“El Árbol de Gernika es símbolo del bienestar de nuestro pueblo: no de ningún otro. Ni dentro de nuestro solar puede coexistir con ningún otro árbol”, escribía Sabino Arana en Euzkadi en septiembre de 1901. Esta concepción aranista del “nosaltres sols!” es el suelo interpretativo de la cosmovisión vasca, también de su historia negra de violencia. “No hay lugar en el mismo espacio geográfico para dos violencias legítimas, para dos soberanías, y el espacio geográfico de Euskal Herria es vasco (...) por definición en el caso de ETA, y ETA es la cristalización definitiva del pueblo vasco”, enlaza Joseba Arregi en el primero de los libros reseñados. La dialéctica entre el uno y el dos es la clave de bóveda de la construcción discursiva del tribalismo identitario. (shrink)

This paper examines undergraduate business students' perception of corporate social responsibility in cases in which they have not attended any specific course either dealing with CSR or providing training in ethics. A survey was conducted of 535 Spanish business students as future managers. The results show that the stakeholders' perspective deserves a huge attention for those students considering what the keys of business success are. Significant differences in perception were nevertheless identified when a multifactorial analysis was undertaken. Female students are (...) more concerned about CSR issues. The maximization of value for shareholders is less valued by second- and third-year students than by first-year ones. The findings point to a number of important orientations for the future development of university curriculum. (shrink)

En su libro Mind and nature Gregory Bateson elabora un argumento que él llama ‘convencional’ para concluir que “nunca podremos ser capaces de reclamar conocimiento definitivo en asunto alguno [final knowledge of anything whatsoever]”. La conclusión es correcta, pero el argumento es engañoso y desorienta más de lo que ayuda. Además, Bateson, disimuladamente, introduce algunas afirmaciones falsas en medio de premisas verdaderas. Revisarlo nos permitirá aclarar algunos malentendidos comunes en filosofía de la ciencia, además de ser la excusa perfecta para (...) esbozar una introducción a la interpolación polinomial de Lagrange y una pequeña reflexión sobre los límites del conocimiento. (shrink)

Cet article résume le contenu des doctrines non écrites attribuées à Platon ainsi que la démarche méthodique selon laquelle elles procèdent. Il atteste la présence de ces doctrines non écrites, notamment dans le Sophiste. L'article cherche à concilier entre elles la théorie des premiers principes et la métaphysique platonicienne, laquelle admet la transcendance théologique. En effet, en raison de la différence qui existe entre la Dyade du grand et du petit dans la sphère cosmologique et la Dyade dans le domaine (...) des Idées, le rôle de l'intellect démiurgique devient essentiel. Dès lors, réduire la métaphysique platonicienne à un système fondé sur la déduction, l'immanence et l'émanation est une position intenable. This article summarizes the content and the methodological proceedings of the unwritten doctrines ascribed to Plato, and documents their presence, which is to be found particularly in the Sophist. The article tries then to reconcile the first principles' theory with Platonic metaphysics, which admits the theological transcendency. It attempts to show that, because of the difference between the Dyad of great and small in the cosmological sphere and the Dyad of the ideal sphere, the role of the demiurgic Intellect becomes essential. This entails that the reduction of the Platonic metaphysics to a system based on deduction, immanence and emanation is untenable. (shrink)

La primera parte del presente estudio (J.M. Panea) aborda el pensamiento de Giambattista Vico en torno a conceptos como utopía, historia y deber; y muestra cómo Vico nos abre a una concepción trágica de la acción. La segunda parte (F.H. Llano) pretende realizar, desde un marco iusfilosófico, un análisis introspectivo que ponga de manifiesto los principales hitos y fundamentos del pensamiento jurídico viquiano, destacando en particular aquellos aspectos que, por su incidencia en la actual Teoría del Derecho, presentan un mayor (...) interés científico. (shrink)

Deleuze localizó en Platón el primer intento de administrar la diferencia mediante la cuádruple raíz de la representación. La noción de simulacro permitía identificar a la dialéctica platónica como un mecanismo de fundamentación. El objetivo de este texto consiste en dilucidar la función del simulacro allí donde el ejercicio dialéctico no está tematizado. La cuestión del simulacro adquiere importancia ético-política en los momentos en los que Platón se detiene en el hombre y la psyché. Al ampliar la lectura deleuzeana a (...) Fedón, República o Timeo, el problema de la exclusión de las malas copias encuentra nuevos límites. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar as relações entre a linguagem e a experiência (a que ela se refere) em Merleau-Ponty. Tento examinar quais as críticas de Meleau-Ponty a uma série de teorias da linguagem que ele considera "naturalizantes". Em seguida, vejo como significações ideiais são possíveis "emergindo" da experiência sensível. Creio ser possível relacionar esses dois patamares mediante o conceito husserliano de Fundierung e a estrutura temporal desse conceito.

Investigando o projeto merleau-pontiano de fundamentação das ciências humanas, notadamente a sociologia e a antropologia, este artigo procura compreender as críticas de Merleau-Ponty à ontologia marxista (de forma genérica) em Les Aventures de la Dialectique, ressaltando a impossibilidade de descrição, desse ponto de vista, das características ontológicas dos fenômenos históricos nos termos de uma totalização dialética da história.

The article defends the unification of criteria in the style of academic writing and its transmission thru publication. It includes information of the dossier published 2003 by the University of Granada with the title: “Norm evaluation, editorial quality and diffusion of scientific magazines published by University Complutense of Madrid Press”. It focus in one of the aspects most relevant of the publications: the information the authors must have if they want the greater impact and methodological quality of their publications. Along (...) four chapters it is made a selection of parameters and criteria the scientific publications must meet, following the new national and international standards. It is applied, also, to the implementation and items of the magazine Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofìa. Finally, a selection of norms, thesaurus, and style manuals is presented, with the explicit aim of facilitate the difficult road of the scientific communication. (shrink)

Leon Henkin (1921–2006) was not only an extraordinary logician, but also an excellent teacher, a dedicated professor and an exceptional person. The first two sections of this paper are biographical, discussing both his personal and academic life. In the last section we present three aspects of Henkin’s work. First we comment part of his work fruit of his emphasis on teaching. In a personal communication he affirms that On mathematical induction, published in 1969, was the favourite among his articles with (...) a somewhat panoramic nature and not meant exclusively to specialists. This subject is covered in the first subsection. Needless to say that we also analyse Henkin’s better known contribution: his completeness method. His renowned results on completeness for both type theory and first order logic were part of his thesis, The Completeness of Formal Systems, presented at Princeton in 1947 under the advise of Alonzo Church. It is interesting to note that he obtained the proof of completeness for first order logic readapting the argument for the theory of types. The last subsection is devoted to philosophy. The work most directly related to philosophy is an article entitled: Some Notes on Nominalism which appeared in the Journal of Symbolic Logic in 1953. Unfortunately, we are not covering his contribution to the field of cylindric algebras. As a matter of fact, Henkin spent many years investigating algebraic structures with Alfred Tarski and Donald Monk, among others. (shrink)

The growth of niche markets in rural industries has been one response to the restructuring of established agricultural industries in developed countries. In some cases entry into niche markets is part of a diversification of activities from other areas of farm-based production or services. In other cases, operators have sought to diversify from niche market production into other areas, such as on-site selling and agritourism. This paper outlines the findings of an exploratory qualitative study of the factors that olive farmers (...) in Western Australia take into account when considering diversification, with a special focus on diversification into servicing visitors in the form of on-site selling and agritourism. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted among 23 small olive growing operations located in the main olive growing region of Western Australia. Decision-making is shown to involve an assessment of risk, which is shaped by their appraisal of economic conditions, market opportunities, access to resources (including labor), and lifestyle factors. The argument is made that a fuller understanding of diversification is gained by studying both those who seek to diversify and those who do not, in contrast to most previous research that has only focussed on those who diversify. Also argued is that diversification is best seen as a continuum of adjustment strategies, which is guided by a combination of economic need, risk assessment (based largely on resource access), market potential, and lifestyle factors. (shrink)

In the context of macroevolutionary transitions, environmental changes prompted vertebrates already bearing genetic variations to undergo gradual adaptations resulting in profound anatomical, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. The emergence of new genes led to the genetic variation essential in metazoan evolution, just as was gene loss, both sources of genetic variation resulting in adaptive phenotypic diversity. In this context, F12‐coding protein with defense and hemostatic roles emerged some 425 Mya, and it might have contributed in aquatic vertebrates to the transition from (...) water‐to‐land. Conversely, the F12 loss in marine, air‐breathing mammals like cetaceans has been associated with phenotypic adaptations in some terrestrial mammals in their transition to aquatic lifestyle. More recently, the advent of technological innovations in western lifestyle with blood‐contacting devices and harmful environmental nanoparticles, has unfolded new roles of FXII. Environment operates as either a positive or a relaxed selective pressure on genes, and consequently genes are selected or lost. FXII, an old dog facing environmental novelties can learn new tricks and teach us new therapeutic avenues. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute as noções de cálculo e medida na obra de Nietzsche, mais especificamente na transição do seu período inicial para o período intermediário. Com isso, nossa intenção é explicitar como tais noções que soam tão pouco dionisíacas – e consequentemente, nietzschianas – podem fazer parte do conjunto da obra de Nietzsche e, mais ainda, serem essenciais para a compreensão de seu pensamento. Para que esse objetivo fosse alcançado, foram necessários os desdobramentos de conceitos como paixões e criação (...) na obra nietzschiana, fazendo reaparecer características do conceito de apolíneo, que são praticamente despercebidos uma vez que o filósofo combina seus dois conceitos anteriores. Porém, ao fazer isso, ele compartilha conosco sua ideia de “criar a si mesmo como obra de arte”. Por fim, tentamos deixar claro que quando introduzimos tais noções como cálculo e medida em sua filosofia, isso jamais o faz parecer um filósofo racionalista ou moralista, isto é, alguém que busque apresentar e estabelecer determinadas regras e normas de conduta consideradas apropriadas. (shrink)

Este estudio está basado en los Hechos de Pedro, un escrito apócrifo del Nuevo Testamento. El libro, que es en realidad una obra piadosa, popular y ejemplarizante, narra numerosos episodios de magia. Resulta de especial interés el pulso que mantienen Simón Pedro y Simón Mago, realizando prodigios y milagros sin fin en Roma. El trasfondo ideológico del escrito es un alegato contra la figura de los malos emperadores romanos, cuyo modelo es Nerón, personaje ridiculizado y tachado de asesino y perseguidor (...) de los cristianos. (shrink)

Ya han transcurrido más de cuarenta años que Ricardo y yo coincidimos en el instituto femenino de Oviedo, y desde entonces se forjó una intima amistad que perdura hasta hoy día sin interrupción alguna. Allí coincidimos con Alberto Hidalgo y de ahí surgió el proyecto de escribir una Historia de la filosofía para la editorial Anaya cuando ya nos habíamos separado, Ricardo trasladado a Madrid, Alberto a su cátedra de Avilés y yo a la mía en Gijón.

Experiencia educativa sobre el IES Jovellanos en Gijón España.

1. L'uomo, questa meraviglia : trattato sulla costituzione antropologica -- 2. L'uomo, questo paradosso : trattato sulla con-centrazione e condizione antropologica.

En el presente artículo se abordarán las relaciones entre Nietzsche y Platón, y Nietzsche y Darwin, a partir de las respectivas autocalificaciones nietzscheanas –a saber, su propia filosofía como ‘platonismo invertido’, y su postura ‘anti-Darwin’. A partir de esto, se buscará alcanzar tres objetivos: en primer lugar, establecer que la calificación nietzscheana de ‘Anti-Darwin’ no se sustenta ni en una oposición de tipo ontobiológico, ni en oposición a un carácter teleológico de algún tipo, sino, principalmente, en una ruptura axiológica; en (...) segundo lugar, mostrar la conexión entre la perspectiva nietzscheana y el platonismo, en divergencia con las perspectivas que, o ponen a Nietzsche en completa oposición al platonismo, o encuentran concordancia no con el platonismo, sino con Platón, o hallan plena continuidad entre uno y otro –el ‘Nietzsche metafísico’ heideggeriano. Finalmente, el tercer objetivo consistirá en mostrar que ambas autocalificaciones se hallan estructuralmente asociadas, es decir, que una no es completamente comprensible sin la otra. (shrink)

Desde tiempos inmemoriales, filosofía y teoría política han deambulado por senderos paralelos: en unas ocasiones, prestándose armas mutuamente; en otras, sin embargo, arrinconándose y asfixiándose. A causa de la complejidad de los sucesos acaecidos en el pasado siglo XX, a aquella conflictiva pero siempre enriquecedora relación se unieron compañeras como la teología, la sociología o la antropología, que desearon aportar algo de luz en el opaco contexto de las guerras mundiales, el desarrollo del nazismo, la Revolución rusa, la emergencia de (...) los fascismos, etc. En este novedoso libro, Roberto Navarrete Alonso se ocupa de dos figuras coetáneas y del todo fundamentales: Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) y Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929). El autor se propone, a partir del estudio conjunto de estos pensadores, reflexionar sobre el Holocausto, sobre la Shoah o Catástrofe, abriendo de nuevo el insoslayable problema de la vertiente política del mal y su acaecimiento en la historia. El presente volumen se hace cargo de un nexo tan capital como inexplorado en el seno del pensamiento político-filosófico de comienzos del XX, analizando las fuentes, los cruces, los encuentros y desencuentros que tuvieron lugar entre Schmitt –referencia inexcusable de la reflexión jurídico-política del pasado siglo– y Rosenzweig –autor de la La estrella de la redención–. (shrink)

This article considers for the first time the progressive Portuguese periodicals A Voz Feminina and O Progresso from a transnational perspective, with particular reference to contemporary debates about women’s suffrage in England as well as the wider emergence of transnational women’s networks around that time. It discusses the epistolary contact of the Principal Editor, Francisca Wood, with key radical figures such as Lydia Becker in England, Marie Goegg in Switzerland and André Léo in France, through an analysis of relevant editorials, (...) articles and correspondence received from abroad and published in the pages of the journals. Furthermore, it casts light on how Francisca Wood and her enlightened husband, William Thorold Wood, invoked the ongoing support of prominent men such as John Stuart Mill for the cause of women’s rights. Such a pioneer early feminism in Portugal was particularly remarkable in the 1860s – a context preceding the socio-political and cultural debates staged publicly in the 1871 Casino Lectures by the “Geração de 70” – which, furthermore, all but sidelined the “Woman Question.” The article concludes with a brief discussion of whether, notwithstanding Wood’s invisibility at the point of her death in 1900, she may have been behind a symbolically significant cultural intervention: the first translation of Jane Eyre into Portuguese, published in instalments from 1877 onwards in O Zoophilo. (shrink)

In the last few decades, the study of terminology has undergone a cognitive shift that has led to the development of several approaches that study the social, linguistic, and cognitive dimension of terms, such as Communicative Theory of Terminology (CTT) and Frame-Based Terminology (FBT). CTT was developed in the early 1990s and argues that the study of terminology should be based on a communicative perspective, taking into account aspects such as the communicators and the context of communication. FBT has been (...) developed from 2007 and uses certain aspects of Frame Semantics to conceptualise specialised domains and create non-language-specific representations through the analysis of the domain event and on the study of the behaviour of the terminological units in texts. The two theories share many of the same premises and propose the representation of the concepts of a domain in an ontology. FBT also proposes a representation in frames. We explore how these two methods of domain representation can be used to represent the terminology of the domain of seafood in Germany and Spain. (shrink)