An experimental study was designed to analyze the effect of school-based training in self-regulation learning strategies on academic performance. Class-level variables were considered and the effects of the intervention were measured at the end of the intervention and 3 months later. A sample of 761 students from 3rd and 4th grades, from 14 schools, participated in the study. Data were analyzed using three-level analysis with within-student measurements at level 1, between-students within-classes at level 2, and between-classes at level 3. Data (...) showed a positive effect of the intervention on student performance, both at post-test and at follow-up considering the four school subjects together. However, the effect was significant just at follow-up when subjects were considered separately. Student performance was significantly related to the students’ variables and the context. Finally, students’ gender and level of reading comprehension, as well as the teacher’s gender, were found to moderate the effect of the intervention on students’ academic performance. Two conclusions were highlighted: first, data emphasize the importance of considering time while conducting intervention studies. Second, more teaching experience does not necessarily translate into improvements in the quality of students’ instruction. (shrink)

University program dropout is a problem that has important consequences not only for the student that leaves but also for the institution in which the withdrawal occurs. Therefore, higher education institutions must study the problem in greater depth to establish appropriate prevention measures in the future. However, most research papers currently focus primarily on the characteristics of students who leave university, rather than on those who choose to pursue alternative courses of study and therefore fail to take into account the (...) different kinds of abandonment. The aim of this paper is to identify the different types of dropout to define their characteristics and propose some recommendations. Thus, an ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 1311 freshmen from a university in the north of Spain using data gathered using an ad-hoc designed questionnaire, applied by telephone or an online survey, and completed with data available in the university data warehouse. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and identify five different groups, including 1. Students persisting in their initiated degree 2. Students who change of program (within the same university) 3. Students transferring to a different university 4. Students enrolling in non-higher-education studies 5. Students that quit studying. Also, data mining techniques (decision trees) were applied to classify the cases and generate predictive models to aid in the design of differentiated intervention strategies for each of the corresponding groups. (shrink)

Wat is een weerbare democratie? Hoe gaan we om met krachten die zich niet aan de regels van onze rechtsstaat houden? 00Steeds meer politieke partijen stellen ongrondwettelijke maatregelen voor, radicale groeperingen trachten door terreur anderen hun wil op te leggen, buitenlandse regimes pogen in onze democratie te interveniëren en lidstaten van de EU nemen wetten aan die de democratie allesbehalve bevorderen. 'De strijd om de democratie' behandelt in het licht van deze ontwikkelingen het vraagstuk van de 'weerbare democratie'. In hoeverre (...) zijn ondemocratische maatregelen geoorloofd om de democratie te beschermen? In deze actuele bundel laten vooraanstaande denkers als Afshin Ellian, Bastiaan Rijpkema, Paul Cliteur, Gelijn Molier en Dirk Verhofstadt hun licht schijnen over deze meer dan urgente vraag. (shrink)

Children learning to read in two different orthographic systems are exposed to cross-linguistic interferences. We explored the effects of school and grade on phonological activation during a visual word recognition task. Elementary school children from Spain completed a lexical decision task in English. The task included real words and pseudohomophones following Spanish or English phonological rules. Using the mouse-tracking paradigm, we analyzed errors, reaction times, and computer mouse movements. Children in the bilingual school performed better than children in the monolingual (...) school. Children in higher grades performed better than children in lower grades. The interference effect of Spanish phonology was weak and became weaker in higher grades. Spanish children differentiate between first and second language grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences since early on in the educational process. In 6th grade, children from the bilingual school responded better to words and Spanish pseudohomophones, while children from the monolingual school were less distracted by the English pseudohomophones. Children in the bilingual school had stronger inhibition of Spanish phonology and stronger activation of English phonology. Instructional method plays an important role on the processing strategies Spanish children rely on when reading in English. School and grade influence the link between orthographic and phonological representations. (shrink)

El acceso equitativo a la energía y a la vivienda es una preocupación básica de la justicia social. A pesar de los numerosos vínculos entre estos dos bienes esenciales, los marcos teóricos de la justicia y la pobreza energética se han referido casi exclusivamente a la cuestión de la vivienda en términos de la eficiencia energética de los edificios residenciales. En respuesta a esta carencia conceptual, se propone la reintegración del factor vivienda en el marco de la justicia y pobreza (...) energética a lo largo de los siguientes tres ejes: dimensiones materiales y temporales; dimensiones políticas; y dimensiones éticas y legales. Como ejemplo empírico de la importancia del nexo vivienda-energía en la práctica de la justicia social, se presenta el caso de dos movimientos sociales surgidos en Barcelona que trabajan con una perspectiva conjunta de derecho a la vivienda y a la energía: la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) y la Aliança contra la Pobresa Energètica (APE). El artículo subraya la importancia de la vivienda y la energía como fundamentos materiales de una vida digna y su naturaleza conflictiva como necesidades esenciales y bienes de mercado. (shrink)

Las metodologías activas son unas excelentes herramientas para la mejora del desarrollo de competencias, así como del aprendizaje del alumnado. Se recogen las percepciones y el uso que 92 profesores de educación secundaria de la Comunidad Valenciana (España) manifestaron en un cuestionario tras haber realizado una formación en las mismas. Los resultados permiten constatar que, si bien se produce un aumento en el uso y una mejora en las percepciones, sigue habiendo una considerable resistencia al cambio de este colectivo de (...) profesorado. Encuentran desventajas como considerarlas muy exigentes con el tiempo y son escépticos en el aprendizaje real del alumnado. (shrink)

This article intends to contribute to the science–religion historiography with two topics—philology and the construction of national identities—that can help provide a more complex picture of the relations between science and religion. We use the life and work of the Mallorcan Catholic priest Antoni Maria Alcover (1862–1932) as a case study that puts language, linguistics, and nationalism on the board of science and religion studies. Alcover was the main driving force of the Catalan Dictionary, a collective enterprise that set out (...) to inventory the complete oral and literary lexicon of this language, and which mobilized thousands of people, many of which were clergymen, from all over the Catalan‐speaking territories. In the article, we will explore Alcover's education; the way he established a link between language, religion, and fatherland; the shaping of his identity as a philologist in the image mainly of new German notions and practices; as well as his role in the institutionalization process of the Catalan language as a scientific language, as a language for science and for religion. (shrink)

El tema que trata este libro persigue dos objetivos principales. Por una parte, estudiar los saberes en el Renacimiento y en el Barroco, acercándose, entre otros autores, a Werner Rolewinck, Alfonso de la Torre, Pico de la Mirándola, Tomás Moro, Francisco de Vitoria y la escolástica, el Brocense, Montaigne, Descartes-San Agustín, Sebastián Izquierdo, Hobbes, hasta llegar a Leibniz. Y, por otra, elaborar una teoría de los saberes, esto es, considerarlos como modelos de significación y de ordenación del mundo, que van (...) configurando Europa y la modernidad europea. Así este libro reconstruye la historia de las variaciones de un discurso, el de los saberes en general y de sus disciplinas en particular. Muestra ese incesante esfuerzo por ordenar y comprender la realidad, que acabará sustituyendo un modelo teológico, o relaborando sus fundamentos, al ir pasando a primer plano la existencia, el sujeto moderno, encarnada en hombres concretos de «carne y hueso», con nombre y rostro. Y expresa la ensoñación de Europa, que a través de los mismos, fue buscando y ensayando: la concordia racional y mejor república que cabía esperar. (shrink)

The relation between religion and politics is a legal-philosophical theme that has once again come to the foreground, due primarily to the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the ensuing international debate on the nature of Islam. Yet every discussion of Islam encounters the resistance of political correctness, which exercises an enormous pressure on academic freedom, often resulting in self-censorship. Philosophy does not have as its primary goal the establishment of world peace. Instead, it begins by asking questions and by analyzing (...) reality, even if those questions and analyses turn out to be very painful to religious or political powers. Nietzsche.. (shrink)

This volume offers an up-to-date overview of the much-debated issue of how a democracy may defend itself against those who want to subvert it. The justifications, effectiveness and legal implications of militant democracy are discussed by addressing questions as: How can militant democracy measures such as party bans be justified? Why is it that some democracies ban antidemocratic parties? Does militant democracy succeed in combatting right-wing extremism? And is militant democracy evolving into an internationalized legal and political concept? Bringing together (...) experts and perspectives from political science, law and philosophy, this volume advances our understanding of the current threats to democracy, a political system once thought almost invincible. It is especially timely in the light of the rise of illiberal democracy in the EU, the increasingly authoritarian rule in Turkey, the steady shift to autocracy in Russia and the remarkable election of Trump in the US. (shrink)

Hoe moet een democratie omgaan met antidemocraten, wat zijn de bedreigingen van de democratie, en hoe moeten die bedreigingen begrepen worden? Deze vragen staan centraal in het debat over weerbare democratie. Een discussie die aan actualiteit wint door de bedreigingen van religieus extremisme enerzijds en antirechtsstatelijke politieke partijen anderzijds. In dit artikel willen wij aantonen dat het debat over weerbare democratie verdiept kan worden door bestudering van het werk van Claude Lefort en Karl Popper. Het artikel is dan ook niet (...) zozeer een studie van het werk van Lefort en Popper als zodanig, maar in de eerste plaats een bijdrage aan de politiek-filosofische theorievorming over weerbare democratie. We bespreken de elementen in het werk van Lefort en Popper die voor de weerbare democratie relevant zijn. We betogen ten eerste dat zowel Lefort als Popper, om verschillende redenen, zich niet voetstoots laten uitleggen als weerbare democratiedenkers. Ten tweede, dat er, desondanks, in hun werk vruchtbare argumenten voor een weerbare democratie gevonden kunnen worden. En, ten derde, dat het denken van Lefort en Popper belangrijke lessen biedt die de theorie van weerbare democratie kunnen verdiepen. De belangrijkste les in het geval van Lefort is: aandacht voor democratie als samenlevingsvorm, en niet louter als institutie, en daarmee een beter begrip van hoe ons ‘democratisch-zijn’ kan uitmonden in democratische zelfvernietiging. Het denken van Popper kan daarentegen juist de ontsporingen binnen democratische instituties, of breder: het democratische debat, verhelderen. Tot slot probeert dit artikel ook een bescheiden aanzet te zijn tot een nadere bestudering van de samenhang in het werk van twee denkers die doorgaans in isolement bestudeerd worden. (shrink)

This article aims to reflect on the challenges of peace education in times of Covid-19 global pandemic from a positive perspective, understood as a new opportunity for education to consider the teaching of how to make peace from our daily experiences; and in this way, humanity can forge a more peaceful future. In this task, the use of imagination, fantasy and creativity as educational resources will be revalued. Likewise, utopia is proposed as that unknown horizon, still to come, that will (...) show us, in the face of so many doubts and uncertainties, those possible scenarios which will motivate us to continue working for cultures of peace. This reflection starts from the Reconstructive-Empowering Peace Education approach that I have been proposing in my research as a member of the Interuniversity Institute of Social Development and Peace. (shrink)

Around the Council of Basel, and opposing the nominalism renewal, in the University of Salamanca a whole new movement of humanistic renewal is promoted from the field of philosophy and theology, having in Pedro Martinez de Osma one of its most significant representatives. In this paper the meaning of his work, with influences from L. Bruni and L. Valla, is shown and two of his most significant texts are rescued from that fight which confronted the humanism against the nominalism.

In view of the changes and achievements which the science and technique are producing at the end of the XV and XVI centuries, fragmenting the medieval order, Fernán Pérez de Oliva, in order to bring into harmony the new Renaissance times, will offer a new image of the human being. This will must be as the well tuned vihuela wich produces sweet harmony.

Taking Nietzsche's II Untimely Meditations and the uses of history he proposes, the aim is to show how history and philosophy of history become constituded as knowledge and genealogical method in the transition from the Medieval Philosophy to the Renaissance, particularly and principally from W Rolewinck to Erasmus of Rotterdam.

Raymond of Sabunde, at the beginning of the XV century, at the heat of the Concil of Basel, reconsidered that incipient modernity from a philosophy which was able to revitalize and wake up the man, going to beyond the Scholasticism, and trying to neutralize the dangesrs which nested in the Nominalism, in the Averroism, or in the temptation, which was expressed at the time, to order the reality from the mere reason. In his Book of the Creaures he offered a (...) new path and way, the science of true knowledge and true love, of full joy that the man was able to pant and reach, through a double book: the book of nature and the book of the Scripture. (shrink)

Our aim is to offer an approach to the work of Vicente Muñoz Delgado. The different stages of the production of his work and thought, as well as the nuclei and keystones on which it is structured.

If Alfonso de Toledo's encyclopedia of knowledge is situated within the encyclopedic tradition, the Invencionario, 1474, is studied, highlighting the break it made with respect to the medieval order and its encyclopedias, a break which announced a new ordering of knowledge and which manifests a change of age: the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

This study presents the application of self-organizing maps to air-quality data in order to analyze episodes of high pollution in Madrid. The goal of this work is to explore the dataset and then compare several scenarios with similar atmospheric conditions : some of them when no actions were taken and some when traffic restrictions were imposed. The levels of main pollutants, recorded at these stations for eleven days at four different times from 2015 to 2018, are analyzed in order to (...) determine the effectiveness of the anti-pollution measures. The visualization of trajectories on the self-organizing map let us clearly see the evolution of pollution levels and consequently evaluate the effectiveness of the taken measures, after and during the protocol activation time. (shrink)

It is unknown whether hospital-based medical professionals in Spain educate patients about advance directives. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of hospital-based physicians’ and nurses’ engagement in AD discussions in the hospital and which patient populations merit such efforts. A short question-and-answer-based survey of physicians and nurses taking care of inpatients was conducted at a university hospital in Madrid, Spain. In total, 283 surveys were collected from medical professionals, of whom 71 per cent were female, with (...) an average age of thirty-four years. Eighty-four per cent had never educated patients about ADs because of lack of perceived responsibility, time, or general knowledge of ADs. Patient populations that warranted AD discussions included those with terminal illnesses, chronic diseases, and elderly patients. Regarding degree of AD understanding in medical professionals: 57 per cent of medical professionals claimed sufficient general knowledge of ADs, 19 per cent understood particulars regarding AD document creation, and 16 per cent were aware of AD regulatory policies. Engagement in AD discussions was considered important by 83 per cent of medical professionals, with 79 per cent interested in participating in such discussions themselves. The majority of hospital physicians and nurses do not educate their patients about ADs, despite acknowledging their importance. Patient populations of highest priority included those with terminal diseases or chronic illness or who are of advanced age. (shrink)

Little has been studied on the relationship between affect and school problems related with attendance. This study aims to identify different affective profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on the four functional conditions of school refusal behavior. Participants comprised 1,816 Spanish adolescents aged 15–18 years. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children were administered. Latent profile analysis revealed five affective profiles: low affective profile, self-fulfilling (...) profile, low positive affect profile, self-destructive profile, and high affective profile. The self-destructive profile revealed the highest average scores in the first three factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the high affective profile reached the highest average score in the fourth factor. On the contrary, the self-fulfilling profile obtained the lowest average scores in the first two factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the low affective profile revealed the lowest average scores in the last two factors. Findings suggest the relevance of developing more adaptative affective profiles, such as the self-fulfilling profile, which would contribute to diminishing school attendance problems. (shrink)