This work tries to give the possible most suitable vision of the Generation of 98 regarding the purposes and interest of the main authors: Azorín, Pío Baroja, Miguel Unamuno, Antonio Machado and José Ortega y Gasset.

In this essay are sketched out the philosophical features of the 98's generation, which is characterized by a tragical tension between radicalism, utopia, and nichilism. Altought it has not elaborated a Philosophy in a proper sense but only a kind of reflection in form of ensayo or novel, typical manifestation of an age of crisis, it expresses primarilly and essentially an ontological and existential pessimism, which has a relevance not only for Spain but also for Europe, facing the typical dilemma (...) between positivistic scientism and moral ideals. (shrink)

Dentro de la variedad de miradas que se han establecido en torno del 98 cubano desde la historiografía, se considera de suma importancia realizar un cuestionamiento histórico-filosófico sobre el conflicto, pero partiendo de la idea de la "guerra" como concepto complejo. En este escrito se busca teorizar sobre la guerra, con el fin de dar a conocer los postulados de José Martí al respecto, en relación con los debates suscitados en el marco de los neocolonialismos y el desarrollo del proceso (...) independentista de Cuba. Among the many views that has been established around Cuban 98 from the historiography, we consider of extreme importance to make a historical-philosophical questioning about the conflict, but starting from the idea of war as a complex concept. In this paper we theorize about war to show Jose Martí's postulates in this respect, particularly in relation to the debates raised around neocolonialism and Cuban independence process development. (shrink)

The concept “generation of the 98” has been certainly an invention of literary classification, but it has some difficulties in its application. It is urgent to rethink this concept to fit it to the historical reality of the 98, to enrich it with other contemporary contributions. This paper wants to elaborate a complete concept of that year (1898), that could include the collected papers in this Anuario Filosófico.

Duncan Foley’s Unholy Trinity: Labor, capital, and land in the new economy is the sixth in the series of Graz Schumpeter Lectures published by Routledge, all relatively slim volumes elucidating themes arguably related to Schumpeter, if just peripherally, and that usually summarize major arguments of the authors (previous authors were Stanley Metcalfe, Brian Loasby, Nathan Rosenberg, Ian Steedman, and Erich Streissler). In this one, which deals with questions of induced technological change in several sections, Foley attempts to provide an integration (...) of ideas that have evolved through his varied career, from high general equilibrium theorist (Foley, 1967), through deep student of Marxian economics (Foley, 1986), to complexity theorist (Foley, 1994; for more detailed discussion of his personal and intellectual path see Colander et al, 2004, Chapter 7). A central argument is that the classical political economists, not just Marx but also Adam Smith and Malthus with Ricardo (largely lumped together in his analysis), developed ideas that are well suited to representation and understanding using the methods of modern complexity economics, themes of dynamic out-of-equilibrium selforganization in systems with boundedly rational agents, in contrast to the requirements for full Walrasian general equilibrium that he studied early in his career. (shrink)

I argue that letter 98 of Book 10 of Pliny's Letters (= Epistulae) was deliberately moved from its original position in the sequence of letters in order to serve as a metaphor for the solution to the problem of Christians in Bithynia and Pontus. This solves a chronological problem in Pliny's Letters and is evidence of the hand of an active editor.

The following statement is the formal opinion by the Swedish National Council on Medical Ethics concerning the implementation of Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament concerning legal protection of biotechnical inventions, and the implications and implementation of this Directive in Sweden.

In the end of XIX century, the Spanish neon-scholastic mainly in her ethical-social and political direction, came near to the main problems of this time. This paper analyze the thought of Catalan priest Torras i Bages and his contribution with his regionalistic doctrine inspired by neon-tomismo, to the configuration of the traditional and catholic catalanism of beginnings of century XX.

The paper deals with the critic of the interpretation of the relationship between the Quijote and the idea of Spain by the "Generation of 98".

In the background to Ortega’s controversial relationship with some of the most prominent members of the Spanish Generation of '98, there is a gradual shift in Ortega’s original idealism towards a pragmatism. This move takes him from an original confrontation with Maeztu and Baroja to a later critical —even cryptic— acceptance of several of their philosophical theses. The 50th anniversary of the deaths of Ortega and Baroja is a good opporunity to begin an exploration of the question.

La semantización de 98 cubano nos remite a hechos contextualizados en torno a un proceso, entendido como un cúmulo de acontecimientos que exceden al año signado. Nos referimos al conflicto que en diversos momentos enfrenta a España con Cuba y a España con Estados Unidos, desde mediados del siglo XIX en territorio caribeño y en el encuadre del proceso al que aludíamos. La conceptualización utilizada en torno al tema planteado, actúa como un significante de referente de identidad, partiendo de un (...) nosotros genuino y como alternativa a lo establecido por la historiografía tradicional. Partimos de una investigación centrada en la identificación y análisis de las formas de mediatización que los semanarios argentinos Cuba Libre y La República de Cuba (Buenos Aires 1896-1898) realizaron sobre el proceso independentista cubano de fines del siglo XIX, como un problema crítico, desagregado de la Historia política continental. Dicho proceso nos remite obligadamente a identificar grupos políticos que representan conjuntos de ideas en lucha vinculadas a una transformación política. En este sentido vemos la necesidad de posicionarnos desde una tríada multidisciplinar que logrará una interconectividad articulada sobre la Historia de las Ideas, la Historia Política y el Campo Comunicacional. La tríada planteada nos permitirá vincular, dialécticamente, las ideas políticas de los protagonistas de la lucha en Cuba con las provenientes del campo comunicacional periodístico argentino de ese presente, en el intento de rescatar una postura frente al resto de las producciones periódicas de nuestro país. (shrink)

In the end of XIX century, the Spanish neon-scholastic mainly in her ethical-social and political direction, came near to the main problems of this time. This paper analyze the thought of Catalan priest Torras i Bages and his contribution with his regionalistic doctrine inspired by neon-tomismo, to the configuration of the traditional and catholic catalanism of beginnings of century XX.

In his comments, Daniel Nicholls succeeds in saying more than a few things that I had scarcely realized about the ways in which I write and, therefore, of what I tend to take for granted. He sees in what I write a capacity ‘to utilize the “obvious” whilst at the same time saying something about it.’ Not every philosopher would take that as a compliment. Many philosophers and philosophies have quite other pretensions – to transcend the illusions of common thought (...) and perception towards a higher plane of metaphysical philosophy – or of physics and mathematics. I find that Nicholls’s remark both compliments and complements my work, however. The use of everyday language and example to disturb that everyday world to ‘bring it into high relief’ as Nicholls puts it – is a significant part of philosophical method. To juxtapose the esoteric language of metaphysics (being-in-itself, being-for-itself, being-for-others) with the everyday (what there is, living for oneself, living for others) is to haunt the everyday with a metaphysical imagination even as it reveals what metaphysics had erased from the coinage of common words. (I am thinking, of course, of Derrida’s remarks about Anatole France’s satirical view of philosophical language as coinage from which all marking has been erased). (shrink)

English summary: With his research on early Greek philosophy, Hermann Diels created the definitive works of his era, and his Fragments of the Presocratics remains the standard work on the topic. However, the scholar never published a panorama of his unmatched knowledge. For the first time, a transcript of the lecture in which Diels represented his vision of Hellenic thought is now available. The script from the 1897/98 winter semester documents the oratory and pedagogy of the great Hellenist and was (...) provided by one of his exceptional students, the Munich-based Egyptologist Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing. Diels proved himself as a clear-headed thinker discussing the historical course of early proverbial wisdom, the natural and political theory of Plato, and the conceptual precision of Aristotle. Central figures such as Anaximander, Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Democritus are concisely drawn and colored. Thus the text offers an absorbing picture of the origins of theoretical consciousness in Europe. German text. German description: Mit seinen Forschungen zur fruehgriechischen Philosophie hat Hermann Diels Epoche gemacht; seine aFragmente der Vorsokratiker sind weiterhin das Standardwerk zum Thema. Nie jedoch hat der Gelehrte ein Panorama seines unerreichten Wissens veroffentlicht. Erstmals wird nun eine Mitschrift jener Vorlesung zuganglich, in der Diels seine Sicht des hellenischen Denkens darstellte. Das Skript aus dem Wintersemester 1897/98 dokumentiert vorzueglich Sprachkraft und Padagogik des grossen Grazisten; es stammt von einem Ausnahme-Studenten, dem spateren Muenchner Agyptologen Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing.Im historischen Gang von frueher Spruchweisheit bis zur Natur- und Staatslehre Platons und der begrifflichen Prazisionsarbeit des Aristoteles hebt Diels besonders das Fortwirken grosser Denkmuster hervor. Zentrale Gestalten wie Anaximander, Heraklit, Parmenides oder Demokrit sind pragnant und farbig gezeichnet. So bietet der Text ueber seinen fachhistorischen Wert hinaus ein fesselndes Bild der Urspruenge theoretischen Bewusstseins in Europa. (shrink)