KazuoMuto (1913–1995) war Professor für das Studium des Christentums an der Universität Kyoto und gehörte der dritten Professorengeneration an. Er war sich der Stellung der Dialektischen Theologie voll bewusst, und davon ausgehend verfolgte er neue Möglichkeiten der Religionsphilosophie, wobei sich seine Forschungen an der subjektiven Innerlichkeit und der Moral im liberalen Protestantismus orientierte. Die Wahrheitsforschung als Wissenschaft verlange natürlich eine kritische Neutralität, aber sie muüsse auch religiöse Wahrheiten im Blickfeld haben, die sich nicht durch bloßes Zuschauen offenbaren, sondern erst dadurch, (...) dass man sich für sie engagiert. Kazuo analysierte die Argumente von Troeltsch, Barth und Tillich. Dabei stimmte er Tillichs ‘Korrelation zwischen der existentiellen Frage und der theologischen Antwort’ zu. Dennoch dachte er, dass die Ernsthaftigkeit des die existentielle Frage Stellenden der Theologie immanent sein müsse, und entwickelte dabei nicht nur eine ‘antwortende Theologie’, sondern auch eine ‘fragende Theologie’. Diese Haltung hatte er vor allem von Kierkegaard gelernt, so erklärte er, Frage und Antwort seien nicht voneinander getrennt, sondern müssten miteinander zusammenhängen. (shrink)

KazuoMuto (1913–1995) war Professor für das Studium des Christentums an der Universität Kyoto und gehörte der dritten Professorengeneration an. Er war sich der Stellung der Dialektischen Theologie voll bewusst, und davon ausgehend verfolgte er neue Möglichkeiten der Religionsphilosophie, wobei sich seine Forschungen an der subjektiven Innerlichkeit und der Moral im liberalen Protestantismus orientierte. Die Wahrheitsforschung als Wissenschaft verlange natürlich eine kritische Neutralität, aber sie muüsse auch religiöse Wahrheiten im Blickfeld haben, die sich nicht durch bloßes Zuschauen offenbaren, sondern erst dadurch, (...) dass man sich für sie engagiert. Kazuo analysierte die Argumente von Troeltsch, Barth und Tillich. Dabei stimmte er Tillichs ‘Korrelation zwischen der existentiellen Frage und der theologischen Antwort’ zu. Dennoch dachte er, dass die Ernsthaftigkeit des die existentielle Frage Stellenden der Theologie immanent sein müsse, und entwickelte dabei nicht nur eine ‘antwortende Theologie’, sondern auch eine ‘fragende Theologie’. Diese Haltung hatte er vor allem von Kierkegaard gelernt, so erklärte er, Frage und Antwort seien nicht voneinander getrennt, sondern müssten miteinander zusammenhängen. (shrink)

This volume investigates the meaning of visual rhythm through Piet Mondrian's unique approach to understanding rhythm in the compositional structure of painting, drawing reference from philosophy, aesthetics, and Zen culture. Its innovation lies in its reappraisal of a forgotten definition of rhythm as 'stasis' or 'composition' which can be traced back to ancient Greek thought. This conception of rhythm, the book argues, can be demonstrated in terms of pictorial strategy, through analysis of East Asian painting and calligraphy with which Greek (...) thought on rhythm has identifiable commonalities. The book demonstrates how these ideas about rhythm draw together various threads of intellectual development in the visual arts that cross disparate aesthetic cultural practices. As an icon of early 20th Century Modernism, Mondrian's neoplasticism is a serious painterly and philosophical achievement. In his painting, Mondrian was deeply influenced by Theosophy, which took its influence from Eastern aesthetics; particularly East Asian and Indian thought. However, Mondrian's approach to visual rhythm was so idiosyncratic that his contribution to studies of visual rhythm is often under-recognized. This volume shows that a close inspection of Mondrian's own writing, thinking and painting has much to tell scholars about how to understand a long forgotten aspect of visual rhythm. Rodin's famous criticism of photography ("athlete-in-motion is forever frozen") can be applied to Muybridge's zoopraxiscope, the Futurists' rendition of stroboscopic images, and Duchamp's "Nude Descending a Staircase." Through a comparative study between Mondrian's painting and these seminal works, this volume initiates a new convention for the cognition of the surface of painting as visual rhythm. "Mondrian's simultaneous emphasis on the static and the rhythmic is hardly fodder for a publicist. Eiichi Tosaki has taken on the challenge of elucidating Mondrian's theories of rhythm, and particularly his conception of "static" rhythm. The result is a tour de force that will forever alter the reader's encounter with the works of Mondrian." Prof. Kathleen Higgins. (shrink)

To become more broadly applicable, positions on AI ethics require perspectives from non-Western regions and cultures such as China and Japan. In this paper, we propose that the addition of the concept of harmony to the discussion on ethical AI would be highly beneficial due to its centrality in East Asian cultures and its applicability to the challenge of designing AI for social good. We first present a synopsis of different definitions of harmony in multiple contexts, such as music and (...) society, which reveals that the concept is, at its core, about well-balanced relationships and appropriate actions which give rise to order, balance, and aesthetically pleasing phenomena. The mediator for these well-balanced relationships isTaktwhich is an ability to act thoughtfully and sensibly according to the specific situation and to put things into proportion and order. We propose that the central challenge of building harmonizing AI is to make intelligent systems tactful and also to design and use them tactfully. For an AI system to become tactful, it needs to be able to have an advanced sensitivity to the specific contexts which it is in and their social and ethical implications and have the capability of approximately inferring the emotional and cognitive states of people with whom it is interacting. (shrink)

Das Problem der Grundlegung der Ethik wurde am Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts mit der Frage nach der "naturalistic fallacy" in England 1 und durch einen phänomenologischen V ersuch auf Grund der Werttheorie auf dem Kontinent 2 wiederum zu einem der brennenden Themen der gegenwärtigen philosophischen Be­ smnung. Während es als ein zentrales Problem in der deutschen Philo­ sophie seit Nicolai Hartmanns "Ethik" in Vergessenheit geraten und durch die "Existenzphilosophie" fast abgelöst zu sein scheint, drängt sich die philosophische Besinnung auf dieses Problem (...) in Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten auf der Basis der neu entwickelten "analytischen Philosophie" bis heute weiter in den Vordergrund 3. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse ihrer scharfsinni­ gen Analyse bieten vielleicht für unsere Fragestellung eine ganz neue Perspektive. Damit ist aber nicht gesagt, daß jene "analy­ tisch-philosophischen Bestrebungen" die Frage nach dem Problem der Grundlegung der Ethik schon klar und eindeutig beantwortet hätten, sondern nur, daß sie die Streitfrage nun viel präziser her­ ausgestellt haben. Dabei handelt es sich einerseits um die Bestim­ mung des Wesens von sittlich "Gut" und "Böse" und der Werte überhaupt, worüber sich "Intuitionisten" und "Reduktionisten" 1 Wie wohl schon bekannt ist, hob G. E. Moore die "naturalistic fallacy" in seinem Werk Principia Ethica (5. 6-x7 u. a. ) hervor und glaubte, die naturalistischen sowie die metaphysischen Reduktionismen damit zurückzuweisen und einen utilitaristischen Intuitionismus zu begründen. 2 Wenn auch verschiedene Versuche von den Neukantianern sowie von Franz Brentano unternommen worden sind, muß man Max Scheler auf diesem Gebiet den den Ausschlag gebenden Beitrag zusprechen. (shrink)

This paper presents a cross-cultural study on peoples’ negative attitude toward robots. 467 participants from seven different countries filled in the negative attitude towards robots scale survey which consists of 14 questions in three clusters: attitude towards the interaction with robots, attitude towards social influence of robots and attitude towards emotions in interaction with robots. Around one half of them were recruited at local universities and the other half was approached through Aibo online communities. The participants’ cultural background had a (...) significant influence on their attitude and the Japanese were not as positive as stereotypically assumed. The US participants had the most positive attitude, while participants from Mexico had the most negative attitude. The participants from the online community were more positive towards robots than those not involved. Previous experience in interacting with Aibo also had a positive effect, but owning an Aibo did not improve their attitude. (shrink)

Extending techniques of Dowd and those of Poizat, we study computational complexity of in the case when is a generic oracle, where is a positive integer, and denotes the collection of all -query tautologies with respect to an oracle . We introduce the notion of ceiling-generic oracles, as a generalization of Dowd's notion of -generic oracles to arbitrary finitely testable arithmetical predicates. We study how existence of ceiling-generic oracles affects behavior of a generic oracle, by which we show that is (...) not a subset of is comeager in the Cantor space. Moreover, using ceiling-generic oracles, we present an alternative proof of the fact (Dowd) that the class of all -generic oracles has Lebesgue measure zero. (shrink)

The idea that the thalamo-cortical system is the crucial constituent of the neurobiological mechanisms of consciousness has a long history. For the last few decades, however, consciousness research has to a large extent overlooked the interplay between the cortex and thalamus. Here we revive an integrated view of the neurobiology of consciousness by presenting and discussing several recent major findings about the role of the thalamocortical interactions in consciousness. Based on these findings we propose a specific cellular mechanism how thalamic (...) nuclei modulate the integration of different processing streams within single cortical pyramidal neurons. This theory is inspired by recent work done in rodents, but it integrates decades of work conducted on various species. We illustrate how this new view readily explains various properties and experimental phenomena associated with conscious experience. We discuss the implications of this idea and some of the experiments that need to be done in order to test it. Our view bridges two long-standing perspectives on the neural mechanisms of consciousness and proposes that cortical and thalamo-cortical processing interact at the level of single pyramidal cells. (shrink)

Shehtman and Skvortsov introduced Kripke bundles as semantics of non-classical first-order predicate logics. We show the structural equivalence between Kripke bundles for intermediate predicate lógics and Kripke-type frames for intuitionistic modal propositional logics. This equivalence enables us to develop the semantical study of relations between intermediate predicate logics and intuitionistic modal propositional logics. New examples of modal counterparts of intermediate predicate logics are given.

This note is a continuation of our former paper ''Complexity of the r-query tautologies in the presence of a generic oracle.'' We give a very short direct proof of the nonexistence of t-generic oracles, a result obtained first by Dowd. We also reconstitute a proof of Dowd's result that the class of all r-generic oracles in his sense has Lebesgue measure one.

The Bird Song Diamond project is a series of multifaceted and multidisciplinary installations with the aim of bringing contemporary research on bird communication to a large public audience. Using art and technology to create immersive experiences, BSD allows large audiences to embody bird communication rather than passively observe. In particular, BSD Mimic, a system for mimicking bird song, asks participants to grapple with both audition and vocalization of birdsong. The use of interactive installations for public outreach provides unique experiences to (...) a diverse audience, while providing direct feedback for artists and researchers interested in the success of such outreach. By following an iterative design process, both artists and researchers have been able to evaluate the effectiveness of each installation for promoting audience engagement with the subject matter. The execution and evaluation of each iteration of BSD is described throughout the paper. In addition, the process of interdisciplinary collaboration in our project has led to a more defined role of the artist as a facilitator of specialists. BSD Mimic has also led to further questions about the nature of audience collaboration for an engaged experience. (shrink)

dai 1-hen. [Hōgen no honshitsu] -- dai 2-hen. Hōritsu ni okeru jisshōteki to risōteki -- dai 3-hen. Hōritsu no hattatsu ni okeru hanrei no shokunō -- dai 4. Shingisoku ni kansuru jakkan no kōsatsu -- dai 5. Keiyaku no honshitsu ni kansuru jakkan no kōsatsu.

Japan has often been regarded as an ethnically homogeneous society whose restrictive immigration policies reflect the deep-seated cultural peculiarities of this ‘island nation’. By contrast, I shall argue that Japan’s post- 1945 cultural separation from the other countries of East Asia, and its strict border controls, were to a large extent products of Cold War politics. The postwar democratization of Japan went hand in hand with the introduction of tight restrictions on cross-border mobility: restrictions which had profound consequences for the (...) rights of ethnic minorities in Japan (particularly Koreans and Taiwanese). An exploration of the emergence and impact of this border control regime casts new light, not just on Japan’s role in the Northeast Asian region, but also on key limitations of nation-state centred notions of liberal democracy. (shrink)