Wir leben in einem Zeitalter der Angst, im Phobozän, wie Jens Soentgen sagt, der die global grassierende Angst der Tiere vor den Menschen zu erfassen sucht. Von daher wird die Traditionslinie der europäischen Philosophie untersucht, die das Verhältnis von Mensch und Tier bestimmt, indem sie es zugleich zerstört. Charakteristisch ist dabei die Heraushebung des Menschen aus der Gemeinsamkeit mit den Lebewesen; der Mensch hat eine Sonder- und Höherstellung im Kreis des Seienden inne. Das ist sein Speziesismus, der sich schon in (...) antiker Tradition, aber auch bei Herder und später bei Husserl, Heidegger und Derrida in unterschiedlicher Vehemenz zeigt. Dagegen werden die Tier-Mensch-Reflexionen von Montaigne als singuläre Leistung der Kritik der anthropologischen Sonderstellung, aber auch als ironische Umkehrungen der habituellen Bewertung der Mensch-Tier-Relationen dargestellt. Donna Haraway, die gern den Herzschlag der Erneuerung in einer unheilen Welt darstellt, wird dagegen mit ihrer Theorie des Chthuluzän und ihren Versuchen einer neuen companionship, einer kulturellen Sympoiesis zwischen Menschen und Tieren als eine späte Nachfolgerin der Romantik charakterisiert. Das mag als Symptom der Schuld und der Wiedergutmachung hingehen, eine Lösung der abgründigen Störungen im Tier-Mensch-Verhältnis liegt darin ebenso wenig wie die Aussicht auf eine neue Anthropologie. (shrink)

The essays in this volume approach the phenomenon of war from antiquity to Clausewitz from the perspective of a variety of disciplines.

So many things have a meaning for us. How is it possible and how can we deal with it? In "gestures of attention" (rituals) we understand it, Hartmut Böhme says, and we produce it ourselves, Aby M. Warburg and Ernst Cassirer are suggesting. That means the producer and the recipient are responsible for their doing. -/- So vieles in unserem Leben hat für uns eine Bedeutung. Wie kommt das und wie können wir damit umgehen? In "Gesten der Zuwendung" (Rituale), (...) so Hartmut Böhme, erfassen wir diese und es sind wir selbst, die diese herstellen, wie es vertiefend Aby M. Warburg und Ernst Cassirer eröffnen. D.h. nicht nur der Produzent, sondern auch der Rezipient sind für ihr jeweiliges "Tun" verantwortlich. (shrink)

In this classic work David Bohm, writing clearly and without technical jargon, develops a theory of quantum physics which treats the totality of existence as an unbroken whole.

Hartmut Rosa advances an account of the temporal structure of society from the perspective of critical theory. He identifies three categories of change in the tempo of modern social life: technological acceleration, evident in transportation, communication, and production; the acceleration of social change, reflected in cultural knowledge, social institutions, and personal relationships; and acceleration in the pace of life, which happens despite the expectation that technological change should increase an individual's free time. According to Rosa, both the structural and (...) cultural aspects of our institutions and practices are marked by the "shrinking of the present," a decreasing time period during which expectations based on past experience reliably match the future. When this phenomenon combines with technological acceleration and the increasing pace of life, time seems to flow ever faster, making our relationships to each other and the world fluid and problematic. It is as if we are standing on "slipping slopes," a steep social terrain that is itself in motion and in turn demands faster lives and technology. As Rosa deftly shows, this self-reinforcing feedback loop fundamentally determines the character of modern life. (shrink)

Contemporary theory of international politics faces a twofold problem: the critical engagement with legacies of national power politics in connection to 20th Century International Relations and the regeneration of notions of humanity. This book contributes to this engagement by a genealogy of thoughts on war, peace, and ethics"--Provided by publisher.

O cuidado espiritual é um componente essencial para a qualidade dos serviços em cuidados paliativos (CP). Este artigo apresenta a revisão da literatura empírica sobre cuidadores(as) espirituais que atuam nos Cuidados Paliativos. O método utilizado foi a revisão integrativa, com levantamento nas bases Periódicos CAPES, PsycARTICLES e PubMed. Após exame das 643 publicações encontradas, 54 estudos foram selecionados para análise, categorizados em quatro grandes temas: “identidade dos(as) cuidadores(as) espirituais”, “capacitação dos(as) cuidadores(as) espirituais”, “atuação dos(as) cuidadores(as) espirituais” e “impactos da atuação (...) dos(as) cuidadores(as) espirituais”. O suporte espiritual é fator vital para o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida no fim da vida, sendo que o cuidado paliativo transdisciplinar é fundamental para prover atendimento às necessidades espirituais e psicossociais, o que será facilitado pela adoção de métodos padronizados. Currículos de treinamento e ferramentas de avaliação específicos permitem a avaliação sistemática nos resultados dos pacientes, familiares e clínicos. Considerando a importância da religiosidade no contexto cultural brasileiro, o aprofundamento do tema do cuidado espiritual é de grande relevância para profissionais que trabalham em CP. A Bioética e a Teologia são chamadas a contribuir com estudos nessa área a fim de que o cuidado espiritual possa ser efetivamente integrado nas equipes de CP. (shrink)

This book develops a notion of differences and "otherness" beyond hegemonic and hierarchical thinking as represented by the legacies of Western philosophical and political thinking. In doing so, it relates to the 20th Century phenomenological discourse, especially to Georg Simmel, Alfred Schütz, Emmanual Lévinas, and Jacques Derrida, and drafts our understanding of difference as a genuine human experience of a social and political world that is in motion and transformative, rather than static and predictable. On this basis of temporalized ontology (...) and its normative consequences, differences are drafted as a positive social and political force and as powerful capacities of transformation and change. In practical terms, this understanding is most important for our theorizing and acting upon peace, peace-building, and conflict solution. Differences appear now not as obstacle to peace and reconciliation, but as lively and constructive articulation of "otherness" and as a positive power of transformation, emancipation, and change.This book will be of interest to students of international relations, philosophy, and political theory. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 100 Heft: 2 Seiten: 540-544.

If we are to find the criteria for critical analyses of social arrangements and processes not in some abstract, universalist framework, but from the guiding ‘self-interpretations’ of the societies in question, as contemporary contextualist and ‘communitarian’ approaches to social philosophy suggest, the vexing question arises as to where these self-interpretations can be found and how they are identified. The paper presents a model according to which there are four interdependent as well as partially autonomous spheres or ‘levels’ of socially relevant (...) self-interpretation that have to be taken into account equally in order to provide a sound basis for social and political criticism. Thus, it is from the tensions and incoherences between (A) social ideas and doctrines, (B) social institutions and practices, (C) individual beliefs and convictions, and (D) body-practices and habits that social pathologies can be identified and possible solutions can be envisaged. (shrink)

In this clear and accessible book, Gernot Bohme places philosophical ethics in the context of our individual and social lives. Arguing against the conception of ethics as a body of knowledge, Bohme defines morality as a matter of 'serious questions'. In the case of an individual, a serious question is one that determines that person's mode of living. In the case of society, a serious question is one that shapes our social norms. In Ethics in Context, Bohme explores the key (...) areas of moral living and moral discourse. He examines some of the urgent issues affecting society today, such as the moral implications of reproductive technology, man's mastery over nature and the right of citizenship. This book is a lucid and engaging guide to ethics, which will be of great interest to students of philosophy and, indeed, to all those interested in the subject. (shrink)

Although Weber's path-breaking work on the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism has received much attention ever since it first appeared in 1904-5, recent research has uncovered important new aspects. This volume, the result of an international, interdisciplinary effort, throws new light on the intellectual and cultural background of Weber's work, debates recent criticism of Weber's thesis, and confronts new historical insight on the seventeenth century with Weber's interpretation. Revisiting Weber's thesis serves to deepen our understanding of Weber as (...) much as it will stimulate further research. (shrink)

Main description: Untersucht wird das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen einer Theorie der Interpretation, wie sie von den Dialogfiguren vorgetragen wird, und der Praxis der Dichterauslegung, die in den fingierten Gesprächen von Platon inszeniert wird. Methodisch einer historisch reflektierten Hermeneutik des Dialogs verpflichtet, gewinnt die Analyse neue Einsichten zu Platons literarischem und philosophischem Selbstverständnis.

The Convention on Biological Diversity opens the possibility to negotiate a legally binding Biosafety Protocol to assess and minimize risks in the field of transboundary transfer, handling, and use of organisms modified by genetic engineering. Two principles— the Precautionary Principle and the Principle of Familiarity—guiding the risk assessment as basis of import decisions on such organisms are discussed. Developing and European industrialized countries favor the Precautionary Principle. The U.S., Australia, Japan, and some others call for the Principle of Familiarity. These (...) two principles exhibit opposite effects on scientific progress in general and on scientific methodology of risk assessment in particular. With the example of risk assessment by the U.S. company Monsanto discussed below, it could be illustrated that the Principle of Familiarity opens the way for superficial evaluations based on citing arbitrary references while the Precautionary Principle is an incentive for developing and applying sound methodology in experimental risk assessment. on the transboundary transfer of such LMOs, for example, on the international exchange of and trade with transgenic seeds, grains, animals, or bacteria. The negotiations are based on Articles 19.3 and 8(g) of the Convention on Biological Diversity, elaborated during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992, and on Decision II/5 of the Second Conference of the Parties to this Convention in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1995 (see the appendix; for more documents, see www.biodiv.org). Until the Fourth Conference of the Parties in 1998, 172 states ratified this convention. This conference decided to finish the Biosafety Protocol in February 1999. In 1998, transgenic crops were allowed to be planted in eight (75%) countries of the world. As the country with the largest acreage of transgenic crops and as the main trader of LMOs, the United States cannot become a member of the protocol until it has ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity. (shrink)

1. Weltanschauung, Naturerkenntnis, Erkenntnistheorie.--2. Philosophie der Tat, Emanzipation, Utopie.