"CAMINOS DEL PENSAR DE NUESTRA AMÉRICA se integra con 27 ensayos, cuyos autores escriben en torno a siete materias principales: Eticidad y educación; Circunstancialidad y liberación; Literatura y expresión; Movimientos sociales ¿antiguos y modernos?; Epistemologías actuales en América Latina; Tecnología ecología y ciencia, y cierra con Temas en el tintero en América Latina, todos ellos con un objetivo común: la historia de las ideas. Gracias al trabajo metodológico y guía del doctor Mario Magallón Anaya fue posible conjuntar temas diversos entrelazando (...) ideas; este libro es resultado de sesiones de análisis en las que distintas generaciones convergieron desde sus disciplinas para pensar a nuestro mundo en estas primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI."--Back cover. (shrink)

IntroductionRheumatologists are the primary healthcare professionals responsible for patients with rheumatic diseases and should acquire medical ethical competencies, such as the informed consent process. The objective clinical structured examination is a valuable tool for assessing clinical competencies. We report the performance of 90 rheumatologist trainees participating in a station designed to evaluate the ICP during the 2018 and 2019 national accreditations.MethodsThe station was validated and represented a medical encounter in which the rheumatologist informed a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with (...) clinically active nephritis about renal biopsy. A trained patient–actor and an evaluator were instructed to assess ICP skills in obtaining formal informed consent, delivering bad news and overall communication with patients. The evaluator used a tailored checklist and form.ResultsCandidate performance varied with ICP content and was superior for potential benefit information but significantly reduced for potential complications and biopsy description. Only 17.8% of the candidates mentioned the legal perspective of ICP. Death was omitted by the majority of the candidates ; after the patient–actor challenged candidates, only 57.1% of them gave a clear and positive answer. Evaluators frequently rated candidate communications skills as superior, but ≥1 negative aspect was identified in 69% of the candidates.ConclusionsEthical competencies are mandatory for professional rheumatologists. It seems necessary to include an ethics competency framework in the curriculum throughout the rheumatology residency. (shrink)

Unfounded—conspiracy and health—beliefs about COVID-19 have accompanied the pandemic worldwide. Here, we examined cross-nationally the structure and correlates of these beliefs with an 8-item scale, using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. We obtained a two-factor model of unfounded (conspiracy and health) beliefs with good internal structure (average CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04), but a high correlation between the two factors (average latent factor correlation = 0.57). This model was replicable across 50 countries (total N = 13,579), (...) as evidenced by metric invariance between countries (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMS = 0.07) as well as scalar invariance across genders (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03) and educational levels (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03). Also, lower levels of education, more fear of COVID-19, and more cynicism were weakly associated with stronger conspiracy and health beliefs. The study contributes to knowledge about the structure of unfounded beliefs, and reveals the potential relevance of affective (i.e., fear of COVID-19) and cognitive (i.e., cynicism) factors along with demographics, in endorsing such beliefs. In summary, we obtained cross-cultural evidence for the distinctiveness of unfounded conspiracy and health beliefs about COVID-19 in terms of their structure and correlates. (shrink)

Unfounded—conspiracy and health—beliefs about COVID-19 have accompanied the pandemic worldwide. Here, we examined cross-nationally the structure and correlates of these beliefs with an 8-item scale, using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. We obtained a two-factor model of unfounded (conspiracy and health) beliefs with good internal structure (average CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04), but a high correlation between the two factors (average latent factor correlation = 0.57). This model was replicable across 50 countries (total N = 13,579), (...) as evidenced by metric invariance between countries (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMS = 0.07) as well as scalar invariance across genders (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03) and educational levels (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03). Also, lower levels of education, more fear of COVID-19, and more cynicism were weakly associated with stronger conspiracy and health beliefs. The study contributes to knowledge about the structure of unfounded beliefs, and reveals the potential relevance of affective (i.e., fear of COVID-19) and cognitive (i.e., cynicism) factors along with demographics, in endorsing such beliefs. In summary, we obtained cross-cultural evidence for the distinctiveness of unfounded conspiracy and health beliefs about COVID-19 in terms of their structure and correlates. (shrink)

Este artículo revisa la concepción de la Independencia de Antonio Caso, Alfonso Reyes, José Vasconcelos, Samuel Ramos, Juan Hernández Luna, Leopoldo Zea, Emilio Uranga y Luis Villoro. La pregunta por las “raíces ideológicas” de la Independencia guio en buena medida esta discusión intergeneracional. Miguel Hidalgo era considerado, de manera casi unánime, un héroe, ya fuese uno de la latinidad (para Caso o Reyes) o un héroe existencialista (para Villoro). El artículo adopta el presupuesto metodológico del historicismo: una idea (...) no es sino la forma de reacción de un ser humano concreto frente a sus circunstancias. (shrink)

This book introduces readers to central concepts and ideas in Mexican philosophy. Couched in stories and anecdotes from the author's life, the book offers these concepts and ideas as orientations, recommendations, or exhortation for navigating today's world. The structure and the style of the book aims at making these accessible to both specialists and non-specialist or anyone who may have had some experience with contemporary forms of marginalization, alienation, objectification, or any of the various forms of dread and accidentality familiar (...) to modern life. This, the author thinks, is most of us. Narrowing down the scope of the tradition, the author draws from the history of Mexican philosophy in the 20th century, as it is at this time that Mexican philosophy comes into its own. The book begins with two short introductions, one is an introduction philosophy in Mexico, the other to Mexican philosophy. Here, readers are introduced to Alfonso de la Veracruz, who offered the first philosophy course in the Americas in 1540 in the monastery of a small town in Michoacán, Mexico. From there, it presents four main themes from Mexican philosophy that recur in the philosophical literature. The remainder of the book serves as a "guide" for living a better, more fulfilling life. The main characters in what the author considers an uncontroversial retelling of Mexican philosophy are Antonio Caso, Samuel Ramos, Emilio Uranga, Leopoldo Zea, Jorge Portilla, Rosario Castellanos, Elsa Cecilia Frost, and, of course, persons in the author's own life. (shrink)

It is widely held that transparency incentivizes good behavior. Though that may be, sometimes, there are tradeoffs here: transparency incentivizes people to conceal genuine reasons for action and instead manufacture insincere reasons for public consumption. The evidence for this comes from moral psychology and economics: when people are observed, they acquire an incentive to make more deontological and intuitive moral judgments than they would otherwise. In contrast, transparency incentivizes politicians and leaders to make more consequentialist and calculated moral judgments than (...) they would otherwise. Transparency incentivizes people to foster distinct (inauthentic) moral identities—one personal and one public—or to make moral judgments based on reputational reasons that sometimes diverge from the moral facts. In either case, transparency can be morally and politically corrupting. (shrink)

In the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason (1787), Kant argues for the impossibility of theistic arguments, namely the ontological, cosmological, and physico-theological arguments. However, his objection relies on his classification of theistic arguments, which has been criticized by analytical philosophers of religion such as Plantinga (2012) and Swinburne (2019). Therefore, this paper aims to critically investigate two problems related to this classification: the systematic criteria of its classification and the historical sufficiency of its three theistic proofs. Regarding (...) the first problem, it will be argued that it is possible to recognize a certain systematic artificiality in Kant's classification of theistic proofs, given the criticisms of Strawson (1966) and Hegel (1812, 1830), as well as the internal critique developed by the authors of this work. Regarding the second problem, it will be argued that it is possible to indicate a certain historical insufficiency in Kant's classification of the three theistic proofs, based on brief critiques focused on some classical theologians such as Anselm, Aquinas, and Al-Ghazali. Finally, once it is justified that Kant's objection depends on this possibly artificial and insufficient classification, it will be briefly indicated that Kant does not seem as justified as he intended in his objection to theistic arguments. (shrink)

Este artículo examina cómo la separabilidad y unidad mente-cuerpo resultan clave para poner de manifiesto lo inapropiado del “teatro cartesiano”, metáfora creada por Daniel Dennett para criticar la experiencia consciente unificada en Descartes. La primera sección introduce al problema de la separabilidad cartesiana. La segunda examina cómo mente y cuerpo, separables mediante lo concebible según Descartes, resultan ser cosas metafísicamente distintas. La tercera enfatiza como separables no implica separados. La última sección enfatiza el argumento de la dis-analogía del piloto y (...) el navío, y cómo, según el filósofo francés, aunque separables, mente y cuerpo son substancias estrechamente unidas, formando un ens per se. En vista de este, criticamos la metáfora del “teatro cartesiano” de Dennett: es imposible que la mente sea un espectador, puesto que la experiencia consciente ya es unificada e incluso somatizada. Notamos, por último, que pese a Dennett, hay investigadores de la Ciencia Cognitiva que coinciden con Descartes en relación con la estrecha unión mente-cuerpo, i.e., quienes defienden que la mente es encarnada, incrustada o incluso extendida. (shrink)

En este artículo argumento que la cooperación, que explica la realidad social, no cesa necesariamente con la ofensa y el conflicto moral gianniniano. En la primera sección, introduzco el problema. En la segunda, caracterizo qué son la ofensa y el conflicto moral para Giannini. En la tercera, explicito cómo la intencionalidad colectiva serleana se fundamenta en la cooperación y en los pactos solemnes. En la cuarta, analizo cómo la ofensa y el conflicto moral no necesariamente impiden la existencia de cooperación (...) de nivel alto. Así, concluyo que la intencionalidad colectiva solo cesa cuando la cooperación alcanza su punto final. (shrink)

La presente propuesta de investigación se promueve desde las áreas de formación ética, filosófica y las ciencias sociales escolares. El objetivo principal es describir los niveles de desarrollo de pensamiento crítico a partir de los ejercicios de lectura compartida y práctica pedagógica elaborados por los estudiantes de la educación media de la jornada tarde del colegio Carlos Albán Holguín. El proceso investigativo se organizó desde los métodos mixtos, a partir del paradigma pragmático y un diseño concurrente. Se tuvo en cuenta (...) desde el enfoque cuantitativo, cuestionarios como instrumentos de recolección de datos, y, del enfoque cualitativo, las técnicas de la observación participante, grupo focal y entrevista semiestructurada. La muestra con la que se implementa la investigación es de 97 estudiantes en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 19 años. La experiencia ha permitido evidenciar como las prácticas lúdicas de lectura y reflexión ética, filosófica y social permiten generar otros ambientes de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la educación media y de la básica primaria; asimismo, ha posibilitado fortalecer habilidades socioemocionales y ciudadanas que ayudan a incidir positivamente en la toma de decisiones en temas pertinentes para los jóvenes y niños del contexto donde desarrollan sus quehaceres diarios escolares. (shrink)

From the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, it became clear that the practices of naming the disease, its nature and its handling by the health authorities, the news media and the politicians had social and ideological implications. This article presents a sociosemiotic study of such practices as reflected in a corpus of headlines of eight newspapers of four countries in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis. After an analysis of the institutional naming choices of the World Health Organization (...) and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the study focuses on the changes in newspapers’ naming patterns following the WHO’s announcement of the disease name on 11 February 2020. A subsequent political controversy related to naming in the United States is then examined in reports of The New York Times and The Washington Post as a further illustration of how public discourses and perceptions can rapidly evolve in the context of health crises. (shrink)

This article documents our collaborative ongoing struggle to disrupt the reproduction of the coloniality of knowledge in the teaching of Gender Studies. We document how our decolonial feminist activism is actualised in our pedagogy, which is guided by feminist interpretations of ‘wonder’ (Irigaray, 1999; Ahmed, 2004; hooks, 2010) read alongside decolonial theory, including that of Ramón Grosfoguel, Walter D. Mignolo and María Lugones. Using notions of wonder as pedagogy, we attempt to create spaces in our classrooms where critical self-reflection and (...) critical intellectual and embodied engagement can emerge. Our attempts to create these spaces include multiple aspects or threads that, when woven together, might enable other ways of knowing-being-doing that works towards disrupting feminist complicity with coloniality in the Australian context. (shrink)

El concepto de autopoiesis ha tenido un importante impacto en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, en la filosofía y las humanidades en general. Algunos intelectuales contemporáneos han llevado a cabo una apropiación crítica del mismo y otrxs han realizado una traspolación directa desde la biología hacia sus respectivas disciplinas y campos de interés. El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar un estudio comparativo sobre ciertos usos críticos y no críticos del concepto de autopoiesis que, en su mayoría, hasta el (...) momento no han sido examinados en profundidad y menos aún de una manera comparativa. Se trata de trabajos de investigadorxs con recorridos, intereses y posiciones ético-políticas diversas: Terry Winograd y Fernando Flores, Arturo Escobar, Félix Guattari, Rosi Braidotti, Sylvia Wynter y Donna Haraway. (shrink)

En este trabajo, se propone una clasificación epistemológica teórica para el discurso astrológico a partir de evidencia empírica a fin de abordar el problema de cómo determinar específicamente qué es lo que lo hace ilegítimo. A partir de esta clasificación, se diseñó una intervención didáctica, enmarcada en el enfoque de Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en Contexto (ECNC), con el objetivo de fomentar, en estudiantes de nivel secundario, la capacidad de distinguir enunciados cognoscitivamente ilegítimos -por infalsables o por falsos- respecto (...) de aquellos que pueden constituir genuino conocimiento científico. La secuencia didáctica se implementó con un grupo de 51 estudiantes de 14 a 17 años. Se evaluó su impacto por comparación entre un pretest y un postest. Los resultados mostraron que su capacidad de discernimiento entre enunciados falsables y no falsables se incrementó apreciablemente. (shrink)

Fundamento: El Plan D de la carrera de Estomatología concibe la existencia de una disciplina principal integradora denominada Estomatología Integral, sobre la base de la concepción de interdisciplinariedad y la mayor flexibilización curricular. Objetivo: Realizar una valoración de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Familia II del plan D de la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camaguey en Mayo 2015, mediante el análisis documental (...) del plan de estudio D y programa de la disciplina integradora, se exploraron criterios de profesores sobre las potencialidades y limitaciones del diseño curricular. Fueron encuestados directivos del proceso docente y profesores de experiencia. Resultados: En los objetivos instructivos de la carrera no se incluye el referente a la Estomatología Legal, pero está recogido en los problemas de salud, en los modos de actuación del modelo del profesional y en los objetivos del 4to año donde se imparte la asignatura. La formulación del primer objetivo instructivo se considera muy general y amplia. Conclusiones: La ubicación de la asignatura es correcta en la malla curricular. Tiene suficientes horas de Educación en el trabajo y es adecuada la proporción de las actividades teóricas; como aspectos negativos contenido resalta la extensión y amplitud del tercer tema y la escasez y pobre actualización de la literatura docente. Introduction: The Curriculum D of Dentistry career conceives the existence of a main integrated discipline called Comprehensive Dentistry on the basis of the multi-disciplinary conception and the most curricular flexibility. Objective: To make an assessment of the subject Family Comprehensive Attention II Curriculum D of Dentistry career. Methods: A descriptive-transverse study was performed in the Dentistry Faculty of the University of Medical Sciences in May 2015 by means of the documentary analysis of the Curriculum D and the syllabus of the comprehensive discipline, different professors´criteria were explored about the potencialities and limitations of the curricular design. The board of directors of the teaching process as well as experienced professors were interviewed. Results: The instructive objectives of the career are not included in Legal Dentistry but they are taken into account when dealing with heath problems, the ways of behavior of the future professional and the objectives of the 4th-year subject. The formulation of the first instructive objective is considered very general and broad. Conclusions: Its location is correct bearing in mind the curricular design. It contains enough hours for the practice at dental clinics and a correct gradation of the theoretical activities, a very broad and lengthy content in topic III as well as scarce and not updated literature were the negative aspects. (shrink)

Machine stability and energy efficiency have become major issues in the manufacturing industry, primarily during the COVID-19 pandemic where fluctuations in supply and demand were common. As a result, Predictive Maintenance (PdM) has become more desirable, since predicting failures ahead of time allows to avoid downtime and improves stability and energy efficiency in machines. One type of machine failure stands out due to its impact, machine overstrain, which can occur when machines are used beyond their tolerable limit. From the current (...) literature, there are little to no relevant works that focus on machine overstrain failure detection or prediction. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to implement and compare four Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for PdM applied to machine overstrain failures: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Moreover, it proposes a training methodology for imbalanced data and the automatic optimization of hyperparameters, which aims to improve performance in the ML models. To evaluate the performance of the ML models, a synthetic dataset that simulates industrial machine data is used. The obtained results show the robustness of the proposed methodology, with the ANN and SVM models achieving a perfect recall score, with 98.95% and 98.85% in accuracy, respectively. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the way in which Kojève influences the thought of Georges Bataille and Jacques Lacan, with an emphasis on the way in which each understands violence. We will defend the thesis that, despite the important theoretical and stylistic distances that separate them, in both cases violence appears as a doubled negativity. In Bataille, violence is, on the one hand, negativity without employment - that is, woundedness, existential tearing - and, on the other hand, (...) subjection to labour and discourse. In Lacan, violence is dehiscence, vital insufficiency and, at the same time, the specular rivalry inherent in the formation and dynamics of the ego. Keywords: negativity, violence, Bataille, Lacan Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de explorar el modo en que Kojève influyó en el pensamiento de Georges Bataille y Jacques Lacan, haciendo hincapié en el modo en que cada uno entiende la violencia. Defenderemos la tesis de que, a pesar de las importantes distancias teóricas y estilísticas que los separan, en ambos casos la violencia aparece como negatividad duplicada. En Bataille, la violencia es, por un lado, negatividad sin empleo, esto es, herida, desgarro existencial y, por otro lado, sujeción al trabajo y al discurso. En Lacan, la violencia es dehiscencia, es decir, inacabamiento vital y, al mismo tiempo, la rivalidad especular inherente a la formación y la dinámica del yo. Palabras clave: negatividad, violencia, Bataille, Lacan. (shrink)

In this article, I review the new book by C. D. Novaes, The Dialogical Roots of Deduction: Historical, Cognitive, and Philosophical Perspectives on Reasoning. I reconstruct the main themes and arguments presented in the work and critically assess its results.

In current philosophy of information, different authors have been supporting the veridicality thesis (VT). According to this thesis, an epistemically-oriented concept of information must have truth as one of its necessary conditions. Two challenges can be raised against VT. First, some philosophers object that veridicalists erroneously ignore the informativeness of false messages. Secondly, it is not clear whether VT can adequately explain the information considered in hypothetical reasoning. In this sense, logical diagrams offer an interesting case of analysis: by manipulating (...) a logical diagram we can verify that a certain conclusion follows from a set of premises, but it cannot help us to determine the actual truth-value of a given set of propositions. Focusing on the latter challenge, in this paper I claim that logical diagrams set out potential counterexamples to VT and, consequently, pose a real challenge to this thesis. First, a veridicalist analysis of logical diagrams requires the assumption of metatheoretical properties which are not satisfied by some logical systems (and, consequently, are not satisfied by some systems of logical diagrams). So, VT does not fit well as a general framework for a theory of logical diagrammatic information. Secondly, based on semantic inferentialism, one can propose a normative interpretation of the inferential content of logical diagrams not exposed to the problems faced by VT. Moreover, there are several reasons to believe that veridicalism cannot accommodate such a normative interpretation. In other words, normativism represents a real (though still underexplored) alternative to veridicality. Due to these reasons, I conclude that, until further research, we should adopt a more parsimonious standpoint and say that logical diagrams provide inferential information simply. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise comparativa da forma como Edith Stein e Simone Weil desenvolvem o conceito de “corpo”, sobretudo em escritos de juventude. Para isso, partimos de uma análise de como cada uma das filósofas entende a corporeidade, indicando, a seguir, as semelhanças e diferenças. Embora encontremos diversos estudos apontando a afinidade entre as autoras, tais trabalhos costumam investigar as semelhanças biográficas, ou o envolvimento de ambas com a vivência mística. Seguindo, no entanto, um caminho pouco (...) explorado, procuramos analisar as convergências e divergências, no que diz respeito, especificamente, à noção de corpo, demonstrando, através deste estudo, como tanto Stein como Weil apresentam considerações originais em torno do tema, assunto, também, pouco investigado nas pesquisas sobre a fenomenologia da corporeidade. (shrink)

The case of nonvoluntary euthanasia shows that the current definition of euthanasia must be more accurately determined. Euthanasia refers necessarily to the ending of life due to serious illness which must be expanded to include the lack of any capacity to give sense to life. A person in this latter position would be under lasting and unbearable suffering, perhaps unconscious, and incapable of leading her own life. The ethics of euthanasia must take these considerations into account. The will does not (...) found the ethical decision. This is based instead on the reasonableness of continuing life under these circumstances. Voluntary euthanasia, as well as nonvoluntary, is founded on the right that every person who suffers under these conditions has to put an end to her life. It is understood that this is the only way to escape from such misfortune when life does not make sense any longer. The topic of euthanasia has a political dimension that is associated with the contemporary practice of medicine and the defense of human rights in our society. At the foundational level, euthanasis is unitary; the distinction between voluntary and nonvoluntary establishes only further precision, not a fundamental one. (shrink)

Este artículo, dedicado al cuento de Miguel de Unamuno titulado Mecanópolis, analiza el contenido y significación del escrito y su relación con la evolución intelectual de su autor a propósito de las consecuencias preocupantes de un mundo regido por la presencia de las máquinas. Advierte el autor sobre la creciente idolatría a la mecanización y un sentido del progreso y del cientificismo errados en su concepción de la condición humana. También se destacan algunos de los rasgos de las distopías tecnológicas (...) y cientificistas, de las que Unamuno se hará eco en este relato, homologable con el género especulativo del pensamiento utópico. Por medio de imágenes y símbolos con valor poético recurrentes en su obra, entre otros, el desierto, el oasis, la sed y el vergel, Unamuno apuesta por recuperar la centralidad de la cuestión antropológica. (shrink)

En los últimos años, el filósofo surcoreano radicado en Alemania, Byung-Chul Han, viene marcando nuevos derroteros para la reflexión filosófica usando el potencial teórico que surge de la comprensión de las nuevas realidades sociales, políticas y económicas, que marcan esta época de evolución neoliberal y de desarrollo tecnológico, en el contexto de la cuarta Revolución Industrial. Así, temas como la transformación de la biopolítica en psicopolítica se convierten en un punto muy relevante para el análisis de las sociedades actuales y (...) sus derivas. Con este trasfondo de pensamiento, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo sumergirseen las argumentaciones de Han, explorando el papel crucial que desempeñan las emociones en las sociedades del rendimiento, del cansancio y de la infocracia, acudiendo a la metáfora de la “rueda del hámster” como imagen evocadora de las dinámicas de las sociedades actuales. De esta forma, se presenta una perspectiva innovadora de la complejidad del siglo XXI, al adentrarnos en determinados matices del pensamiento de Han, en conexión con la realidad palpable de las emociones, que actúan como el combustible que impulsa a cada individuo en su propia “rueda existencial”. Esta articulación con las experiencias emocionales contribuyede manera significativa a las discusiones contemporáneas acerca de la naturaleza humana en contextos de innovación tecnológica. (shrink)

Se presentan resultados parciales del "Proyecto Investigativo Institucional para el desarrollo sociohumanista de los profesionales de salud" que se despliega en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo desde el año 2016. Los procedimientos seguidos se corresponden con los de una investigación cualitativa en tanto permitieron caracterizar el estado de la educación sociohumanista en profesionales de la salud que se forman en la institución y el nivel de desarrollo de competencia sociohumanista en ese proceso. Mediante la investigación bibliográfica se precisan (...) sus definiciones, referentes teóricos y las tendencias que sigue la educación médica contemporánea mientras que la aplicación de otros métodos de investigación posibilitó establecer los elementos característicos, así como las dimensiones de su desarrollo en los profesionales de la salud. A partir de estas informaciones primarias, se cumplió el objetivo de diseñar la estrategia didáctica que favorezca, mediante un sistema de acciones, la aplicación del enfoque educativo sociohumanista en el contexto de la superación profesional orientada al logro de competencia sociohumanista en el modo de actuación de los profesionales de la salud que beneficie la calidad de su servicio. Partial results of the are presented "I Project Investigative Institutional for the sociohumanist development of the professionals of health" that spreads in the University of Medical Sciences of Guantánamo from the year 2016. The followed procedures belong together with those of a qualitative investigation as long as they allowed to characterize the state of the sociohumanist education in professionals of the health that are formed in the institution and the level of development of sociohumanist competence in that process. By means of the bibliographical investigation they are necessary their definitions, relating theoretical and the tendencies that it follows the contemporary medical education while the application of other investigation methods facilitated to establish the characteristic elements, as well as the dimensions of its development in the professionals of the health. Starting from these primary informations, the objective was completed of designing the didactic strategy that it favored, by means of a system of actions, the application of the focus sociohumanist educational in the context of the professional superation guided to the achievement of sociohumanist competence in the way of the professionals' of the health performance that benefits the quality of its service. (shrink)

El término flexible 5 de acuerdo con el diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Española, significa "que tiene disposición para doblarse fácilmente" o "para acomodarse al dictamen de otro". En Colombia se viene usando este término, desde mucho antes de la reforma al Régimen Laboral que concluyó con la expedición de la Ley 50 de 1990, y se ha seguido utilizando de manera continua cada vez que se plantea la necesidad de una reforma en este campo. Pero nos (...) hemos preguntado, ¿para qué sirve la llamada "Flexibilización Laboral" en nuestro país?. (shrink)

El interrogante que se hace, sobre si en Colombia nos estamos viendo abocados a tener dos sistemas de justicia diferentes, o, por el contrario, es sólo un sistema de justicia protectora de los derechos con una nueva interpretación de las disposiciones, dándole su verdadero sentido y alcance conforme con la Constitución Política a partir de 1991, tiene plena actualidad, y es de gran linportancia siempre que abotdemos cualquiera de los temas del derecho, en especial, los correspondientes al derecho laboral y (...) a la seguridad social integral, puesto que estos últimos conllevan implícitamente el respeto por los derechos y la dignidad humana. (shrink)

Neuroscience research has shown that meditation practices have effects on brain structure and function. However, few studies have combined information on the effects on structure and function in the same sample. Long-term daily meditation practice produces repeated activity of specific brain networks over years of practice, which may induce lasting structural and functional connectivity changes within relevant circuits. The aim of our study was therefore to identify differences in FC during the resting state between 23 Sahaja Yoga Meditation experts and (...) 23 healthy participants without meditation experience. Seed-based FC analysis was performed departing from voxels that had shown structural differences between these same participants. The contrast of connectivity maps yielded that meditators showed increased FC between the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but reduced FC between the left insula and the bilateral mid-cingulate as well as between the right angular gyrus and the bilateral precuneus/cuneus cortices. It thus appears that long-term meditation practice increases direct FC between ventral and dorsal frontal regions within brain networks related to attention and cognitive control and decreases FC between regions of these networks and areas of the default mode network. (shrink)

Martha Nussbaum es fundamentalmente una filósofa política y moral que, cimentada en la tradición aristotélica, ha logrado integrar en unapostura teórica una visión de la justicia social con una perspectiva sobre la naturaleza y el cultivo de ciertas emociones morales que resultan apropiadas para edificar una nueva ciudadanía democrática. Para nuestra autora, la justicia no puede estar desligada del accionar de las personas en la vida cotidiana, por tanto, considera que este vínculo se puede materializar mediante el cultivo de las (...) emociones, las cuales se entienden como elementos claves de la vida moral que afinan nuestra percepción del mundo y orientan nuestras elecciones. Guiados por esta noción, en este artículo presentamos algunos aspectos fundamentales del pensamiento político de Nussbaum, mostrando la transición que la autora experimenta en sus teorías desde las posturas del liberalismo de Rawls hasta consolidar su propia visión de la “justicia compasiva”, la cual es unaforma concreta de apuntalar la norma pública que defiende cómo todas las personas merecen igual respeto y dignidad. En este recorrido igualmente reflexionaremos sobre la influencia de las posturas comunitaristas de finales del siglo XX en los ideales de ciudadanía de la filósofa de Chicago. (shrink)

La imaginación literaria y su relación con la vida moral ocupa un lugar destacado dentro del proyecto filosófico de Martha Nussbaum. Desde sus años de estudios doctorales en Harvard, la filósofa encontró importantes eslabonamientos entre las tramas narrativas y un sentido normativo de la vida que emerge al contemplar diversos personajes que actúan en la contingencia, y que ponen al descubierto nuestra radical vulnerabilidad. De acuerdo con esto, en este artículo se reconstruyen aspectos importantes de la herencia cultural que Martha (...) Nussbaum recibe de la literatura y la filosofía griega antiguas, haciendo un énfasis en la manera como la autora establece innovadoras conexiones entre la imaginación literaria y la filosofía práctica de Aristóteles para cimentar un proyecto filosófico que hoy en día brinda luces para comprender aspectos de nuestra vida emocional, y de nuestra aspiración a construir sociedades más justas y solidarias. (shrink)

In this article, an attempt was made to identify the level of community social participation according to age, gender and the structural characteristics of the personal support networks in a population displaced by floods in the Colombian Caribbean. The research was based in a non-experimental methodology with an associative-relational strategy. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 151 people affected by the winter wave in the south of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia) was selected. In total, the study included 42 males (27.8 (...) %) and 109 females (72.2 %) participants, with an average age of 37.48 (±14, Range 18 - 80) and average relocation time of 21.79 months (± 8.22, Range 5-36). The Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) and Community Empowerment instruments were responded to with an instrument adapted from the leadership competence factor. The results show lower rates of intermediation in the older population, and the relationship between social participation and gender shows equally cohesive social support networks in men and women. This evidence is discussed to promote psychosocial interventions aimed to increase community engagement and empowerment of people that have experienced non-voluntary mobility processes. (shrink)

Cada concepción de la persona responde a un modelo antropológico determinado. Sin embargo, todas confluyen como mínimo, en dos aspectos: todas las personas son receptoras de su vida y todas comparten un anhelo último de felicidad. Pero, ¿qué implicaciones tiene esto en la búsqueda del éxito del hombre? ¿Es compatible con la vinculación al otro? ¿Qué implica ser altruista y qué rol desempeña esta conducta en la consecución del éxito? ¿Es el ser humano altruista de forma innata? De este modo, (...) se pretende analizar el fenómeno del altruismo, su origen y su sentido en la persecución del éxito de la persona desde las dimensiones biológica, psicológica y antropológica que conforman a la persona. (shrink)