Caracterización de un grupo de comités de ética en investigación en Colombia Caracterização de um grupo de comitês de ética em pesquisa na Colômbia In the last decades, controlled clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry have increased considerably. This has led to the need for greater control and assistance by regulators and ethics committees to ensure appropriate compliance with established ethical standards and good clinical practices in general. In Colombia, the National Food and Drug Surveillance Institute, the regulator in (...) the country, controls and monitors the operation of clinical research with drugs. In 2008, this entity issued Resolution 2378, which provides and regulates research actors in Colombia, including ethics committees. After being in force for several years, it is necessary to know whether research ethics committees in Colombia operate in accordance with this regulation and to determine the status of implementation of the requirements therein. For this purpose, a survey was designed to be voluntarily answered and a response was obtained from 25 of the 69 certified committees in Colombia. Twenty-two of them could be analyzed because their information was complete. Compared with previous studies, favorable changes in development and organization were observed in accordance with the current proposed regulation. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Suárez-Obando F, Reynales H, Urina M, Camacho J, Viteri M. Caracterización de un grupo de comités de ética en investigación en Colombia. pers. bioét. 2018; 22: 303-318. DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2018.22.2.8. (shrink)

The acknowledged masterpiece of Unamuno expresses the anguish of modern man as he is caught up in the struggle between the dictates of reason and the demands of his own heart.

We develop a general framework for forcing with coherent adequate sets on [Formula: see text] as side conditions, where [Formula: see text] is a cardinal of uncountable cofinality. We describe a class of forcing posets which we call coherent adequate type forcings. The main theorem of the paper is that any coherent adequate type forcing preserves CH. We show that there exists a forcing poset for adding a club subset of [Formula: see text] with finite conditions while preserving CH, solving (...) a problem of Friedman [Forcing with finite conditions, in Set Theory: Centre de Recerca Matemática, Barcelona, 2003–2004, Trends in Mathematics, pp. 285–295.]. (shrink)

A couple of decades ago natural phenomena began to be approached from a comprehensive and transdisciplinary point of view, as it was understood that living beings and their environments are not linear but complex. There is no doubt that this perspective of visualizing complexity and working inter-and transdisciplinarily has to be applied. The reflection on the theoretical observation (i.e. meta-observation) involved in the concept of poly-contexturality is the framework in which a theory of complex systems is possible, which in turn (...) enables an observation that oscillates (a concept of chaos theory) between modelsstructured in a hierarchical order (normally linked to a logical-deductive formalization) and models structured in hetero‐hierarchy. And this would allow this reflection to be done in a formalized language that does not follow either the principles of the Aristotelian logic or the postulates of the Kantian transcendental reflection. It is precisely this liberation from the dictates of mono-contextural logic what paves the way to an observation of complexity, in which one or the other language is used to model the states of things, such as the epistemological problems of molecular biology or the social systems. And-what is gaining relevance-it also paves the way to a true transdisciplinary meta-observation, since each discipline chooses its own contexture and only the use of poly-contexturality makesit possible to formulate transdisciplinary relationships within the framework of such meta-logic. (shrink)

The doctrine that all living beings originate from the sea, upheld in the Telliamed, is based on the scientific knowledges of the early 18th century. Maillet also assimilates the errores of the sciences. On the other hand, Maillet uses unreliable stories and testimonies to support his theory, but he applies the rules of a strict criticism to them. The spirit of the author of Telliamed also shows him to be a man of his time : a great many highly estimed (...) contemporary philosophers have believed the existence of seamen. The roots of this theory are found in the conviction that we ignore the mecanism and the laws which regulate the productions of nature. (shrink)

This article describes the new style of writing appearing in Chile from the 1980s. This kind of work, so called "Chilean Literature Anthropology", attempts to combine science with literary resources.

It is necessary to transform the educative experiences into the classrooms so that they favor the development of intellectual abilities of children and teenagers. We must take advantage of the new opportunities that offer information technologies to organize learning environments which they favor those experiences. We considered that to arm and to program robots, of the type of LEGO Mind Storms or the so called "crickets", developed by M. Resnik from MIT, like means so that they children them and young (...) people live experiences that favor the development of their intellectual abilities, is a powerful alternative to the traditional educative systems. They are these three tasks those that require a reflective work from pedagogy and epistemology urgently. Robotics could become in the proper instrument for the development of intelligence because it works like a mirror for the intellectual processes of each individual, its abilities like epistemologist and, therefore, is useful to favor those processes in the classroom. (shrink)

The emergence of social networking is closely related with the new technologies improving user interface experience thus making the interaction between users more natural and intuitive. Before, the first online communities of interest were user lists and asynchronous discussion groups resembling more the form of mass mailings than informal discussions in a cafe or in a classroom. The impact of web 2.0 on scientific practices has become evident in establishing more and more epistemic communities as virtual communities and vice versa. (...) With respect to the role of the paradigm in the constitution and operations of an epistemic community, the framework of values and the ethical reflection of that become its own form of binding and guiding principle of the theoretical action. Thus any individual who joins an online community with the ambition of an epistemic effect must develop the morals and ethics necessary to enable him/her to understand the relevant forms of their theoretical practice. (shrink)

The dominant academic paradigm and the main inspiration of anticorruption policies is the economic theory of corruption, according to which anticorruption policies should be focused on raising the costs associated with corrupt behavior. In this article, I provide three reasons to explain why anticorruption interventions in organizations inspired by the economic theory of corruption frequently fail. I contribute to the current literature by integrating the literature on constructive deviance, on personality psychology, and on managerial biases in ethical decision-making into the (...) study of corruption and into the design and implementation of anticorruption interventions. Research propositions are advanced. Research and practice implications are discussed. (shrink)

Résumé À partir de deux dispositifs mis en place respectivement par le duo Kumar et Melanid et par Dimitrijevic, l’article interroge ces agencements qui prétendent placer « le public » en position de sujet-auteur. Le premier exemplifie la formule duchampienne : « Ce sont les regardeurs qui font les tableaux », dans une perspective ironique qui s’adosse à la sociologie pour interroger le champ de l’art ; le second illustre le slogan beuysien : « tout le monde est un artiste (...) », selon un registre délibérément manipulatoire sous ses dehors participatifs. (shrink)

A través de la difusión de elementos informativos en la sociedad digital, la desinformación modifica 1) la ideología social y política de los usuarios de las redes sociales y de otras herramientas digitales, así como su cosmovisión o conjunto de ideas sobre la realidad; 2) la actuación ética del sujeto en el mundo, lo que incluye actos violentos, terroristas y de terrorismo estocástico; y 3) las condiciones de veracidad que se le otorgan a un hecho para etiquetarlo como veraz, lo (...) que deviene en el fenómeno de la confusión epistemológica, mediante el cual se otorga veracidad a un hecho por el mero deseo de que sea verdadero, en lugar de apelar a voces de autoridad reconocida. (shrink)

No artigo busca-se mostrar que o saber filosófico se diferencia dos saberes que consistem no exame direto das coisas. Ressalta-se o surgir da filosofia nisso como o tipo de compreender que explica a determinação das coisas. Enfatiza-se aí a dificuldade de se exprimir o conhecimento filosófico e de se preservar, simultaneamente, sua diferenciação em meio às outras formas de saber. A expressão “amor à sabedoria” é tomada aqui como tendência natural à superação desta dificuldade e vínculo entre o caráter de (...) livre deste saber e o poder do homem que o produz. Como contra tendência destaca-se que a metafísica, ao resguardar o conteúdo da verdade no em si imutável, tornou inflexível o conteúdo do saber em questão. Reações a isto são reconhecidas como oposição e críticas à metafísica, ao “amor à sabedoria” e anúncio de “fim da filosofia”, mas sublinha-se que a paixão pela “sabedoria” concernente à determinação de sentido das coisas ainda não resulta explicada. (shrink)

Este artigo trata aspectos centrais da noção de Nietzsche, como a relação entre transvaloração e vontade de poder.