et par la somatisation de toutes les pathologies physiques ou mentales qui la soutenait, cette catégorie peut cependant être rapprochée de notre notion actuelle de « handicap », et tout particulièrement des handicaps psychiques. Ce rapprochement permet d'apprécier ce qui a changé dans notre rapport aux normes. L'intégration (...) sociale et la modification des anormaux a remplacé leur exclusion et contention. Mais l'inquiétude des normes est toujours aussi forte, et s'articule désormais autour d'une recherche de sécurité dont le handicap est l'expression. La méthode généalogique permet ainsi l'étude des lignes de fracture de cette notion, révélatrice des problèmes que produisent notre volonté de prendre médicalement en charge de supposés incurables. (shrink)

La croissance de la population vieillissante en Amérique du Nord a un impact significatif sur nos politiques sociales. Ainsi, l’État québécois met à la disposition des personnes âgées une aide afin de faciliter le maintien à domicile. Qui a maintenant la responsabilité de répondre aux besoins des personnes âgées; est-ce la famille ou l’État? Si la réponse peut nous aider à formuler des politiques sociales équitables, elle nous pousse aussi à repenser le lien social à la lumière de la dépendance. (...) Dans un premier temps nous nous pencherons sur l’évolution de l’éthique de la sollicitude pour ensuite analyser les apports des études sur la production du handicap. Puisque la problématique de la dépendance s’avère cruciale dans ce débat, les écrits de deux théoriciens français, Albert Memmi et Bernard Ennuyer, nous aideront à élucider la question de la dépendance. Nous verrons par la suite comment ces divers apports peuvent nous amener à reconceptualiser le lien social.In this paper I examine whether care ethics can help to conceptualize a richer social ontology which would include a variety of individuals, not only productive ones, under the auspices of justice. In the first part of the paper, I consider the reasons why care ethics has not had a profound impact in political theorizing. Next I examine the troubled relationship of care ethics and disability. Recent writings on social contract theory, in particular those of Anita Silvers and Leslie Pickering as well as Lawrence Becker, argue that social contract theory can include profoundly disabled individuals and I contrast their proposals with that of care ethicists. By examining critical writings on dependency, I show that a strategy for a more inclusive social space needs to include social structures that recognize dependency as a human reality. I argue that care ethics, even if it may not be critical enough of the foundational concept of dependence, is helpful in understanding the role of the state in facilitating the recognition and the contribution of all persons within society. (shrink)

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio que explora la gestión de la responsabilidad social en trece hospitales de la Red Sanitaria de RS. Las conclusiones revelan que estos hospitales gestionan la RS profesionalmente y con criterios de calidad, orientados al cumplimiento de los ODS, en el marco del plan estratégico de cada hospital. Aunque, todavía se detectan déficits en su implantación departamental, su planificación, y la evaluación de sus impactos. Y debilidades como la falta de recursos y de liderazgo. (...) Para superarlos, el apoyo directivo del hospital resulta determinante. La Red Sanitaria de RS constituye un modelo de colaboración. (shrink)

The aim of such contribution is to present in a reflexive approach a project of teaching of qualitative and quantitative methods in master 1 of social sciences. It is based on congruent interests of the both methods for the multidisciplinary research investigations. The processes observed during the peer-tutelage actions are analyzed according to the approach of analysis of activity. The discussion investigates the interest of such teaching framework built in an active approach of learning as a bridge between theory of (...) methodology and practices of analyst. (shrink)

The International Panel on Social Progress is an independent association of top research scholars with the goal of assessing methods for improving the main institutions of modern societies. The IPSP has produced a report consisting of twenty-two chapters in three volumes that distills the research of these scholars and outlines what the best social science has to say about positive social change. Written in accessible language by scholars across the social sciences and humanities, these volumes assess the achievements of world (...) societies in past centuries, the current trends, the dangers that we are now facing, and the possible futures in the twenty-first century. It covers the main socio-economic, political, and cultural dimensions of social progress, global as well as regional issues, and the diversity of challenges and their interplay around the world. The authors offer a cautious optimistic conclusion: multiple ideas for social progress and better policies are already available and deserve to be tested and implemented. (shrink)