Up to now researchers have maintained that Nietzsche’s philosophy has no concept of social justice or have hardly noticed such a concept. On the contrary, this article argues that social justice plays an important role in Nietzsche’s political thinking. It shows that his conception of justice is modelled after Plato’s antique concept of political justice. The main thesis of the paper is that this conception is embodied in Nietzsche’s notion of a well-ordered state or society. An additional thesis concerns the (...) anthropological basis of what Nietzsche holds to be a just social order. This basis is constituted by his conviction that people are not only fundamentally unequal but also extremely different in worth and rank. (shrink)

This article starts off with a historical section showing that deep disagreements among notions of social and political justice are a characteristic feature of the history of political thought. Since no agreement or consensus on distributive justice is possible, the article argues that political philosophers should – instead of continuously proposing new normative theories of justice – focus on analyzing the reasons, significance, and consequences of such kinds of disagreements. The next two sections are analytical. The first sketches five possible (...) reasons for deep disagreements among notions of social and political justice. The second discusses the meta-ethical relevance of the lack of consensus on justice and rejects ethical realism and cognitivism based on the argument from deep disagreements. (shrink)

English summary: How Niccolo Machiavelli is to be understood is still passionately argued today. The many facets of his political thought correspond to the diversity of perspectives among his interpreters. The authors of this interdisciplinary volume analyze Machiavelli's works in connection with transformations of thought on policy, rule and morality from the beginning of the early modern period through to the present. In addition to the interpretation of Machiavelli through the lens of his time, effects of his writings and thought (...) in contemporary discourse are focused upon. Topics not only include Machiavelli's relationship to the modern concept of the state and his experimental morality, but also his demonological style of reading and his presence amongst contemporary republicans and liberals, amongst thinkers such as Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault, as well as in the empire debate. Additionally, the volume takes into account thus far little-explored aspects, such as Machiavelli's thinking style and methodology, as well as the literary-rhetorical dimension of his writings. German text. German description: Bis heute wird leidenschaftlich darueber gestritten, wie Niccolo Machiavelli verstanden werden muss. Dem Facettenreichtum seines politischen Denkens entspricht die Vielfalt der Perspektiven und Urteile seiner Interpreten. Die Autoren des interdisziplinar angelegten Bandes analysieren Machiavellis Werke im Zusammenhang mit den spiegelbildlichen Wandlungen des Denkens ueber Ordnung, Herrschaft und Moral zu Beginn der Neuzeit und in der Gegenwart. Ausser der Interpretation Machiavellis aus dem Horizont seiner Zeit stehen auch seine Wirkungen in zeitgenossischen Diskursen im Mittelpunkt. Themen sind nicht bloss Machiavellis Verhaltnis zum modernen Staatsbegriff und seine experimentelle Moral, sondern auch seine damonologische Leseweise und seine Prasenz bei zeitgenossischen Republikanern und Liberalisten, bei Denkern wie Max Horkheimer und Michel Foucault sowie in der Empire-Debatte. Zudem beruecksichtigt der Band bislang wenig erforschte Aspekte wie Machiavellis Denkstil und Methode sowie die literarisch-rhetorische Dimension seiner Schriften. (shrink)

Fiel a sus términos, en la palabra «paisaje», Maurice Merleau-Ponty intentadescribir la disposición de elementos en los que se instala la reflexión sartriana,evitando atribuir a la continuidad o a la réplica los argumentos que discuteSartre en relación con la existencia. Difícilmente una palabra conseguiríaseñalar la diferencia que establece Sartre en su reflexión sobre la existencia,lo que exige integrarlo en la composición de un paisaje más amplio, próximoa otros dos pensadores: Søren Kierkegaard y Martin Heidegger; proximidadque no se encuentra, ciertamente, exenta (...) de contraste. Siendo aún posible lapregunta por la existencia, cada uno de los filósofos nombrados es apenasun referente que conducirá a la noción definitiva desarrollada por Merleau-Ponty, a saber: la «encarnación» del ser en el mundo. (shrink)

The way digital information technologies work and, more specifically, the possibilities for action that technological devices offer to us affect our processes of political belief formation. In particular, there seems to be a close connection between our digital affordances and the increase of the sort of polarization that threatens the proper functioning of democracy. In this paper, we analyze whether the type of polarization linked to the use of digital technologies, and which endangers the health of public deliberation, has to (...) do with the adoption of beliefs whose contents are increasingly extreme—extremism—or, on the contrary, has more to do with increasing our credence in the core beliefs of our political identity—radicalism. (shrink)

Turgot, Baron de l'Aulne: The future of mind.--Marquis de Condorcet: The taming of the future.--Comte de Saint-Simon: The pear is ripe.--Children of Saint-Simon: The triumph of love.--Charles Fourier: The burgeoning of instinct.--Auguste Comte: Embodiment in the great being.

This article aims to enhance social technology as a resource that induces education and well-being in maternal and child health, more specifically in contexts of social vulnerability. This is an action research, with social technology characteristics, developed between July/2022 and December/2023, with 17 women (pregnant and postpartum women) from a vulnerable community in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on education in health and in an interprofessional approach, the social technology developed and called “Endowing lives” is the (...) result of demands previously identified, discussed and implemented with the research participants and local health professionals. The social technology developed expanded interprofessional possibilities, promoted preventive health measures and contributed to the empowerment of pregnant and postpartum women in decision-making. (shrink)

Environmental theorists and practitioners generally accept that responsibility for environmental harm is best understood as common but differentiated, yet little work has been done to philosophically articulate this idea. This paper develops this theory by bringing Iris Marion Young's two-tiered model of responsibility to bear on the topic of addressing and redressing environmental damage. I demonstrate how her approach can satisfy the commonality criterion (i.e. that everyone has a role to play in confronting environmental harm), while still satisfying the differentiation (...) criterion (i.e. that different actors have different kinds and degrees of responsibility), and that it does so in a manner that is persuasive, politically useful, and reasonably acceptable to all sides. In aiming to satisfy the commonality criterion, the paper identifies traditional sustainable communities as environmentalist exemplars, emphasizing that these communities have a vital role to play in combatting our present ecological crisis. (shrink)

Esta pesquisa, norteada pela abordagem metodológica analítica, tem como horizonte de investigação a responsabilidade solidária na época da ciência, especialmente, no que tange ao "futuro da natureza humana" e da vida no Planeta diante das possibilidades que a ciência e a tecnologia nos oferecem. Hans Jonas ressalta que um dos problemas do Século XX é a vulnerabilidade a que todos indistintamente estamos imersos e afetados, exigindo de todos não apenas a constatação, mas, sobretudo, a responsabilidade pela vida humana e extra-humana. (...) A mudança do cenário da vida dos seres vivos é perceptível com muita facilidade já há algum tempo, colocando-se, porém, nos dias atuais, para além de uma simples ameaça de risco, podendo causar, inclusive, alteração e dano irreversíveis ao próprio futuro de toda a humanidade. O "princípio responsabilidade" foca uma proposta de ética para uma época tecnicizada e cientificizada não mais centralizada no sujeito, porque, segundo Hans Jonas, as éticas tradicionais sustentadas no sujeito não dão conta de tratar da questão das novas tecnologias, tanto do ponto de vista de sua fundamentação como de sua aplicação. Considerados o poder e o ampliado potencial de seu fazer técnico, Hans Jonas pensa um novo imperativo ético, muito mais adequado aos desafios colocados pela centralidade da técnica nos tempos hodiernos, pertinente ao novo tipo de agir humano e voltado para o novo tipo de sujeito atuante, sendo expresso da seguinte forma: "Aja de modo a que os efeitos da tua ação sejam compatíveis com a permanência de. (shrink)

In this paper we prove that the free algebras in a subvariety equation image of the variety equation image of semi-Heyting algebras are directly decomposable if and only if equation image satisfies the Stone identity.

Though the geographic dimensions of philosophical history were always, in principle at least, the whole globe, for the last two thousand years the ...

Desde un primer momento España pretendió justificar la conquista y ocupación de América. De todos los posibles títulos que se podían aducir en los albores del siglo XVI, los españoles optaron por poner en primer lugar la “donación pontificia” (bulas alejandrinas). De modo que en este artículo intentaremos exponer los fundamentos doctrinales de esta donación papal. En la práctica se generó una preocupación (controversia) por la situación material y espiritual en la que vivían los indios que desembocó en los planteamientos (...) del Maestro Francisco Vitoria que acertó a plantear en los términos exactos el problema de América. (shrink)

La expresión “arte cristiano” encierra en sí una contrariedad si se considera que Jesús de Nazaret no apuntó nada sobre la creación artística. Tampoco podemos rastrear en el anuncio de la Buena Noticia ningún hilo que nos conduzca hacia un culto que necesitara la contribución de las “artes plásticas”. Cristo predijo un culto al Padre “en espíritu y en verdad” (Jn 4,23). Los primeros cristianos fueron fieles a este espiritualismo trascendente judaico, pero al mismo tiempo, la fe en la Encarnación (...) del Verbo dio al testimonio de los sentidos un valor fundamental: “el que me ha visto a mí, ha visto al Padre” (Jn 14,9). Nace un conflicto entre la sensibilidad artística y la nueva fe que gira en torno a la necesidad de legitimar el valor estético sin que el espíritu sea traicionado. Plasmar en la figuración una auténtica y sincera confesión de fe. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar, transcribir y contextualizar el texto de las Comunicaciones del obispo Toral, el primer Prelado de Yucatán. Esta es la primera edición completa de este documento importante e interesante para el estudio de la introducción de la Iglesia en América.