S'intende prendere in esame la comprensiones di Jordan Kunicic dei temi fondamentali della morale. Egli e uno dei teologi moralisti croati piu prestigiosi di questo secolo che ha svolto la sua attivita prima, durante e dopo il Concilio Vaticano II. La morale da lui proposta risale alla lunga tradizione Della teologia morale (neo)scolastica. Questo studio getta una luce sulla visione (neo)tomista della morale, senza la quale non e facile comprendere la discussione attuale della teologia morale. Vengono analizzati il concetto di (...) ordine morale oggettivo e soggettivo: la coscienza e l'atto morale. (shrink)

Kulturu čitanja oblikuje niz individualno i društveno određenih čimbenika koji proizlaze i iz kulturne tradicije neke sredine zbog čega je status knjige neodvojiv od cjelokupnoga vrijednosnoga sustava pojedinoga društva. Učitelj materinskoga jezika ključna je figura u procesu literarnoga sazrijevanja buduće čitateljske publike, a njegova je uloga otežana društvenim promjenama u današnjem »računalnom« svijetu gdje su položaj čitatelja i knjige bitno izmijenjeni u odnosu na ne tako davnu prošlost. Ne možemo u svemu kriviti digitalne medije, pa tako ni za smanjeni interes (...) učenika za čitanje knjiga. U ovom radu raspravljat će se o složenosti obrazovnoga područja, o kulturi čitanja u novonastalom online okruženju te o promjenama koje donosi aktualni predmetni kurikul za Hrvatski jezik. Kritički će se razmotriti prednosti i nedostatci uporabe informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije u odgojno-obrazovnome procesu te ponuditi smjernice za funkcionalnu primjenu mrežnih alata i gotovih aplikacija u nastavi Hrvatskoga jezika. Dječje je odrastanje usko povezano s digitalizacijom i društvenim mrežama čiji utjecaj ne mora biti negativan, samo ga treba funkcionalno iskoristiti i usmjeriti pozornost neupitnom potencijalu dobre knjige. Istaknut će se opravdanost obvezne školske lektire i problem neuvažavanja čitateljskih interesa učenika mlađe školske dobi. U radu će biti ponuđen metodički predložak za interpretaciju lektirnoga naslova uz primjenu kreativnih mrežnih alata. The culture of reading is shaped by a number of individually and socially determined factors arising from the cultural tradition of a given environment, making the status of books inseparable from the entire value system of a given society. The teacher of the native tongue is a key figure in the process of literary maturation of the future reading public; the role of the teacher is hindered by social changes in the modern “digital” world, in which the position of the reader and the book are now significantly different than in the recent past. Digital media cannot be solely blamed for the reduced interest of pupils in reading books. This paper will discuss the complexity of the field of education, the culture of reading in the new online environment, and changes brought by the current Croatian language subject curriculum. The advantages and disadvantages of using IT technologies in educational processes will be critically examined; guidelines will also be offered for the functional implementation of internet tools and ready-made applications in Croatian language teaching. Children’s upbringing is closely tied to digitalisation and social networks, the influence of which are not necessarily negative; this influence must simply be used functionally to direct attention towards the unquestionable potential of good books. The justification for required reading will be noted, as will the problem of disregarding the reading interests of young pupils. The paper will offer a methodical contribution for the interpretation of required reading titles through the implementation of creative online tools. (shrink)

The culture of reading is shaped by a number of individually and socially determined factors arising from the cultural tradition of a given environment, making the status of books inseparable from the entire value system of a given society. The teacher of the native tongue is a key figure in the process of literary maturation of the future reading public; the role of the teacher is hindered by social changes in the modern “digital” world, in which the position of the (...) reader and the book are now significantly different than in the recent past. Digital media cannot be solely blamed for the reduced interest of pupils in reading books. This paper will discuss the complexity of the field of education, the culture of reading in the new online environment, and changes brought by the current Croatian language subject curriculum. The advantages and disadvantages of using IT technologies in educational processes will be critically examined; guidelines will also be offered for the functional implementation of internet tools and ready-made applications in Croatian language teaching. Children’s upbringing is closely tied to digitalisation and social networks, the influence of which are not necessarily negative; this influence must simply be used functionally to direct attention towards the unquestionable potential of good books. The justification for required reading will be noted, as will the problem of disregarding the reading interests of young pupils. The paper will offer a methodical contribution for the interpretation of required reading titles through the implementation of creative online tools. (shrink)

A possibility of defining logical constants within abstract logical frameworks is discussed, in relation to abstract definition of logical consequence. We propose using duals as a general method of applying the idea of invariance under replacement as a criterion for logicality.

The filtration method is often used to prove the finite model property of modal logics. We adapt this technique to the generalized Veltman semantics for interpretability logics. In order to preserve the defining properties of generalized Veltman models, we use bisimulations to define adequate filtrations. We give an alternative proof of the finite model property of interpretability logic with respect to Veltman models, and we prove the finite model property of the systems and with respect to generalized Veltman models.

A class of Kripke models is modally definable if there is a set of modal formulas such that the class consists exactly of models on which every formula from that set is globally true. In this paper, a class is also considered definable if there is a set of formulas such that it consists exactly of models in which every formula from that set is satisfiable. The notion of modal definability is then generalized by combining these two. For thus obtained (...) types of modal definability on the level of Kripke models, we give characterization theorems in the usual form, in terms of algebraic closure conditions. As some consequences of these, various preservation results are presented. Also, some characterizations are strengthened by replacing closure under ultraproducts with closure under ultrapowers. (shrink)

We can formalize judgments as logical formulas. Judgment aggregation deals with judgments of several agents, which need to be aggregated to a collective judgment. There are several logical formalizations of judgment aggregation. This paper focuses on a modal formalization which nicely expresses classical properties of judgment aggregation rules and famous results of social choice theory, like Arrow’s impossibility theorem. A natural deduction system for modal logic of judgment aggregation is presented in this paper. The system is sound and complete. As (...) an example of derivation, a formal proof of Arrow’s impossibility theorem is given. (shrink)

Interpretability logic is a modal formalization of relative interpretability between first‐order arithmetical theories. Verbrugge semantics is a generalization of Veltman semantics, the basic semantics for interpretability logic. Bisimulation is the basic equivalence between models for modal logic. We study various notions of bisimulation between Verbrugge models and develop a new one, which we call w‐bisimulation. We show that the new notion, while keeping the basic property that bisimilarity implies modal equivalence, is weak enough to allow the converse to hold in (...) the finitary case. To do this, we develop and use an appropriate notion of bisimulation games between Verbrugge models. (shrink)

This note follows up an earlier paper in which a possibility of defining logical constants within abstract logical frameworks was discussed, by using duals as a general method of applying the idea of invariance under replacement as a criterion for logicality. In the present note, this approach is applied to the discussion on logicality of generalized quantifiers. It is demonstrated that generalized quantifiers are logical constants by this criterion.

A 4-valued framework is proposed to distinguish intuitionistically valid formulas within classical validities.

We prove an existential analogue of the Goldblatt‐Thomason Theorem which characterizes modal definability of elementary classes of Kripke frames using closure under model theoretic constructions. The less known version of the Goldblatt‐Thomason Theorem gives general conditions, without the assumption of first‐order definability, but uses non‐standard constructions and algebraic semantics. We present a non‐algebraic proof of this result and we prove an analogous characterization for an alternative notion of modal definability, in which a class is defined by formulas which are satisfiable (...) under any valuation (the so‐called existential validity). Continuing previous work in which model theoretic characterization for this type of definability of elementary classes was proved, we give an analogous general result without the assumption of the first‐order definability. Furthermore, we outline relationships between sets of existentially valid formulas corresponding to several well‐known modal logics. (shrink)

This paper presents a sociological theoretical framework for the study of self-representation in social networks. Theoretically, the paper draws on the sociological classics of E. Goffman and M. Castells and work from other academic fields in which self-presentation and social networks have been explored as social phenomena. The first part of the paper provides a contextual framework for the development of information technology and the growth of social network users, and offers some terminological clarifications. Then, the sociological approaches to the (...) phenomena of social networks and self-representation are analysed within the framework of the dramaturgical approach. The spatiotemporal framework created by the emergence of the Internet is questioned, and self-representation is examined in this context. The notion of the exhibition site that defines the new form of appearance on social network platforms, the temporal status of the contemporary form of self-representation on social networks and the asynchronous character of communication implied by this self-representation are also analysed. (shrink)

This work discusses the creation, development, and key characteristics of philosophical periodicals in Serbia, as one of the most important institutional pillars for the development of a philosophical culture. The author shows that Serbian philosophical periodicals played a significant role in the development and dissemination, not only of its primary goal, philosophical culture, but also in building general standards of criticism, necessary for critical thinking in science and our society. At the end of the account, the author emphasizes that Serbian (...) philosophical periodicals, in over a century of development, have managed to establish a broad philosophical communication with various traditions, directions and streams of philosophical thought. However, due to strong ideological breaks in history, it was not able of maintaining the continuity necessary for establishing clear and strong scientific criteria in assessing philosophical output and other philosophical activity in our milieu. (shrink)

In this paper the author examines the key principles of Kant's conception of eternal peace and the possibility of an international legal order grounded in Reason. The central segment of the paper consists of an analysis of the problem of mediation between Kant's normative theory and political practice. U radu se razmatraju kljucni principi Kantove koncepcije Vecnog mira i mogucnosti umnog utemeljenja medjunarodnog pravnog poretka. Glavni deo ovog rada predstavlja analiza problema posredovanja izmedju Kantove normativne teorija i savremene politicke prakse.

Svojim kritickim filozofskim stavovima i idejama Kant je cesto izazivao burne reakcije ne samo filozofske vec i najsire kulturne javnosti svoga vremena. Medju njegovim idejama koje su pokrenule ostre filozofske sporove i kontroverze, najpoznatije su: sto ne vredi u teoriji, to ne vredi ni u praksi; o toboznjem pravu da se laze iz covekoljublja; protiv prava gradjana na pobunu i dr. Ipak, najvise paznje u evropskoj kulturnoj javnosti izazvala je Kantova ideja o radikalnom zlu, koja se u svom konacnom obliku (...) pojavila u njegovim poznim spisima o filozofiji religije. Negativne reakcije i osude Kantovih savremenika zamenili su, u XX veku, nista manje zbunjujuci prigovori savremenih Kantovih tumaca koji tvrde da Kantovo shvatanje radikalnog zla nije dovoljno radikalno. Pokusacemo da u ovom kratkom razmatranju ukazemo na glavne tacke tog filozofskog spora i Kantov pojam radikalnog zla ucinimo jasnijim. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007. (shrink)

Autor se bavi razmatranjem Jaspersovog shvatanja krize i razaranja ideje univerziteta i njegovim pokusajima da u svojim radovima iz 1923. godine i 1945. godine izvrsi rehabilitaciju ove ideje. Autor pokazuje da se Jaspers u svom razmatranju ideje univerziteta oslanja na premise izvedene iz implicitne sociologije nemackog idealizma. Za Jaspersa su institucije forme objektivnog duha koje mogu da funkcionisu samo dotle dok u zivoj formi ovaplocuju ideju koja joj je inherentna. Cim je napusti duh, institucija se okamenjuje u nesto sto je (...) samo mehanicko, poput organizma bez duse, koji se raspada u mrtvu materiju.. (shrink)

This work discusses the creation, development, and key characteristics of philosophical periodicals in Serbia, as one of the most important institutional pillars for the development of a philosophical culture. The author shows that Serbian philosophical periodicals played a significant role in the development and dissemination, not only of its primary goal, philosophical culture, but also in building general standards of criticism, necessary for critical thinking in science and our society. At the end of the account, the author emphasizes that Serbian (...) philosophical periodicals, in over a century of development, have managed to establish a broad philosophical communication with various traditions, directions and streams of philosophical thought. However, due to strong ideological breaks in history, it was not able of maintaining the continuity necessary for establishing clear and strong scientific criteria in assessing philosophical output and other philosophical activity in our milieu. (shrink)

Glavni zadatak ove rasprave predstavlja analiza i interpretacija problema obicajnosti centralne kategorije Hegelove prakticne filozofije. Autor u drugom delu rada daje pregled ruzlicitih oblika recepcije problema obicajnosti u savremenim interpretacijama Hegelove politicke filozofije.

Fichte's Philosophy of Freemasonry took as its object the culture of a secret society, quite influential and widespread but no less obscure in times of Enlightenment and early Romanticism. He tried clarify it from the perspective of classical German idealism, and to use it for his own purposes: through it, Fichte sought to realize the idea of man as citizen of the world and thus to influence the so-called or public society, as well as politics. Fihteova Filozofija masonstva predstavlja pokusaj (...) da se sa stanovista filozofije klasicnog nemackog idealizma rasvetli i preuzme, odnosno iskoristi za vlastite svrhe, jedna u doba prosvetiteljstva i rane romantike uticajna i rasirena, iako i u to vreme nista manje opskurna kultura tajnog drustva, da se preko nje ostvari ideja coveka kao svetskog gradjanina i da se na taj nacin izvrsi uticaj na tzv. veliko ili javno drustvo i na politiku. (shrink)

Author considering, appearing and existing modern idea about university like one of the most important institution of knowledge which is arise in modern epoch. In this work particular attention will be initiated on considered different ideas and conception university which were before so-called Himbolt?s idea of university which has global disposition and which is in the last two centuries regardless on period of crisis, had dominant position in contemporary high school education.. The second part of work is consecrated on analysis (...) constitute the first Serbian university. In this part of work will be analyze different treatise and projects of university which are during 19. and on the beginning of 20. century arise in circle of Serbian intellectual elite in which are essentially influence at form of institutionally profile the first Serbian university. The third part of work surround there different phase of develop on university and university education in Serbia in XX and on the beginning of XXI century. The first phase present the time between two war; the second phase is consecrate the time of and the third phase consecrate the last decade of XX and the first decade of XXI century in which are tempestuous changes in society announce new searching and fundamental over questioning the state in our high school institution with primary target that theirs work coordinate with standard of European universities and that way accomplish theirs integration in net of European universities. Autor razmatra uslove nastanka srednjovekovnog univerziteta, shvacenog kao korporacije fakulteta, i govori o filozofskim idejama koje su uticale na stvaranje i sirenje moderne ideje univerziteta, sigurno jedne od najznacajnijih institucija znanja koja je nastala u modernoj epohi. U ovom radu posebna paznja bice posvecena razmatranju razlicitih filozofskih ideja univerziteta koje su prethodile stvaranju tzv. Humboltove ideje univerziteta koja je u poslednja dva veka, bez obzira na periode krize, imala u savremenom visokom skolstvu dominantnu poziciju. Drugi deo rada posvecen je razmatranju procesa konstituisanja prvog srpskog univerziteta. U ovom delu rada bice analizirane razlicite rasprave i projekti univerziteta koji su tokom 19. i pocetkom 20. veka nastali u krugovima srpske intelektualne elite i koji su bitno uticali na institucionalni karakter i obrazovni profil prvog srpskog univerziteta. Treci deo rada obuhvata razmatranje cetiri razlicite faze razvitka modernog univerziteta i univerzitetske nastave u Srbiji u XX veku. Prvu fazu cini period od osnivanja Beogradskog univerziteta do pocetka Prvog svetskog rata. Druga faza je posvecena razmatranju univerzitetskog obrazovanja u medjuratnom periodu, a treca i cetvrta faza obuhvataju analizu razvitka i funkcionisanja univerziteta u doba komunizma i pocetak tranzicije. Burne promene u nasem drustvu devedesetih godina XX veka, najavile su nova traganja i temeljna preispitivanja stanja na nasim visokoskolskim institucijama s osnovnim ciljem da se njihov nacin i program rada uskladi sa savremenim evropskim univerzitetskim standardima i na taj nacin pripremi njihovo integrisanje u mrezu evropskih univerziteta. (shrink)

BackgroundDecisions about limitations of life sustaining treatments are made for end-of-life patients in intensive care units. The aim of this research was to explore the professional and ethical attitudes and experiences of medical professionals on treatment of end-of-life patients in ICUs in the Republic of Croatia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians and nurses working in surgical, medical, neurological, and multidisciplinary ICUs in the total of 9 hospitals throughout Croatia using a questionnaire with closed and open type questions. Exploratory factor (...) analysis was conducted to reduce data to a smaller set of summary variables. Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyse the differences between two groups and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyse the differences between more than two groups.ResultsLess than third of participants stated they were included in the decision-making process, and physicians are much more included than nurses. Sixty two percent of participants stated that the decision-making process took place between physicians. Eighteen percent of participants stated that ‘do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitations’ orders were frequently made in their ICUs. A decision to withdraw inotropes and antibiotics was frequently made as stated by 22.4% and 19.9% of participants, respectively. Withholding/withdrawing of LST were ethically acceptable to 64.2% of participants. Thirty seven percent of participants thought there was a significant difference between withholding and withdrawing LST from an ethical standpoint. Seventy-nine percent of participants stated that a verbal or written decision made by a capable patient should be respected. Physicians were more inclined to respect patient’s wishes then nurses with high school education. Nurses were more included in the decision-making process in neurological than in surgical, medical, or multidisciplinary ICUs. Male participants in comparison to female, and physicians in comparison to nurses with high school and college education displayed more liberal attitudes about LST limitation.ConclusionsDNACPR orders are not commonly made in Croatian ICUs, even though limitations of LST were found ethically acceptable by most of the participants. Attitudes of paternalistic and conservative nature were expected considering Croatia’s geographical location in Southern Europe. (shrink)