Since the late 1960s, Roger Penrose has had the ambition to develop a new theory that rethinks the foundations of quantum mechanics. His twistor theory aims to carry out this difficult task. Although today the theory is still in development, it is no less true that it is finding more and more followers and its results are beginning to seem not as far-fetched as initially believed. The goal is still far away, but his impetus for wanting to change things is (...) still valid. (shrink)

La vigilancia tecnológica, que comienza como un mecanismo empresarial de captación y fidelización clientelar, ha conocido un desarrollo tecnológico tal que, junto a la obtención masiva de datos producidos de forma inconsciente y su tratamiento por la inteligencia artificial, ha permitido la anticipación de las tendencias y la supervisión constante de los deseos e intereses de los usuarios. La integración de vigilancia y consumo ha supuesto que esta lógica del mercado pueda ser entregada a la gubernamentalidad, transformando la racionalidad disciplinaria (...) estática en múltiples dinámicas de observación de una población móvil pero controlable en términos biopolíticos, de modo que el deseo y la libertad se convierten así en dimensiones activas de una economía política actual. Se ofrecen algunos ejemplos de este auténtico panoptismo digital, como puede comprobarse con el uso de navegadores, las aplicaciones financieras, la hipersegmentación de nichos de consumo o el internet de las cosas. Por último, se analiza el tránsito de esta vigilancia hacia una lógica de gobierno basada en la predeterminación de los intereses: es el paso del panoptismo a la gubernamentalidad. (shrink)

This project seeks to highlight the benefits of the implementation and management of the teaching digital portfolio. In today's world full of technology and tools that facilitate daily activities, education and its various processes must also embrace the digital tools available and make them the basis for any innovation and improvement process. The teaching portfolio in physics has long been the means by which teachers have organized the processes, evidence, and other results of educational work. Nowadays, all that range of (...) evidence and productions, which signify the achievement and advances in each group of students, has been able to be integrated into technology. (shrink)

The foundations of Statistical Mechanics can be recovered almost in their entirety from the principle of maximum entropy. In this work we show that its non-equilibrium generalization, the principle of maximum caliber (Jaynes, Phys Rev 106:620–630, 1957), when applied to the unknown trajectory followed by a particle, leads to Newton’s second law under two quite intuitive assumptions (both the expected square displacement in one step and the spatial probability distribution of the particle are known at all times). Our derivation explicitly (...) highlights the role of mass as an emergent measure of the fluctuations in velocity (inertia) and the origin of potential energy as a manifestation of spatial correlations. According to our findings, the application of Newton’s equations is not limited to mechanical systems, and therefore could be used in modelling ecological, financial and biological systems, among others. (shrink)

Uno de los principales aportes de Michael Dummett a la filosofía contemporánea fue la idea de que ciertas disputas tradicionales de la metafísica podían ser replanteadas a través de una caracterización semántica del realismo y el antirrealismo. Apoyándose en esta caracterización, Dummett propuso una aproximación ascendente a esas disputas. Dicha aproximación buscaba resolver los desacuerdos metafísicos entre realistas y antirrealistas mediante la formulación de teorías semánticas para ciertos conjuntos de enunciados. En este artículo argumentamos que la caracterización de Dummett no (...) captura las disputas metafísicas tradicionales y que, como consecuencia de ello, dicha caracterización no constituye un buen sustento para la aproximación ascendente. (shrink)

In this work we review the formalism used in describing the thermodynamics of first-order phase transitions from the point of view of maximum entropy inference. We present the concepts of transition temperature, latent heat and entropy difference between phases as emergent from the more fundamental concept of internal energy, after a statistical inference analysis. We explicitly demonstrate this point of view by making inferences on a simple game, resulting in the same formalism as in thermodynamical phase transitions. We show that (...) analogous quantities will inevitably arise in any problem of inferring the result of a yes/no question, given two different states of knowledge and information in the form of expectation values. This exposition may help to clarify the role of these thermodynamical quantities in the context of different first-order phase transitions such as the case of magnetic Hamiltonians. (shrink)

Con el presente artículo se buscará un acercamiento a la representación visual de algunas corporalidades que se problematizan a partir de su exclusión del sistema neoliberal, cuerpos que se utilizan o se desechan, como los marcados por el signo de la vejez o la prostitución, los cuales, sin embargo, la fotógrafa chilena Carla Yovane agrupa, en un gesto político de resistencia, bajo el signo de cuerpo sensible en sus series “¿A qué distancia miramos la diferencia?”, “Bar Clave 424 B” y (...) “Cuba”. Diamela Eltit, Sayak Valencia, Joan Fontcuberta, Georges Didi-Huberman y, obviamente, Le Breton, serán los autores teóricos que se ocuparán para el análisis de la propuesta. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se pretende evidenciar la concepción del espacio abstracto de Henri Lefebvre, que se corresponde a la concepción de su producción en la época del capitalismo. En la lectura que realiza el filósofo francés, el lugar en donde recae la violencia de este tipo de espacio es en los espacios de representación, que es el espacio vivido que se corresponde con la visión poética nietzcheana, el espacio en donde se acoge la vida cotidiana. Esta violencia se ejerce (...) por tanto, contra el deseo pero en favor del capital, contra la potencia común y en favor de la mercancía, cuestión que se manifiesta en el ámbito urbano, tanto en la planificación como en la arquitectura. El proceso de producción de este espacio en tanto abstracto tiene como rasgo esencial la represión, pero que se sustenta en la reificación de los hombres y la vida de las mercancías; en tanto no vivos, los hombres son despojados de su potencia para entrar al espacio como mano de obra funcional y operativa para el capital, negándoles la posibilidad de determinar el proceso de producción espacial, o mejor dicho, manipulando las condiciones de su producción en un sentido negativo, que atenta contra el mismo hombre. (shrink)

Kierkegaard's notion of the aesthetic covers at least two interrelated aspects. On the one hand, it defines a way of existence characterized by either the immediate embodiment or the reflective contemplation of life's possibilities. On the other hand, it indicates the investigation of those possibilities of life within the medium of certain works of art and narratives. Both aspects entail a critical approach to existence on the basis of ethical and religious presuppositions.

Kierkegaard's view of science and his rejection of the scientific systems of German idealism can be understood on the basis of his own emphasis on the necessity of a practical—rather than theoretical—comprehension of existence. Following the model of Socratic irony, he suggests that such comprehension rests on a skeptical attitude toward objective knowledge. As soon as skepticism opens up the possibility of an ethical approach to existence, however, the question is raised as to whether ethics itself, conceived of as a (...) form of knowledge, is able to give an account of existence in accordance with the presuppositions of the Christian dogma. Among those presuppositions, the notions of “sin” and “reconciliation” constitute a challenge to both pre‐Christian ethics and the epistemological framework within which this ethics situates itself. The transformation of such a framework would imply the founding of a “new science” able to embrace the idea of transcendence. (shrink)

In this writing it is presented Rawl’s proposal about the possibility of civil disobedience in the face of a democratic authority legitimately established. Rawlsian civil disobedience shows its antiauthoritarian claims depending on the maintenance of a fair order, and social society is the way of..

A tese de Søren Kierkegaard Sobre o conceito de Ironia aborda sobretudo as dificuldades associadas com a reconstrução da ironia socrática. Tais dificuldades não são apenas filológicas e tecnicamente solucionáveis, mas têm também um carácter profundamente filosófico, especialmente na medida em que a própria "negatividade" que define a ironia se projecta sobre a figura histórica de Sócrates. No tratado de Kierkegaard, a metáfora mais importante para esta negatividade irónica é a da "invisibilidade", sendo que esta se aplica em especial à (...) possível comparação entre Sócrates e Cristo. O artigo desenvolve sobretudo os tópicos da visibilidade e da invisibilidade em ordem a uma caracterização da ironia como o ponto em que o desejo e o saber interferem um com o outro. Na verdade, a função crítica atribuída à ironia diante das certezas estabelecidas é consequência desta dupla abertura a uma dialéctica do saber e a uma dialéctica do desejo. /// Kierkegaard's dissertation on The Concept of Irony deals with the difficulties linked to the historical reconstruction of Socrates' irony. Such difficulties are not only philological and technically solvable, but have also a philosophical meaning, to the extent that the same "negativity" that defines irony is projected on the historical figure of Socrates. In Kierkegaard's treatise, the major metaphor that illustrates ironic negativity is that of "invisibility", and it is related to the possible comparison between Socrates and Christ. The paper develops the topics of visibility and invisibility towards a characterization of irony as the point at which desire and knowledge interfere with each other. The critical function attributed to irony with respect to established certainties is a consequence of this double openness to a dialectics of knowledge and to a dialectics of desire. (shrink)

En el texto se llevan a cabo una serie de reflexiones en relación a la formación ética en las universidades para desde ahí edificar mejores ciudadanos. La relevancia de los estudios teóricos en la temática ética es crucial para apuntalar la comprensión de la ética y la ciudadanía en la vida práctica: sólo así podremos cambiar algo de este mundo. Además, la complejidad de nuestra realidad requiere de un pensar crítico para poder desbrozar tales complejidades, ayudándonos a comprender mejor nuestra (...) realidad y circunstancia. Sólo así podremos convertirnos en seres responsables de lo que nos toca hacer en nuestro mundo. La exigencia de un pensar ético crítico no puede dejarse de lado dado que será el único herramental que nos posibilite proyectarnos al futuro en la construcción de una mejor humanidad. (shrink)

Nietzsche’s great influence on contemporary French philosophy, especially during the last decades of the twentieth century, might be considered as the main inspiration for the emergence of the so-called «philosophy of difference». This paper retraces the key moments of that influential presence, relating the event of Nietzsche’s revival in the late sixties with the effect generated in France by the powerful interpretation offered by Heidegger. An interpretation, whose hermeneutical research for the foundation and definite unity of the nietzschean thought, seemed (...) to overlook, according to the young generation of French philosophers, the untamable plurality of meanings within Nietzsche’s texts, as well as the potentiality that his radical thinking entailed in creating new ways of philosophizing. (shrink)

The poetic work of Paul Celan provides an opportunity to display how Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneuticsdialogues with texts. The article reconstructs Gadamer’s reading of some of the poems of Celan and contrasts this interpretative approach to that of Jacques Derrida, representative of a trend of hermeneutics known as deconstruction and which is inspired by the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Derrida, who is also reader and admirer of Celan, stresses the open, secret, and unspeakable nature of the poem in contrast to the (...) hermeneuticprinciple of Gadamer that emphasizes the recovery of meaning. Despite the differences of both approaches, thearticle argues that they address some form of negativity within the poem, whose silence questions and motivatesboth readings, though they go in different directions. Being able to listen carefully to the negativity of thepoem, to what is unspeakable within the poetic work of Celan, reveals itself as a common motivation in these contemporaneous philosophers, which turns out to make them look closer than they appear to be at first sight. (shrink)

El llamado transhumanismo es un proyecto antropotécnico que pretende aumentar las facultades físicas y cognitivas del ser humano mediante el empleo intensivo de las nuevas tecnologías. No obstante, examinado bajo la lente del pensamiento de Heidegger tal proyecto confirma la idea del filósofo alemán de que la técnica moderna es un dispositivo ontológico en el que la totalidad de los entes es emplazada como existencias o recursos explotables. Así pues, en un primer momento el artículo se sirve de la reflexión (...) heideggeriana sobre la técnica para exhibir el peligro de deshumanización que envuelve al proyecto transhumanista. En un segundo momento, en cambio, se pone al descubierto la limitación de su pensamiento para salir al paso de manera aún más eficaz frente al peligro del transhumanismo al rehusarse a afirmar el carácter esencialmente viviente del ser humano. (shrink)

En este texto se pretende mostrar la importante tarea que llevó a cabo Vico en torno a la diversidad de culturas, y la posibilidad de comprensión entre ellas, por medio del método hermenéutico que parte de la fantasía. Una apuesta por el pluralismo cultural y el entendimiento de los pueblos desde la categoría de lo (sentido) "común".

IntroductionAfter three decades of the absolute prohibition of abortion, Chile enacted Law 21,030, which decriminalizes voluntary pregnancy termination when the person is at vital risk, when the embryo or fetus suffers from a congenital or genetic lethal pathology, and in pregnancy due to rape. The law incorporates conscientious objection as a broad right at the individual and institutional levels.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the exercise of conscientious objection in public health institutions, describing and analyzing its consequences and (...) proposals to prevent it from operating as structural violence.Materials and methodsThis study uses a qualitative, post-positivist design. At the national level, according to the chain technique, people who were identified as key actors due to their direct participation in implementing the law were included. Grounded theory was used to analyze the information obtained through a semi-structured interview. The methodological rigor criteria of transferability or applicability, dependability, credibility, auditability, and theoretical-methodological adequacy were met.ResultsData from 17 physicians, 5 midwives, 6 psychologists, 8 social workers, 2 nursing technicians, and 1 lawyer are included. From an inductive process through open coding, conscientious objection as structural violence and strategies to minimize the impact of objection emerge as meta-categories. The first meta-category emerges from the barriers linked to the implementation of the law, the infringement of the rights of the pregnant person, and pseudo conscientious objection, affecting timely and effective access to pregnancy termination. The second meta-category emerges as a response from the participants, proposing strategies to prevent conscientious objection from operating as structural violence.ConclusionConscientious objection acts as structural violence by infringing the exercise of sexual and reproductive rights. The State must fulfill its role as guarantor in implementing public policies, preventing conscientious objection from becoming hegemonic and institutionalized violence. (shrink)

Pese a las recurrentes advertencias de Derrida acerca de no pasar por alto la frontera que separa la deconstrucción de la teología negativa, malentendido que, según él, desvirtuaría el radical alcance crítico pretendido por la primera, su intento por distinguirlas no siempre pareció convincente dadas las evidentes similitudes entre sus recursos retóricos y los empleados por el discurso teológico negativo, en especial, su empleo constante de la vía negativa. Este artículo busca iluminar la distinción que existe entre ambas operaciones discursivas (...) apelando para ello a la noción de juego, de manera que la negatividad del discurso derridiano aparezca, a diferencia del discurso teológico, como un juego de escritura que, en cuanto tal, le hace realmente juego a la negatividad del «ser». (shrink)

Nietzsche’s great influence on contemporary French philosophy, especially during the last decades of the twentieth century, might be considered as the main inspiration for the emergence of the so-called «philosophy of difference». This paper retraces the key moments of that influential presence, relating the event of Nietzsche’s revival in the late sixties with the effect generated in France by the powerful interpretation offered by Heidegger. An interpretation, whose hermeneutical research for the foundation and definite unity of the nietzschean thought, seemed (...) to overlook, according to the young generation of French philosophers, the untamable plurality of meanings within Nietzsche’s texts, as well as the potentiality that his radical thinking entailed in creating new ways of philosophizing. (shrink)