In this article, we offer an approach of how participative stakeholder innovation can be evaluated in complex multistakeholder settings that address wicked issues. Based on the principle of mutual value creation, we present an evaluation framework that accounts for the social interaction process during which stakeholders integrate their resources and capabilities to develop innovative products and services. To assess this evaluation framework, we collected multiple data from the case study of the Swiss Cardiovascular Network, which represents a multistakeholder setting related (...) to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our findings indicate that the evaluation dimensions of the stakeholders’ mindsets, the process and context of the stakeholder interactions, as well as the outcomes are useful concepts to account for a cooperative process of innovation in a multistakeholder setting. We discuss both the theoretical and practical insights of our analysis for participative stakeholder innovation. (shrink)

Die Weltwirtschaft befindet sich in einer permanenten Krise, einer Krisenlatenz. Die Hauptursache liegt im Verlust einer Werteorientierung, im Verlust der Ordnung des Seins und der Legitimität; als Folge wird die Anarchie zur faktischen Grundstruktur von Weltwirtschaft und Weltgesellschaft mit verheerenden Konsequenzen für Menschen und Umwelt. Hans Ruh greift auf die Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte zurück und setzt sich ebenso intensiv mit den brennenden Fragen des aktuellen Weltgeschehens auseinander. Er legt offen, welche Probleme uns heute beschäftigen und in Zukunft betreffen und wie (...) das wirtschaftliche Verhalten wieder an eine übergeordnete Werteordnung angekoppelt werden kann. Mit “Ordnung von unten” meint er die Verlagerung des Handlungsschwerpunkts auf die Zivilgesellschaft. Autonomie bzw. Selbstorganisation sind - nach dem Verlust der Regulierung von oben - Anforderungen an die wichtigsten funktionierenden Systeme. Mit seinen sechs Leuchttürmen - das System “Ethische Marktwirtschaft”, Wirtschaft von unten, Agenturen für elementare öffentliche Güter, Ideen, die selbständig fliegen, Projekte, demokratische Zivilgesellschaft - zeigt Hans Ruh, wie wir die Zukunft gestalten und in eine andere Richtung, nämlich hin zu einer lebenswerten und überlebensfähigen Wirtschaft beziehungsweise Gesellschaft lenken können. (shrink)

Überleben und Lebensqualität als Thema der Ethik -- Ethik als Lebensweisheit -- Umwelt -- Wirtschaft -- Landwirtschaft -- Die Zukunft der Arbeit.

Human control of action in routine situations involves a flexible interplay between (a) task-dependent serial ordering constraints; (b) top-down, or intentional, control processes; and (c) bottom-up, or environmentally triggered, affordances. In addition, the interaction between these influences is modulated by learning mechanisms that, over time, appear to reduce the need for top-down control processes while still allowing those processes to intervene at any point if necessary or if desired. We present a model of the acquisition and control of goal-directed action (...) that goes beyond existing models by operationalizing an interface between two putative systems—a routine and a non-routine system—thereby demonstrating how explicitly represented goals can interact with the emergent task representations that develop through learning in the routine system. The gradual emergence of task representations offers an explanation for the transfer of control with experience from the non-routine goal-based system to the routine system. At the same time it allows action selection to be sensitive both to environmental triggers and to biasing from multiple levels within the goal system. (shrink)

Ethical issues are of foremost importance in modern bio-medical science. Ethical guidelines and socio-cultural public awareness exist for modern samples, whereas for ancient mummy studies both are de facto lacking. This is particularly striking considering the fact that examinations are done without informed consent or that the investigations are invasive due to technological aspects and that it affects personality traits. The aim of this study is to show the pro and contra arguments of ancient mummy research from an ethical point (...) of view with a particular focus on the various stakeholders involved in this research. Relevant stakeholders in addition to the examined individual are, for example, a particular researcher, and the science community in general, likely descendents of the mummy or any future generation. Our broad discussion of the moral dilemma of mummy research should help to extract relevant decision-making criteria for any such study in future. We specifically do not make any recommendations about how to rate these decision-factors, since this is highly dependent on temporal and cultural affiliations of the involved researcher. The sustainability of modern mummy research is dependent on ethical orientation, which can only be given and eventually settled in an interdisciplinary approach such as the one we attempt to present here. (shrink)

The essay starts with a strong thesis: the Iimits of labour-society force to renunciation of the aitn at full employment. Instead of this the relation between job-employment and other forms of work and activities have be rearranged. The new arrangement needs a new concept of social basis-security: a new form of citizen-income. The author unfolds a set of proposals to explain his concept.

Calling the risks of advanced technologies into question will inevitably result in an evaluation of the inherent hazardous potential. The consideration of maintaining the bases of living for human and non-human beeings as a commonly accepted pritnary ethic value leads to the conclusion that only the criterion of forecast maximum damages can be utilized for said evaluation but not the criterion of probality. Furthermore such an evaluation will have to take into account the hazardous potential affecting mainly those who do (...) not posess any right of decision in these matters but will have to bear severe pain in case control of the hazardous potential gets lost. (shrink)

Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Volume 21, Issue 3, Page 313-344, August 2022. This paper discusses why and how public attitudes should matter in regulating asylum and refugee protection in rich democracies, with a focus on Europe. Taking a realistic approach, I argue that public views constitute a soft feasibility constraint on effective and sustainable policies towards asylum seekers and refugees, and that a failure to take seriously and understand the attitudes of the host country’s population can have a very damaging (...) effect on refugee protection and migrants’ rights in practice. Bringing together insights from political philosophy, the politics of asylum, and research on public attitudes, I develop my argument by discussing why ‘what the people think’ should matter in asylum and refugee polices; how public views can and should matter given the well-known challenges with measuring attitudes and policy preferences; and what the prevailing public views might mean for the reform of asylum and refugee policies in Europe. (shrink)

Politics, Philosophy & Economics, Ahead of Print. This paper discusses why and how public attitudes should matter in regulating asylum and refugee protection in rich democracies, with a focus on Europe. Taking a realistic approach, I argue that public views constitute a soft feasibility constraint on effective and sustainable policies towards asylum seekers and refugees, and that a failure to take seriously and understand the attitudes of the host country’s population can have a very damaging effect on refugee protection and (...) migrants’ rights in practice. Bringing together insights from political philosophy, the politics of asylum, and research on public attitudes, I develop my argument by discussing why ‘what the people think’ should matter in asylum and refugee polices; how public views can and should matter given the well-known challenges with measuring attitudes and policy preferences; and what the prevailing public views might mean for the reform of asylum and refugee policies in Europe. (shrink)

Practitioners and leading scholars emphasize the need of integrating the notion of stakeholder more systematically into strategy theory. In corporate reality, this process has been on its way for quite some time because companies realized that a one-sided orientation to short-term shareholder value is a too narrow conception for strategic management, especially since firms’ strategically relevant resources today are not purely of financial nature but most importantly knowledge oriented. This paper will evaluate some insights into good practices of strategic stakeholder (...) management in the financial services industry and the telecommunications industry of Switzerland in order to stimulate the ongoing learning process in strategic stakeholder management. The results do support appropriateness of stakeholder management in situations of turbulence and as useful extension of conventional approaches in strategic management. (shrink)

In this paper we aim to show that based on an effective stakeholder management corporations are able to build and maintain three important licences tosuccessfully fulfil their fundamental value creation task, namely the licence to operate, the licence to compete and the licence to innovate. The corporation is regarded as an institution engaged in mobilizing resources for productive uses in order to create wealth with and for its stakeholders. Our concept of the three licences is based on the widely discussed (...) (e.g. Bracken, 2003; Buono, 2003; Caldwell, 2004; Jones, Wicks, & Freeman, 2002; Lamont, 2004; Walsh, 2005) “Stakeholder View” framework by Post, et al. (2002) which concerns the firm’s interactions with its stakeholders. Our concept of the three licences is supported by the results of our qualitative case research in the financial services and the telecommunications industry. (shrink)

Die vor allem unter der Bezeichnung Gestalt-Psychologie bekanntgewordeneGestalttheorie der Berliner Schule war lange Zeit vielen zu Unrecht nur für ihreBeiträge zur Wahrnehmungspsychologie ein Begriff. In letzter Zeit werden jedochdiesseits und jenseits des Atlantiks zunehmend die frühen gestalttheoretischenAnsätze für eine psychotherapierelevante Lehre des gesunden und gestörtenmenschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens wiederentdeckt und neu aufgegriffen. Dervorliegende Sammelband stellt drei exemplarische frühe Beiträge zurPsychopathologie vor, die noch vom Begründer der Gestalttheorie MaxWertheimer geprägt wurden. Anhand der Analyse der paranoischenEigenbeziehung und Wahnbildung, der Manie und der (...) schizophrenen Denkstörungdemonstrieren sie eindrucksvoll die spezifische Herangehensweise undFruchtbarkeit des ganzheitlichen systemtheoretischen Ansatzes der Gestalttheorieauf dem Gebiet psychischer Störungen. Im Anschluß diskutierenPsychotherapeuten und Psychiater aus Deutschland, Österreich und den USA dieAktualität und Relevanz dieser Ansätze für die psychotherapeutischeKrankheitslehre und Praxis. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Platon’un ruh (psykhē) anlayışına konuyla ilgili metinleri çerçevesinde bir çözümleme sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle Platon’un ruh anlayışını evren tasavvurunun içine örgülediği vurgulanacak, bu nedenle doğrudan doğruya bu meselenin işlendiği Timaios diyaloğu ele alınıp orada tartışılan “cismani evrenin yaratılışı,” “evrenin ruhunun (psykhē pantos) teşkili” ve “evrenin ruhunun mayasından diğer ruhların yaratılışı” gibi konular irdelenecek, ayrıca bu süreçte zanaatkâr bir tanrı olarak Dēmiourgos ve diğer tanrıların üstlendiği rol üzerinde durulacaktır. Ardından Dēmiourgos’un evrenin ruhundan arta kalanlarla yarattığı ölümsüz ruha karşılık, (...) diğer tanrıların eliyle şekillenen ölümlü ruhun mahiyeti incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda ölümsüz ruh ile ölümlü ruh veya beden arasındaki ilişki tartışmaya açılarak ruhun “akıl” (to logistikon), “heyecan” (to thymoeides) ve “iştah” (to epithymētikon) şeklinde adlandırılan bölümleri veya işlevleri açıklanacaktır. Ruhun bedenlenip cismani evrene inişi ve bu bedenlenme sürecinde söz konusu temel işlevlerinin bedenin hangi bölgelerinde konumlandırıldığı, yine Timaios diyaloğu ışığında gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Daha sonra ruhun üç bölümlü veya üç işlevli yapısı, Phaidros diyaloğunda işlenen “kanatlı at” mitosuyla örneklendirilecek, bu sayede ruhun bedenlenme sürecine ve bedenlenmeden önceki semavi yaşayışına, başka deyişle göğün üstünde bir mekânda (hyperouranion topon) yer alan idea’lar âlemini temaşa etme (theōria) anına ışık tutulacaktır. Böylelikle hem Timaios hem de Phaidros diyaloglarında yer alan anlatımlar birbiriyle ilişkilendirilerek Platon’un ruh anlayışı açıklığa kavuşturulacak; sonuç olarak Platon’a göre ruhun hakiki âlem ile bu dünya arasındaki bağlantıyı tesis edebilme imkânına sahip bir varlık olduğu, bu nedenle onun varlık ve bilgi anlayışının düğüm noktasını oluşturduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. (shrink)

The matter of the soul has been one of the most important and central matters in the history of Islamic science and thought. For the soul constitutes one of the two elements that make up the human being, and the issue of the human being has undoubtedly been one of the most prominent matters in Islamic civilization and has been a major preoccupation for Islamic intellectuals. In this context, the Islamic basin of knowledge and thought has constructed two main definitions (...) of the soul, one based on the Qur’anic teachings and the other inspired by Ancient Greek philosophy. Theologians conceived of the soul as a “subtle body”. Philosophers, on the other hand, conceived it as an “abstract substance”. This dispute between kalām and philosophy over the soul has not only been confined to the physical realm, but has also extended to the eschatological dimension, leading to a polemic that has lasted for centuries. As with many issues in post-classical Islamic thought, the influence of philosophy on this issue has been seen to be greater than that of other traditions. In fact, in the aforementioned period and later on, works on the soul from a theological perspective could not bypass the philosophical perspective. Within this framework, the theological perspective criticized the philosophers because they disagreed with it and especially because one end of the issue extended to the eschatological axis, and found it important to refute their conceptions in this regard. One of the most prominent figures of the aforementioned period, i.e., post-classical Islamic science and thought, was Abū Muhammad Rukn al-Dīn Ubaydallāh b. Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Samarqandī (d. 701/1301), a member of the Māturīdī and Hanafī sects. Samarqandī wrote many works and treatises on kalām, Qur’anic sciences, tafsīr, fiqh, hadīth, and mysticism. Among the author’s works/risālas/treaties that have reached the present day, there is a work titled “Risālat al-rūḥ” on the humanitarian-nātik (speaking) rational human soul (al-rūh al-nātiq al-insānī). Comprising an introduction and ten chapters, al-Samarqandī used a theological and mystical style, drawing on the teachings of the Qur’ān on the one hand, and partly on rational arguments on the other. The work includes the subject of the soul and the essence of the human being in this context, the definition and essence of the soul, the comparison between the views of the Ahl al-Sunnah and the philosophers in this regard, and the criticisms against the philosophers, the issue of ma‘ād (the end) in eschatology, the thoughts of the Sufis on the soul, the perception of Allah through the saying “Whoever knows himself, knows his Lord”, which the author considered as a hadith, and similar issues. As a mutakallim and following the line of Ahl al-Sunnah, the main problem of al-Samarqandī’s treatise revolves around what should be understood when it comes to “human being”, the nature of the soul, the manner in which ma‘ād will be realized, and his criticisms of philosophers over these issues. Based on our research and studies, it has been observed that the aforementioned treatise has not yet been analyzed and published. Furthermore, two manuscript copies of the treatise in question were found as a result of our investigations. This study covers the critical edition and review of al-Samarqandī’s Risālat al-rūḥ. (shrink)