ABSTRACTIn verbal communication, affective information is commonly conveyed to others through spatial terms. This study used a target location discrimination task with neutral, positive and negative stimuli to test the automaticity of the emotion-space association, both in the vertical and horizontal spatial axes. The effects of stimulus type on emotion-space representations were also probed. A congruency effect was observed in the vertical axis: detection of upper targets preceded by positive stimuli was faster. This effect occurred for all stimulus types, indicating (...) that the emotion-space association is not dependent on sensory modality and on the verbal content of affective stimuli. (shrink)

ABSTRACTHow do we perceive voices coming from different spatial locations, and how is this affected by emotion? The current study probed the interplay between space and emotion during voice percept...

There is widespread interest in the possibility that music training enhances nonmusical abilities. This possibility has been examined primarily for speech perception and domain-general abilities su...

Voices are a complex and rich acoustic signal processed in an extensive cortical brain network. Specialized regions within this network support voice perception and production and may be differentially affected in pathological voice processing. For example, the experience of hallucinating voices has been linked to hyperactivity in temporal and extra-temporal voice areas, possibly extending into regions associated with vocalization. Predominant self-monitoring hypotheses ascribe a primary role of voice production regions to auditory verbal hallucinations. Alternative postulations view a generalized perceptual salience (...) bias as causal to AVH. These theories are not mutually exclusive as both ascribe the emergence and phenomenology of AVH to unbalanced top-down and bottom-up signal processing. The focus of the current study was to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying predisposition brain states for emergent hallucinations, detached from the effects of inner speech. Using the temporal voice area localizer task, we explored putative hypersalient responses to passively presented sounds in relation to hallucination proneness. Furthermore, to avoid confounds commonly found in in clinical samples, we employed the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale for the quantification of HP levels in healthy people across an experiential continuum spanning the general population. We report increased activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus during the perception of voice features that positively correlates with increased HP scores. In line with prior results, we propose that this right-lateralized pSTG activation might indicate early hypersensitivity to acoustic features coding speaker identity that extends beyond own voice production to perception in healthy participants prone to experience AVH. (shrink)

Neste trabalho são apresentados dados e reflexões sobre a proposta pedagógica de Ensino Médio Politécnico, implantada desde 2012 nas escolas públicas estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Tendo como pano de fundo as concepções do Educar pela Pesquisa e da Interdisciplinaridade - eixos norteadores da parte diversificada denominada Seminário Integrado -, a investigação teve cunho qualitativo, apresentando inferências sobre as compreensões acerca do conceito de pesquisa alcançadas pelos estudantes. As intervenções pedagógicas da investigação foram desenvolvidas em quatro turmas de (...) uma escola em Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul, encaminhadas no início do ano letivo de 2015. Por meio da análise qualitativa das falas dos alunos, da identificação da ampliação da complexidade dos seus respectivos mapas conceituais, confeccionados no software CmapTools, assim como da avaliação quanto à profundidade dos projetos encaminhados, pôde-se evidenciar ampla evolução nas compreensões dos alunos quanto ao conceito de pesquisa, percebendo-se assim que a metodologia aplicada nessa investigação foi profícua. (shrink)

Chronic pain affects a large part of the population causing functional disability, being often associated with coexisting psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, besides cognitive deficits, and sleep disturbance. The world elderly population has been growing over the last decades and the negative consequences of chronic pain for these individuals represent a current clinical challenge. The main painful complaints in the elderly are related to neurodegenerative and musculoskeletal conditions, peripheral vascular diseases, arthritis, and osteoarthritis, contributing toward poorly life quality, (...) social isolation, impaired physical activity, and dependence to carry out daily activities. Organ dysfunction and other existing diseases can significantly affect the perception and responses to chronic pain in this group. It has been proposed that elderly people have an altered pain experience, with changes in pain processing mechanisms, which might be associated with the degeneration of circuits that modulate the descending inhibitory pathways of pain. Aging has also been linked to an increase in the pain threshold, a decline of painful sensations, and a decrease in pain tolerance. Still, elderly patients with chronic pain show an increased risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. The present review article is aimed to provide the state-of-art of pre-clinical and clinical research about chronic pain in elderly, emphasizing the altered mechanisms, comorbidities, challenges, and potential therapeutic alternatives. (shrink)

This paper analyses the role of foreign and local companies in shaping Brazilian positions on global sustainability. It deals with an empirical investigation of CSR practices of firms from the electronics, food, and personal care sectors in response to pressures of 'market' and 'non-market' stakeholders. The results demonstrate that CSR decisions by foreign and local firms are triggered by organisational considerations and anticipated economic gains. The degree of implementation of CSR activities by foreign firms is more advanced than that of (...) local firms. The survey also confirms the hypothesis that market stakeholders exert pressure on companies and positively influence CSR. Non-market stakeholders seem to have a minor effect on corporate social responsibility decisions. We conclude that the institutional environment is a critical determinant of the extent to which the dialogue between stakeholders and companies leads to the attainment of sustainable development. (shrink)

A Psicologia Comunitária pode ser defi nida como uma área da Psicologia Social da Libertação (Góis, 2005), voltada para a compreensão da atividade comunitária como atividade social significativa e consciente e para a compreensão dos seus reflexos nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. O presente arti..

This article proposes to analyse some aspects of the appropriation of New School thinking in Brazil, particularly Deweyan pragmatism, in the 1950s and 1960s. The analysis is based on the assumption that the developmentalist ideology that punctuated the debate on the economic, political and social restructuring of the country in these two decades constituted fertile ground for the return and expansion of pragmatist thinking amongst Brazilian educators, articulating itself, sometimes in contradictory ways, with this ideology. The focus of the analysis (...) will be on the writings of the group of educators which circulated around the figure of Anísio Teixeira, at the time director of the National Institute for Pedagogic Studies, an organ linked to the Ministry of Education and Culture, which set itself the task of producing research that would support public policy in the field of education, as well as constituting itself as a center for teacher education and the stimulus and development of innovative experiences in the public school system. The appropriation of Deweyan pragmatism, in this context, had a triple perspective: pragmatism as scientific method, implying a specific conception of science, particularly the social sciences, with emphasis on the application of scientific knowledge in the solution of practical problems; as a way of democratic life; and as a synonym for experimentalism, in the sphere of schooling. (shrink)

Famous philosophers and their conceits became the target of Lucian's satirical verve in many of his works. However, in Philosophies for Sale, Lucian offers an original view of philosophy. Just like a marketing expert would, Lucian treats philosophy as a product that is designed to satisfy the customers' needs, and whose nature is decisively influenced by consumer forces. My discussion is inspired by the main analytic tools and the basic core concepts of marketing. I argue that in Philosophies for Sale (...) Lucian revolutionized the established concept that philosophy as well as human sciences in general are not governed by market rules. On the contrary, he has shown that philosophy, just like any other activity involving a trade of values between two parties, can be assessed from an economic perspective and that, consequently, must be viewed as customer-creating value satisfactions, being subject to the law of supply and demand. (shrink)

Automatized scalable healthcare support solutions allow real-time 24/7 health monitoring of patients, prioritizing medical treatment according to health conditions, reducing medical appointments in clinics and hospitals, and enabling easy exchange of information among healthcare professionals. With recent health safety guidelines due to the COVID-19 pandemic, protecting the elderly has become imperative. However, state-of-the-art health wearable device platforms present limitations in hardware, parameter estimation algorithms, and software architecture. This paper proposes a complete framework for health systems composed of multi-sensor wearable health (...) devices, high-resolution parameter estimation, and real-time monitoring applications. The framework is appropriate for real-time monitoring of elderly patients' health without physical contact with healthcare professionals, maintaining safety standards. The hardware includes sensors for monitoring steps, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and temperature using low-power wireless communication. In terms of parameter estimation, the embedded circuit uses high-resolution signal processing algorithms that result in an improved measure of the HR. The proposed high-resolution signal processing-based approach outperforms state-of-the-art HR estimation measurements using the photoplethysmography sensor. (shrink)

Introdução: As aulas virtuais se tornaram o principal meio de ensino das instituições educacionais diante da pandemia, e essa mudança repercutiu diretamente na autoestima dos estudantes e consequentemente nos rendimentos acadêmicos. Objetivo: avaliar a autoestima dos estudantes de enfermagem em contexto pandêmico. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa. A coleta e análise de dados se deu a partir da escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (The Rosenberg Self-Esteem) e de instrumento complementar desenvolvido pelos autores. A pesquisa foi (...) realizada no Centro de Educação e Saúde da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, com 155 estudantes do Curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem. Resultados: Dentre os participantess, 60,7% apresentam valores que indicam uma autoestima diminuída de modo geral. Os números indicam que a maioria absoluta apresentava uma baixa autoestima, decorrente do período vivenciado na pandemia, com uma pontuação entre 7 e 12 no escore, o que representa 89,7% dos entrevistados. Isso mostra que o desgaste vivenciado pelos estudantes durante esse tempo é presente e notório. Conclusão: A baixa autoestima está presente entre os estudantes, como mostram os resultados obtidos através dessa pesquisa, que podem sugerir que essa autoestima diminuída seja advinda do período vivenciado pela pandemia. (shrink)

Crop genetic resources constitute a ‘new’ global commons, characterized by multiple layers of activities of farmers, genebanks, public and private research and development organizations, and regulatory agencies operating from local to global levels. This paper presents sui generis biocultural community protocols that were developed by four communities in Benin and Madagascar to improve their ability to contribute to, and benefit from, the crop commons. The communities were motivated in part by the fact that their national governments’ had recently ratified the (...) Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol, which make commitments to promoting the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities and farmers, without being prescriptive as to how Contracting Parties should implement those commitments. The communities identified the protocols as useful means to advance their interests and/or rights under both the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol to be recognized as managers of local socio-ecological systems, to access genetic resources from outside the communities, and to control others’ access to resources managed by the community. (shrink)

O presente artigo intenciona realizar uma breve investigação da relação dialética subjetividade-objetividade numa perspectiva emancipatória da classe oprimida. Com efeito, nosso objeto de estudo, a pedagogia do oprimido em Paulo Freire, será analisado numa perspectiva dialógica com o pensamento marxiano, com vistas a encontrar algumas marcas fundamentais da contribuição do filósofo alemão na constituição do ideário crítico freiriano. Destacamos aqui que o problema central da pesquisa, qual seja: a relação mundo e consciência, institui-se como problema indeclinável para o processo de (...) luta histórica e social. (shrink)

The most important distinctively American contribution to philosophy is the pragmatist tradition. In this short, lucid, and completely convincing exposition, Professor John P. Murphy begins by exploring the roots of this tradition as found in the work of Peirce, James, and Dewey, demonstrating its power and originality. Historians of philosophy will appreciate the insight Murphy brings to these figures, but the special value of this book lies in his discussion of how the pragmatist spirit has flowered in contemporary philosophy in (...) the work of Quine, Rorty, and Davidson.Throughout, Murphy emphasizes the logic and structure of the views held by these six philosophers and what it is they have in common that makes their work especially “pragmatist.” There is no better introduction to this historical tradition and perhaps no better way into the philosophies of the contemporaries whom Murphy discusses.Interest in pragmatist ideas is undergoing a revival at present, and this book shows us why. It will be of interest to both historians of philosophy and students of contemporary philosophy. (shrink)

Research involving human participants has been conducted in the Philippines since the beginning of the Spanish colonial period. Such studies are expected to adhere to internationally accepted ethical guidelines. This paper discusses trends in clinical research ethics in the Philippines during the American colonial period (1898‐1946). Specifically, studies were assessed on: 1) their observance of ethical protocols, including review; 2) identification of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the selection of participants; 3) use of vulnerable subjects; and 4) practice of the (...) informed consent process. Only the informed consent process had a significant logistic correlation with progression of years. Recruitment of vulnerable groups was common during this period; children and prisoners were the most common participants. Trends in medical ethics in the Philippines reflected those in the United States prior to the publication of the Nuremberg Code, which served as a milestone in the protection of human welfare in clinical research. (shrink)

A sociedade brasileira no que diz respeito a sua estrutura de relações sociais como conhecemos, tem início no Brasil colônia a qual a instituição de maior força era a escravagista. Nesse sentido, as formações e interações de classes da sociedade brasileira foram arregimentadas pelo racismo, sendo ele escancarado no passado, com leis e naturalização das práticas de disciminação racial, e mantendo grande influência atualmente com a utilização de “máscaras” que encontram para legitimar sua atuação na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse contexto, nos (...) últimos anos tem-se observado a atuação irregular de ações policiais no país, principalmente nas comunidades periféricas, sendo utilizada a brutalidade e a violência física e moral dos sujeitos, violando direitos humanos e fundamentais, e colocando em perigo a vida de crianças e adolescentes que residem nesses ambientes, sobretudo, as negras, reconhecendo assim a existência do racismo estrutural. Considerando que o país é democrático, e reconhecendo que os atores sociais possuem a capacidade de influenciar nas mudanças e construções de políticas capazes de discutir os fundamentos da vida pública e social, esta proposta de pesquisa tem por objetivo refletir como a brutalidade policial afeta a confiança de crianças negras no Estado democrático por meio de instituições de segurança e proteção. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, qualitativa e descritiva. (shrink)

Este trabalho investigou características sócio-demográficas e vocacionais em 59 alunos de baixa renda, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 16 e 48 anos. A maioria já prestou vestibular e tem escolha profissional definida. Os alunos relatam possuir pouca informação sobre profissões, processo de escol..