L’objectif de cet article est de questionner l’opposition classique entre la connaissance tacite et la connaissance explicite et de montrer qu’il n’existe pas de césure entre ces deux aspects de la connaissance, mais seulement des situations d’expression, de transmission et d’apprentissage de la connaissance plus ou moins complexes et plus ou moins exigeantes. Pour ce faire, la stratégie consistera à présenter certaines difficultés et contradictions auxquelles peut conduire le traitement de la notion de connaissance explicite dans le dernier ouvrage de (...) Harry Collins, Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. (shrink)

L’objectif de cet article est de questionner l’opposition classique entre la connaissance tacite et la connaissance explicite et de montrer qu’il n’existe pas de césure entre ces deux aspects de la connaissance, mais seulement des situations d’expression, de transmission et d’apprentissage de la connaissance plus ou moins complexes et plus ou moins exigeantes. Pour ce faire, la stratégie consistera à présenter certaines difficultés et contradictions auxquelles peut conduire le traitement de la notion de connaissance explicite dans le dernier ouvrage de (...) Harry Collins, Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. (shrink)

Our aim is to show that translating the modal graphs of Moretti’s “n-opposition theory” (2004) into set theory by a suited device, through identifying logical modal formulas with appropriate subsets of a characteristic set, one can, in a constructive and exhaustive way, by means of a simple recurring combinatory, exhibit all so-called “logical bi-simplexes of dimension n” (or n-oppositional figures, that is the logical squares, logical hexagons, logical cubes, etc.) contained in the logic produced by any given modal graph (an (...) exhaustiveness which was not possible before). In this paper we shall handle explicitly the classical case of the so-called 3(3)-modal graph (which is, among others, the one of S5), getting to a very elegant tetraicosahedronal geometrisation of this logic. (shrink)

The concept of continuing professional development (CPD) for teachers combines issues of training, recognition, and professional effectiveness. In this article, we examine the conditions and effects of the implementation of CPD policies at the international and national levels, before looking comparatively at concrete CPD training provision in two “academies” in France. We seek to identify certain conditions for the renewal of in-service teacher training engineering devices and, more broadly, to document major contemporary issues for the teaching profession: attractiveness, recognition, renewal, (...) mobility, and professional development. (shrink)

Cases or examples can be often explained by the interplay of arguments in favour or against their outcomes. This paper addresses the problem of finding explanations for a collection of cases where an explanation is a labelled argumentation graph consistent with the cases, and a case is represented as a statement labelling. The focus is on semi-abstract argumentation graphs specifying attack and subargument relations between arguments, along with particular complete argument labellings taken from probabilistic argumentation where arguments can be excluded. (...) The framework and computational considerations lead to an iterated local iterative deepening depth-first search to collect ‘interesting’ semi-abstract argumentation graphs consistent with a collection of statement labellings. Finally, the framework is illustrated and evaluated with a proof-of-concept implementation. (shrink)

Masochism brings Freud up against the accursed share of analysis, which was always the female. Masoch undermines the epistemological apparatus of the Freudian unconscious, which could reinvent sex, but not the world : it gives way to the old demons of metaphysics, where the death drive triumphs. The return of the repressed.

Na[sdotu]īr al-Dīn al-[Tdotu]ūsī, Memoir on Astronomy . [Sdotu]adr al-Sharī‘a. An Islamic Response to Greek Astronomy: Kitāb Ta‘dīl Hay’at al-Aflāk of [sdotu]adr al-Sharīa , Edited with Translation and Commentary by Ahmad S. Dallal, X + 461 pp., figs., index. Leiden - New York - Köln, E.J. Brill, 1995.

Le sujet phénoménologique ou pas ne quitte jamais l’œuvre écrite de Heidegger. Les figures dudit sujet sont capturées et différées par la pensée derridienne de la différance.

À partir de l'observation du nord de la région Midi-Pyrénées, cet article défend l'hypothèse que les logiques économiques, les réseaux sociaux et les jeux d'acteurs locaux sont à l'origine de la construction d'une identité territoriale. Fruit d'une histoire collective celle-ci n'empêche pas l'expression d'enjeux et de stratégies aux intérêts divergents mais entraîne deux changements majeurs. Elle permet de penser de façon positive le futur de ce territoire et conduit à l'envisager à partir des relations qu'il entretient avec d'autres espaces parfois (...) fort éloignés.From the observation of the northern region of Midi-Pyrénées, this article defends the hypothesis that economic logic, social networks and local games are at the origin of the construction of a regional identity. Result of a collective history it does not prevent the expression of issues and strategies with different interests but has two major changes. It helps to think positively the future of this country and led to the consideration from its relations with other areas sometimes far apart. (shrink)

Dans une perspective néo-thomiste, Jacques Maritain considère qu’un artiste est religieux non par les thèmes qu’il choisit ou la foi qu’il professe, mais lorsqu’il saisit les formes dans les choses et les reconstruit selon la nécessité de sa « subjectivité créatrice ». C’est ainsi que Maritain a pu reconnaître en Chagall le type même de l’artiste religieux. S’il n’a jamais essayé de « christianiser » le peintre, il n’en a peut-être pas été de même avec Raïssa Maritain, surtout lorsque Chagall, (...) à partir de 1938, peint ses grandes crucifixions. Tous deux cependant s’accordent à reléguer l’art « sacré » contemporain, c’est-à-dire, selon eux, l’art présent dans les lieux de culte, au bas d’une assez stricte hiérarchie esthétique. En cela, ils s’accordent avec le dominicain M.-A. Couturier et l’équipe de la revue L’Art Sacré. (shrink)

According to Bergson, there is no laugh without an « anaesthesia of the heart ». A kind of malice always ultimately lies in the depths of the pleasure of laughter. Can this pleasure be mora l ? It creates an affective community which can be both the site of identity and that of challenge, of calling everything into question. Cathartic, conservative, revolutionary, philosophical, desperate, the pleasure of laughter is a complex passion which must be taken seriously.

This paper proposes an approach to investigate norm-governed learning agents which combines a logic-based formalism with an equation-based counterpart. This dual formalism enables us to describe the reasoning of such agents and their interactions using argumentation, and, at the same time, to capture systemic features using equations. The approach is applied to norm emergence and internalisation in systems of learning agents. The logical formalism is rooted into a probabilistic defeasible logic instantiating Dung’s argumentation framework. Rules of this logic are attached (...) with probabilities to describe the agents’ minds and behaviours as well as uncertain environments. Then, the equation-based model for reinforcement learning, defined over this probability distribution, allows agents to adapt to their environment and self-organise. (shrink)

The Itinerarium provides a concise introduction to Bonaventure's theological understanding. This new translation presents Latin and English on facing pages, followed by an extensive and detailed commentary on the historical, scriptural, and linguistic contexts of the text and its translation.

The thesis that Weber was without influence in Weimar Germany is examined. It is shown that in contemporary published assessments and in private statements in interviews contemporary sociologists regarded him as important. The many dissertations on Weber and the enormous secondary literature are noted. This literature, which was contributed by some of the best minds of the day, included both the philosophical and sociological aspects of Weber's work. It is concluded that the thesis that Weber was without influence is false.

Alan Gewirth's Reason and Morality directed philosophical attention to the possibility of presenting a rational and rigorous demonstration of fundamental moral principles. Now, these previously unpublished essays from some of the most distinguished philosophers of our generation subject Gewirth's program to thorough evaluation and assessment. In a tour de force of philosophical analysis, Professor Gewirth provides detailed replies to all of his critics--a major, genuinely clarifying essay of intrinsic philosophical interest.

Figure essentielle du militantisme gay des années 1970, engagé à gauche, pionnier des recherches sociohistoriques sur l’homosexualité en Europe – notamment avec son ouvrage Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain from the Nineteenth Century to the Present, paru en 1977 –, Jeffrey Weeks, successivement professeur dans diverses universités britanniques, est aussi à l’initiative de belles réussites scientifiques comme la création de revues à comité de lecture spécifiquement dédiées à l’étude...

L’ouvrage présente, selon un plan en deux parties – « Les aléas de la modernisation » et « Entre expertise et expérience » –, un ensemble de neuf contributions empiriques émanant pour l’essentiel d’historiens. Ce sont en fait des études de cas nationales sur un long 20e siècle, confrontées au prisme de la libération, de la modernisation et de la révolution sexuelles, trois notions largement discutées dans l’avant-propos et dans l’introduction de l’ouvrage, bien plus qu’elles ne le sont dans l...

Quelles relations entretiennent les mouvements sociaux de 1968 et les mouvements féministes en Europe et en Amérique du Nord? Telle est la question posée dans cet essai par Brigitte Studer, professeure d’histoire suisse et d’histoire moderne à l’Université de Berne. Cependant, ce ne sont pas tant les aspects théoriques – bien qu’il soit difficile d’en faire l’économie – qui sont au cœur de son propos mais bien la constitution d’une puissance agissante qui est au centre du questionnement de l...

Georges Hérelle (1848-1935), professeur de philosophie, intéressé par les arts et traditions populaires, membre de nombreuses sociétés savantes, est réputé pour ses travaux sur les pastorales basques, la Champagne moderne ou encore ses traductions littéraires de l’italien vers le français. Grâce à l’ouvrage de Clive Thomson (Université de Guelph, Canada), qui a examiné attentivement l’impressionnant fonds qu’il a légué à la Bibliothèque municipale de Troyes, il est désormais possible d’enfin...

Esse artigo tem como objetivo investigar o ensino de filosofia e sua inserção e retirada do currículo da educação ao longo da história da educação no Brasil. A pesquisa é documental e bibliográfica e tem como referência teórica o método materialista histórico e dialético. Para a discussão a história da educação utilizamos as obras de Saviani (2007), para a discussão sobre ensino de filosofia no Brasil, utilizamos as obras de Ceppas (2010), Fávero (2004), Jaime (1997), Belieri e Sforni (2012/2013). A (...) discussão sobre o Estado e as questões ligadas à educação no contexto econômico e político, foram embasadas em Marx e Engels (2001), Carnoy (1984), Deitos (2008), Bruno (2001), Prado Jr (1998) e Tonet (2005). O Ensino de Filosofia esteve presente na educação brasileira, desde a chegada dos jesuítas, voltado à formação da elite. Ao longo da história da educação no Brasil, o ensino de filosofia não se consolidou no currículo, sendo até mesmo proibido na ditadura militar. Seu retorno, pós ditadura militar, aconteceu em 2008, garantido por lei. Em 2016, com a MP 746 (Lei 13.415/2017) a obrigatoriedade foi revogada. Conclui-se, dentre outras questões, que a entrada e saída do ensino de filosofia do currículo, está ligada aos interesses governamentais, às questões econômicas e políticas, bem como às contribuições da filosofia para a formação de estudantes críticos e pensantes, e para a compreensão da realidade e da inserção em sua transformação. (shrink)

O autor esboça seu projeto de apresentar a liberdade como independente da versão forte - ontológica - da contingência; e discutir certas afinidades indeterministas de Aristóteles com a interpretação dominante da física quãntica, em contraste com o determinismo da ciência moderna.

An examination of the difference between communication and transmission that stresses technologies and institutions long overlooked in the study of symbols and signs throughout the history of civilizations.

It is often thought that the literature dealing with religion is nothing more than the expression of a thought elaborated by the theologian, which he struggles to express: the Bible, the primary text, is initially interpreted by theologians, and then writers gather their interpretations. But it is not always so, as the reception of Judas Iscariote testifies: from Klosptock to Kazantzakis through Victor Hugo and Gérard de Nerval, it is the people of letters who preceded the exegetes in the interpretation (...) of the figure of the one who betrayed Jesus. (shrink)