27 found
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  1. (1 other version)Taking AI Risks Seriously: a New Assessment Model for the AI Act.Claudio Novelli, Casolari Federico, Antonino Rotolo, Mariarosaria Taddeo & Luciano Floridi - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (3):1-5.
    The EU proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, as these categories statically depend on broad fields of application of AI, the risk magnitude may be wrongly estimated, and the AIA may not be enforced effectively. This problem is particularly challenging when it comes to regulating general-purpose AI (GPAI), which has versatile and often unpredictable applications. Recent amendments to the compromise text, though introducing context-specific assessments, remain insufficient. To address this, (...)
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  2. AI Risk Assessment: A Scenario-Based, Proportional Methodology for the AI Act.Claudio Novelli, Federico Casolari, Antonino Rotolo, Mariarosaria Taddeo & Luciano Floridi - 2024 - Digital Society 3 (13):1-29.
    The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories for AI systems: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, it lacks a clear methodology for the assessment of these risks in concrete situations. Risks are broadly categorized based on the application areas of AI systems and ambiguous risk factors. This paper suggests a methodology for assessing AI risk magnitudes, focusing on the construction of real-world risk scenarios. To this scope, we propose to integrate the AIA with a framework developed by (...)
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  3.  53
    Changing legal systems: legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic.Guido Governatori & Antonino Rotolo - 2010 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 18 (1):157-194.
    In this paper we investigate how to represent and reason about legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic. We examine some options that embed in this setting, and in similar rule-based systems, ideas from belief and base revision. In both cases, our conclusion is negative, which suggests to adopt a different logical model. This model expresses temporal aspects of legal rules, and distinguishes between two main timelines, one internal to a given temporal version of the legal system, and another relative (...)
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  4.  71
    Computing Strong and Weak Permissions in Defeasible Logic.Guido Governatori, Francesco Olivieri, Antonino Rotolo & Simone Scannapieco - 2013 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 42 (6):799-829.
    In this paper we propose an extension of Defeasible Logic to represent and compute different concepts of defeasible permission. In particular, we discuss some types of explicit permissive norms that work as exceptions to opposite obligations or encode permissive rights. Moreover, we show how strong permissions can be represented both with, and without introducing a new consequence relation for inferring conclusions from explicit permissive norms. Finally, we illustrate how a preference operator applicable to contrary-to-duty obligations can be combined with a (...)
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  5.  74
    On the Axiomatisation of Elgesem's Logic of Agency and Ability.Guido Governatori & Antonino Rotolo - 2005 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 34 (4):403-431.
    In this paper we show that the Hilbert system of agency and ability presented by Dag Elgesem is incomplete with respect to the intended semantics. We argue that completeness result may be easily regained. Finally, we shortly discuss some issues related to the philosophical intuition behind his approach. This is done by examining Elgesem's modal logic of agency and ability using semantics with different flavours.
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  6.  31
    Logic of Violations: A Gentzen System for Reasoning with Contrary-To-Duty Obligations.Guido Governatori & Antonino Rotolo - 2006 - Australasian Journal of Logic 4:193-215.
    In this paper we present a Gentzen system for reasoning with contrary-to-duty obligations. The intuition behind the system is that a contrary-to-duty is a special kind of normative exception. The logical machinery to formalise this idea is taken from substructural logics and it is based on the definition of a new non-classical connective capturing the notion of reparational obligation. Then the system is tested against well-known contrary-to-duty paradoxes.
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  7.  42
    Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: overviews.Michał Araszkiewicz, Trevor Bench-Capon, Enrico Francesconi, Marc Lauritsen & Antonino Rotolo - 2022 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 30 (4):593-610.
    The first issue of _Artificial Intelligence and Law_ journal was published in 1992. This paper discusses several topics that relate more naturally to groups of papers than a single paper published in the journal: ontologies, reasoning about evidence, the various contributions of Douglas Walton, and the practical application of the techniques of AI and Law.
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  8.  55
    Probabilistic rule-based argumentation for norm-governed learning agents.Régis Riveret, Antonino Rotolo & Giovanni Sartor - 2012 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 20 (4):383-420.
    This paper proposes an approach to investigate norm-governed learning agents which combines a logic-based formalism with an equation-based counterpart. This dual formalism enables us to describe the reasoning of such agents and their interactions using argumentation, and, at the same time, to capture systemic features using equations. The approach is applied to norm emergence and internalisation in systems of learning agents. The logical formalism is rooted into a probabilistic defeasible logic instantiating Dung’s argumentation framework. Rules of this logic are attached (...)
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  9.  30
    An axiomatic characterization of temporalised belief revision in the law.Luciano H. Tamargo, Diego C. Martinez, Antonino Rotolo & Guido Governatori - 2019 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 27 (4):347-367.
    This paper presents a belief revision operator that considers time intervals for modelling norm change in the law. This approach relates techniques from belief revision formalisms and time intervals with temporalised rules for legal systems. Our goal is to formalise a temporalised belief base and corresponding timed derivation, together with a proper revision operator. This operator may remove rules when needed or adapt intervals of time when contradictory norms are added in the system. For the operator, both constructive definition and (...)
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  10.  23
    (1 other version)Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation.Giorgio Bongiovanni, Gerald Postema, Antonino Rotolo, Giovanni Sartor, Chiara Valentini & Douglas Walton (eds.) - 2011 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    This handbook offers a deep analysis of the main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation from both a logical-philosophical and legal perspective. These forms are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and the handbook accordingly divides in three parts: the first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the main general forms of reasoning and argumentation relevant for legal discourse. The third one looks at their application in law as well as at (...)
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  11.  32
    Quantification in Some Non-normal Modal Logics.Erica Calardo & Antonino Rotolo - 2017 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 46 (5):541-576.
    This paper offers a semantic study in multi-relational semantics of quantified N-Monotonic modal logics with varying domains with and without the identity symbol. We identify conditions on frames to characterise Barcan and Ghilardi schemata and present some related completeness results. The characterisation of Barcan schemata in multi-relational frames with varying domains shows the independence of BF and CBF from well-known propositional modal schemata, an independence that does not hold with constant domains. This fact was firstly suggested for classical modal systems (...)
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  12. A computational framework for institutional agency.Guido Governatori & Antonino Rotolo - 2008 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 16 (1):25-52.
    This paper provides a computational framework, based on defeasible logic, to capture some aspects of institutional agency. Our background is Kanger-Lindahl-Pörn account of organised interaction, which describes this interaction within a multi-modal logical setting. This work focuses in particular on the notions of counts-as link and on those of attempt and of personal and direct action to realise states of affairs. We show how standard defeasible logic (DL) can be extended to represent these concepts: the resulting system preserves some basic (...)
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  13.  55
    Variants of multi-relational semantics for propositional non-normal modal logics.Erica Calardo & Antonino Rotolo - 2014 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 24 (4):293-320.
    A number of significant contributions in the last four decades show that non-normal modal logics can be fruitfully employed in several applied fields. Well-known domains are epistemic logic, deontic logic, and systems capturing different aspects of action and agency such as the modal logic of agency, concurrent propositional dynamic logic, game logic, and coalition logic. Semantics for such logics are traditionally based on neighbourhood models. However, other model-theoretic semantics can be used for this purpose. Here, we systematically study multi-relational structures, (...)
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  14.  63
    Supervenience and Normativity.Bartosz Brożek, Antonino Rotolo & Jerzy Stelmach (eds.) - 2017 - Cham: Springer.
    The present collection represents an attempt to bring together several contributions to the ongoing debate pertaining to supervenience of the normative in law and morals and strives to be the first work that addresses the topic comprehensively. It addresses the controversies surrounding the idea of normative supervenience and the philosophical conceptions they generated, deserve a recapitulation, as well as a new impulse for further development. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the concepts of normativity and supervenience. The research on (...)
  15.  20
    15 Artificial Intelligence and New Paradigms of Human Decision Making: Towards a New Idea of Humanity?Antonino Rotolo - 2024 - In Rosi Braidotti, Hiltraud Casper-Hehne, Marjan Ivković & Daan F. Oostveen (eds.), The Edinburgh Companion to the New European Humanities. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 296-302.
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  16.  19
    An approach to temporalised legal revision through addition of literals.Martín O. Moguillansky, Diego C. Martinez, Luciano H. Tamargo & Antonino Rotolo - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 32 (3):621-666.
    As lawmakers produce norms, the underlying normative system is affected showing the intrinsic dynamism of law. Through undertaken actions of legal change, the normative system is continuously modified. In a usual legislative practice, the time for an enacted legal provision to be in force may differ from that of its inclusion to the legal system, or from that in which it produces legal effects. Even more, some provisions can produce effects retroactively in time. In this article we study a simulation (...)
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  17. God's omniscience : a formal analysis in normal and non-normal epistemic logics.Antonino Rotolo & Erica Calardo - 2013 - In Bartosz Brożek, Adam Olszewski & Mateusz Hohol (eds.), Logic in theology. Kraków: Copernicus Center Press.
     
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  18.  69
    Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation.Colin Aitken, Amalia Amaya, Kevin D. Ashley, Carla Bagnoli, Giorgio Bongiovanni, Bartosz Brożek, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Samuele Chilovi, Marcello Di Bello, Jaap Hage, Kenneth Einar Himma, Lewis A. Kornhauser, Emiliano Lorini, Fabrizio Macagno, Andrei Marmor, J. J. Moreso, Veronica Rodriguez-Blanco, Antonino Rotolo, Giovanni Sartor, Burkhard Schafer, Chiara Valentini, Bart Verheij, Douglas Walton & Wojciech Załuski (eds.) - 2011 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer Verlag.
    This handbook offers a deep analysis of the main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation from both a logical-philosophical and legal perspective. These forms are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and the handbook accordingly divides in three parts: the first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the main general forms of reasoning and argumentation relevant for legal discourse. The third one looks at their application in law as well as at (...)
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  19.  7
    4 The University and the City.Cristina Gamberi & Antonino Rotolo - 2024 - In Rosi Braidotti, Hiltraud Casper-Hehne, Marjan Ivković & Daan F. Oostveen (eds.), The Edinburgh Companion to the New European Humanities. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 77-89.
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  20. Shakespearian Modal Logic: A Labelled Treatment of Modal Identity.Ablerto Artosi, Paola Benassi, Guido Governatori & Antonino Rotolo - 1998 - In Marcus Kracht, Maarten de Rijke, Heinrich Wansing & Michael Zakharyaschev (eds.), Advances in Modal Logic. CSLI Publications. pp. 1-21.
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  21.  31
    Time and defeasibility in fipa acl semantics.Guido Boella, Guido Governatori, Joris Hulstijn, Régis Riveret, Antonino Rotolo & Leendert van der Torre - 2011 - Journal of Applied Logic 9 (4):274-288.
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  22.  82
    The structure of social practices and the connection between law and morality.Giorgio Bongiovanni, Antonino Rotolo, Corrado Roversi & Chiara Valentini - 2009 - Ratio Juris 22 (1):1-23.
    In his work, Jules Coleman has held that the rule of recognition, if conceived of as a shared cooperative activity, should be the gateway through which to incorporate moral constraints on the content of law. This analysis, however, leaves unanswered two important questions. For one thing, we do not know when or even why morality becomes a criterion of legality. And, for another thing, we still do not know what conception of morality it is that we are dealing with. In (...)
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  23.  27
    A Theory or a Dogmatics of Legal Sources? Reply to Riccardo Guastini.Antonino Rotolo - 2007 - Ratio Juris 20 (2):325-334.
  24.  26
    Collective trust and normative agents.Clara Smith & Antonino Rotolo - 2010 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 18 (1):195-213.
    In this paper we analyze the notion of collective trust within a multi-modal setting. We argue that collective trust is a scalable concept and therefore definable in qualitatively distinct levels or strengths. We show possible connections between different forms of group trust and the emergence of obligations within groups of agents. In particular, the notion of collective trust appears to be strong enough to entail forms of delegation that may have a deontic connotation: the trust a group puts in an (...)
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  25.  15
    Deductive and Deontic Reasoning.Antonino Rotolo & Giovanni Sartor - 2011 - In Colin Aitken, Amalia Amaya, Kevin D. Ashley, Carla Bagnoli, Giorgio Bongiovanni, Bartosz Brożek, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Samuele Chilovi, Marcello Di Bello, Jaap Hage, Kenneth Einar Himma, Lewis A. Kornhauser, Emiliano Lorini, Fabrizio Macagno, Andrei Marmor, J. J. Moreso, Veronica Rodriguez-Blanco, Antonino Rotolo, Giovanni Sartor, Burkhard Schafer, Chiara Valentini, Bart Verheij, Douglas Walton & Wojciech Załuski (eds.), Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation. Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer Verlag. pp. 243-274.
    This chapter offers a concise and elementary introduction to fundamental concepts in deductive and deontic reasoning.
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  26. Logics for Normative Supervenience.Antonino Rotolo - 2017 - In Bartosz Brożek, Antonino Rotolo & Jerzy Stelmach (eds.), Supervenience and Normativity. Cham: Springer.
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  27.  84
    Normative autonomy and normative co-ordination: Declarative power, representation, and mandate. [REVIEW]Jonathan Gelati, Antonino Rotolo, Giovanni Sartor & Guido Governatori - 2004 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 12 (1-2):53-81.
    In this paper we provide a formal analysis of the idea of normative co-ordination. We argue that this idea is based on the assumption that agents can achieve flexible co-ordination by conferring normative positions to other agents. These positions include duties, permissions, and powers. In particular, we explain the idea of declarative power, which consists in the capacity of the power-holder of creating normative positions, involving other agents, simply by proclaiming such positions. In addition, we account also for the concepts (...)
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