In this article the author attempts to establish whether we can find a “theory of appearance” in the philosophy of Jan Patočka. The “appearance” for Patočka is basically composed of two elements. First there is a “primeval movement” which accounts for an infinite possibility of phenomena. The second element is the relation of this movement with an “addressee”, the subjectivity. If we begin to analyse the unity of these two elements we fundamentally come across three problems: what is it that (...) appears, when appearance presupposes a certain totality of appearance; how does this total appearance come forth; and, finally, is this whole “structure of appearance” taken as a free movement, kept once and for all within the boundaries of phenomenology, which is founded on a precise and positive term of “appearance” — or do we have to stipulate a special “experience” as the starting point of a phenomenology, which accepts the abyssal impossibility to control its frame? (shrink)

In this article the author attempts to establish whether we can find a “theory of appearance” in the philosophy of Jan Patočka. The “appearance” for Patočka is basically composed of two elements. First there is a “primeval movement” which accounts for an infinite possibility of phenomena. The second element is the relation of this movement with an “addressee”, the subjectivity. If we begin to analyse the unity of these two elements we fundamentally come across three problems: what is it that (...) appears, when appearance presupposes a certain totality of appearance; how does this total appearance come forth; and, finally, is this whole “structure of appearance” taken as a free movement, kept once and for all within the boundaries of phenomenology, which is founded on a precise and positive term of “appearance” — or do we have to stipulate a special “experience” as the starting point of a phenomenology, which accepts the abyssal impossibility to control its frame? (shrink)

In this article the author attempts to establish whether we can find a “theory of appearance” in the philosophy of Jan Patočka. The “appearance” for Patočka is basically composed of two elements. First there is a “primeval movement” which accounts for an infinite possibility of phenomena. The second element is the relation of this movement with an “addressee”, the subjectivity. If we begin to analyse the unity of these two elements we fundamentally come across three problems: what is it that (...) appears, when appearance presupposes a certain totality of appearance; how does this total appearance come forth; and, finally, is this whole “structure of appearance” taken as a free movement, kept once and for all within the boundaries of phenomenology, which is founded on a precise and positive term of “appearance” — or do we have to stipulate a special “experience” as the starting point of a phenomenology, which accepts the abyssal impossibility to control its frame? (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de Filosofia com Adolescentes na cidade de Araraquara. Buscamos fazer uma relação entre Filosofia e Adolescência e procuramos mostrar uma forma alternativa de se discutir Filosofia com jovens, diferenciada das propostas que partem da História da Filosofia.

This article proposes to analyse some aspects of the appropriation of New School thinking in Brazil, particularly Deweyan pragmatism, in the 1950s and 1960s. The analysis is based on the assumption that the developmentalist ideology that punctuated the debate on the economic, political and social restructuring of the country in these two decades constituted fertile ground for the return and expansion of pragmatist thinking amongst Brazilian educators, articulating itself, sometimes in contradictory ways, with this ideology. The focus of the analysis (...) will be on the writings of the group of educators which circulated around the figure of Anísio Teixeira, at the time director of the National Institute for Pedagogic Studies, an organ linked to the Ministry of Education and Culture, which set itself the task of producing research that would support public policy in the field of education, as well as constituting itself as a center for teacher education and the stimulus and development of innovative experiences in the public school system. The appropriation of Deweyan pragmatism, in this context, had a triple perspective: pragmatism as scientific method, implying a specific conception of science, particularly the social sciences, with emphasis on the application of scientific knowledge in the solution of practical problems; as a way of democratic life; and as a synonym for experimentalism, in the sphere of schooling. (shrink)

This article aims to contribute to the debate on the short- to medium-term political implications of the 2001 Argentine crisis. The bulk of the argument deals with the criticism of the notion of 'reinvention of politics'. The article presents the theoretical premises and empirical data which sustain this proposal. It is argued that in order to appreciate the political innovation brought about by the events of December 2001, it is important first to consider the political, social and economic forms of (...) capitalist transformations and crises that shaped them. Secondly, to locate this event in historical perspective, as a constitutive node within a non-teleological continuum of resistance. Thirdly, to view capitalist crises as presenting open opportunities for the reinvention of the forms of resistance, and to underscore that reinvention occurs as a result of simultaneous struggles against capital and for self-affirmation and recognition. By using examples of organisational innovation and social intervention by the piquetero movement it is suggested that December 2001 led to new practices or facilitated the development of existing forms of collective action that have often been overlooked by those disappointed by the ensuing political developments. The article also discusses the problem of periodisation, addressing the relationship between Marxism and the use of data produced by non-Marxist researchers, and calls into question the adequacy of Cartesian rationality for understanding December 2001 and the meaning of political change in Argentina. (shrink)

DISCURSOS DE LA SUBJETIVIDAD: LA CRÍTICA DE LOS ESCRITORES.

This paper discusses the different teaching-learning styles and how they can be applied to university education. It is a common misconception that there are only three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. There are nine different learning styles that can be applied to university teaching-learning. With a literature review, these nine different learning styles and how they can be used in the classroom setting will be explored. In addition, teaching techniques and strategies in a university education will be explored. The (...) importance of these techniques and how they can be improved will also be discussed, considering three different methods: active learning, collaborative learning, and self-directed learning, taking into account the integration of technology in its design. Finally, a dissertation will be made on the new forms of teaching for the training of professionals for industry 4.0 and the new labor demands. (shrink)

O presente texto busca problematizar a noção de parresía no âmbito da tragédia de Eurípides, As Fenícias, à luz do filósofo francês Michel Foucault. Para tanto, faremos um paralelo tomando a parresía como prática de liberdade. Trata-se de problematizar a produção de uma história dos diferentes processos de composição da subjetividade humana e da efetivação da prática de liberdade, ou seja, do sujeito moderno, que nos apresenta possibilidades para uma filosofia crítica – o momento em que o sujeito se dá (...) o direito de interrogar os efeitos dos discursos de verdade pelo exercício do poder. Nessas condições, as técnicas de si se apresentam no formato de uma experiência de si que permite a construção de uma relação consigo a partir de exercícios regulares no governo de si e dos outros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Parresía; Falar livremente; Foucault; Prática; Liberdade; Resistência; Poder; bell hooks. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de construção de um curso de formação de professores de ciências e de matemática com caráter interdisciplinar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de alguns aspectos da história da educação em ciências e matemática no Brasil que ainda se manifestam nas práticas pedagógicas e dos contextos político e social nos quais se desenvolveu a experiência de construção do Curso de Ciências – licenciatura da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A tradição (...) de disciplinas escolares independentes e a própria formação disciplinar dos docentes do curso constituíram grandes desafios para a implantação de um curso interdisciplinar, com foco na promoção do diálogo das ciências naturais e da matemática com os desafios sociais e educacionais da atualidade brasileira. A análise aponta que nesse percurso foram enfrentados muitos desafios de ordem conceitual, estrutural e institucional, mas que o resultado (ainda em movimento) foi a organização de um curso com bases teóricas híbridas que desenvolve grande variedade de experiências de integração dos campos da ciência e da matemática e promove uma formação interdisciplinar e contextualizada. (shrink)

In this article, we describe a longitudinal inquiry into what it means to be a person in our contemporary world. Our method constitutes a dynamic, non-objectifying fusion of empirical and philosophical anthropology. Field-based anthropology examines actualities: how people lead their lives and talk about them. Philosophical anthropology addresses possibilities: who and what people could become in light of actualities while not being determined by them. We describe and illustrate our fieldwork in the classrooms of 16 teachers who work in New (...) York City public schools. We have sought in our observations to identify and think about signs or expressions of persons-in-the-making. We also touch on a series of dinner-discussions we have held with the teachers. These meetings have centered on the question of becoming a person in today’s political and cultural environment, and how education figures into the equation. Finally, we also describe the weekly meetings we have held as a research team, in which we engage the play of concepts and percepts. We close with remarks on the conceptual and existential ties that can link philosophy and fieldwork in schools. (shrink)

Despite the various perceptual-motor deficits documented in strabismus, there is a paucity of studies evaluating visual illusions in patients with strabismus. The aim of this study was to examine how the illusionary perception occurs in children/adolescents with strabismus with referral for surgery to correct ocular deviations. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out in which 45 participants with strabismus and 62 healthy volunteers aged 10–15 years were evaluated. The behavioral response to three geometric illusions [Vertical-Horizontal illusion, Müller-Lyer illusion and Ponzo (...) illusion] and respective neutral stimuli regarding the estimation of image size and response time were measured using the Method of Adjustment. To analyze the influence of secondary factors: type of ocular deviation ; amount of eye deviation; presence of amblyopia and stereopsis, a one-way ANOVA was performed. Among the tested illusions, children with strabismus showed greater susceptibility and response time to Ponzo’s illusory images. Children with strabismus and preserved stereopsis, on the other hand, showed similar susceptibility and response time to control group patients to the Ponzo illusion. Patients with amblyopia showed overcorrection in the estimate of non-illusory Ponzo images. Children with horizontal ocular deviation associated with vertical deviation showed higher susceptibility to vertical adjustment images for the Müller-Lyer illusion. Individuals with strabismus tended to overcorrect the length of the straight-line segment adjusted for non-illusory images when testing non-illusory images in the Müller-Lyer test, as well as for the neutral images in the Vertical-Horizontal test. The findings indicated impairment in the perception of geometric illusions and neutral figures, especially for the Ponzo illusion test by children with strabismus. As the behavioral response to illusory images may indirectly reflect the visual and morphofunctional alterations present in these individuals, we suggest that the investigation of visual illusory perception can be used as a new research strategy in the field of investigating the visual function in strabismus. (shrink)

This article aims to contribute to the debate on the short- to medium-term political implications of the 2001 Argentine crisis. The bulk of the argument deals with the criticism of the notion of 'reinvention of politics'. The article presents the theoretical premises and empirical data which sustain this proposal. It is argued that in order to appreciate the political innovation brought about by the events of December 2001, it is important first to consider the political, social and economic forms of (...) capitalist transformations and crises that shaped them. Secondly, to locate this event in historical perspective, as a constitutive node within a non-teleological continuum of resistance. Thirdly, to view capitalist crises as presenting open opportunities for the reinvention of the forms of resistance, and to underscore that reinvention occurs as a result of simultaneous struggles against capital and for self-affirmation and recognition. By using examples of organisational innovation and social intervention by the piquetero movement it is suggested that December 2001 led to new practices or facilitated the development of existing forms of collective action that have often been overlooked by those disappointed by the ensuing political developments. The article also discusses the problem of periodisation, addressing the relationship between Marxism and the use of data produced by non-Marxist researchers, and calls into question the adequacy of Cartesian rationality for understanding December 2001 and the meaning of political change in Argentina. (shrink)

A equipe da Enfermagem é privilegiada, pois, é o cuidador que permanece vinte e quatro horas na assistência direta do paciente, podendo ter uma visão ampliada da pessoa no processo do adoecimento, tendo a oportunidade de incorporar e desenvolver os princípios dos Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Na perspectiva holística da saúde a religião/religiosidade/espiritualidade é uma das possibilidades de cuidado e manejo, porém ainda muito negligenciada pelos profissionais da saúde, seja por desconhecimento ou preconceitos e tabus, mas que se torna essencial no (...) cuidado de pacientes em CP. Por meio deste relato de experiência, objetiva-se ressaltar a importância da religião/religiosidade/espiritualidade, no cuidado e manejo de pacientes em CP, a partir da experiência de uma profissional da enfermagem, sua prática em cuidados e docência, supervisionando alunos com pacientes em contexto dos CP. Anos acompanhando alunos na prática, demonstraram que os profissionais da enfermagem têm dificuldade de identificar o Sofrimento Espiritual (SE) dos pacientes, e quando identificavam, não sabiam o que fazer com esta demanda, delegando a outros profissionais da equipe, que também tinham dificuldades, causando um (des)cuidado na Dimensão Espiritual (DE) do paciente em CP, trazendo-o mais sofrimento e desconforto com sua finitude. Como resultado dessas reflexões, está sendo desenvolvida uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado, destinada a identificar a DE, construção de roteiro de educação permanente. Em síntese, esses profissionais tendo a capacitação para identificar o SE, explorar e cuidar da DE, poderão promover a proteção da saúde mental, tanto do paciente em CP quanto sua, e tornarem-se profissionais mais sensíveis na finitude. (shrink)

The COVID-19 outbreak has ravaged all societal domains, including education. Home confinement, school closures, and distance learning impacted students, teachers, and parents’ lives worldwide. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on Italian and Portuguese students’ academic motivation as well as investigate the possible buffering role of extracurricular activities. Following a retrospective pretest–posttest design, 567 parents reported on their children’s academic motivation and participation in extracurricular activities. We used a multi-group latent change score model to (...) compare Italian and Portuguese students’: pre-COVID mean motivation scores; rate of change in motivation; individual variation in the rate of change in motivation; and dependence of the rate of change on initial motivation scores. Estimates of latent change score models showed a decrease in students’ motivation both in Italy and in Portugal, although more pronounced in Italian students. Results also indicated that the decrease in students’ participation in extracurricular activities was associated with changes in academic motivation. Furthermore, students’ age was significantly associated with changes in motivation. No significant associations were found for students’ gender nor for parents’ education. This study provides an important contribution to the study of students’ academic motivation during home confinement, school closures, and distance learning as restrictive measures adopted to contain a worldwide health emergency. We contend that teachers need to adopt motivation-enhancing practices as means to prevent the decline in academic motivation during exceptional situations. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa analisar, a partir do pensamento do filósofo Michel Foucault, o exercício da liberdade sob uma perspectiva ética, no âmbito do estoicismo tardio. Liberdade essa que se faz possível a partir do cuidado de si, por meio de exercícios regulares que possibilitam ao indivíduo viver a vida como arte. Com efeito, é na prática do cuidado de si, que o indivíduo se coloca como transformador do mundo e de si mesmo, o qual dá-se no encontro com o (...) outro, longe de ser uma experiência solitária com o próprio eu, realiza-se na associação com outrem. (shrink)

Although the gender composition of assemblies is slowly changing in order to include more women, very little is known about citizens’ attitudes towards women’s descriptive representation. Using data from a representative sample of the Portuguese population, this article aims to offer an explanation of citizens’ attitudes towards women in parliament. It demonstrates that the Portuguese population is willing to see the presence of women in political power increase, but only up to a certain point: although most people support an increase (...) in the number of female MPs, only a minority wish a substantial increase. This article makes a valuable contribution to the literature by demonstrating that, more than party identification or gender stereotypes, issues surrounding concerns with women’s interests and with the quality of democracy are strongly related to a desire for a gender equilibrated political environment. (shrink)

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well (...) as the group’s overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group’s performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group’s performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of “fake news” within the group. (shrink)

This article proposes the adoption of a multi-modal system for allocating vaccine doses during large transnational outbreaks of infectious diseases. The chosen allocative criteria (public health need; country-income level; qualification through funding; and, subsidiarily, a modified lottery system) are adapted from a current embodiment of allocative multi-modality outside the context of public health: the New York City Marathon.

This paper seeks to explore the processes involved in becoming a teacher in this particular historical moment of global pandemic in Brazil. What are the challenges, limitations, possibilities and opportunities that the pandemic presents to the process of teaching work and teacher formation? A review of the literature that included contributions from Caponi, Kohan, Larrosa, Neuscharank, Vaz, Arroyo and Abramowicz suggests a dialogue between pedagogic theory, philosophy of education and the contemporary experience of political and social events in the pandemic (...) period The discussions reviewed explore the profound extent to which Covid-19 has affected our way of living, working and relating to others, and the psychological effects of social isolation. The situation demands from the Brazilian teacher an attitude of openness to change, specifically in the use of new technologies, and the extent to which they are or are not able to replace face-to-face interactions. The situation also challenges us to reconstruct, beyond the logic of neoliberalism, our notions of the type of school we have and type of school we want, the type of teachers we are and the type of teacher we want to be. We conclude that this process of thinking school again depends, if it is to escape neoliberal logic, on the capacity of understanding the vocation of the teacher to be one of “becoming-child” in the sense of experiencing an openness to and a desire for the new. As such, the “becoming-teacher” is one who allows herself to be addressed by another logic, another more sensitive and more aesthetic temporality, and who finds, in encounter with others, with art, with childhood, with becoming itself, the capacity to think, to resist, to fight for the realization of that logic. (shrink)

Resumo: Focamos neste trabalho algumas das tensões vivenciadas por professores pesquisadores vinculados ao sistema de Pós-graduação brasileiro, no contexto das transformações recentes da universidade. Os protagonistas da PG buscam alternativas éticas para o que consideram descaminhos na produção de conhecimentos no contexto científico. O trabalho decorre dos resultados de um conjunto de pesquisas sobre temas associados à produção em nível stricto sensu, desenvolvidas na última década por diversos pesquisadores em grupos ou projetos de investigação. Os resultados vêm mostrando cada vez (...) maior interferência de organismos nacionais de regulação, controle e avaliação do sistema de PG no funcionamento da universidade, ferindo a sua autonomia. Em consequência, os professores pesquisadores que atuam na PG veem-se compelidos a obedecer a dois ‘patrões’, ou ‘senhorios’, cujas exigências são distintas e não raro antagônicas. Diante dos frequentes conflitos entre as exigências, prevalece a subserviência ao órgão externo, já que as próprias IES estão sob avaliação destes órgãos. Neste contexto, emerge o debate sobre a excelência da produção acadêmico-científica, trazendo-se à tona os limites da produção/produtivismo. Como contribuição trazemos a noção de pertinência territorial para pensar outra possível modalidade de excelência. Por fim, enriquecemos a discussão da problemática, a partir da perspectiva do pensamento decolonial, que envolve a crítica ao eurocentrismo vigente em nossa academia e propõe o ‘penso onde sou’ como caminho para que a produção científica encontre alternativas, conectadas com as realidades e necessidades dos territórios em que estão instaladas as universidades e seus programas de PG. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las percepciones de estudiantes y profesores de pregrado en traducción inglés-español-portugués acerca del desarrollo de la escritura académica en sus lenguas de formación. Para este propósito, se conceptualiza el término biliteracidad (Hornberger, 1990; 2003; 2013) relacionándolo con las características identificadas por los participantes con base en sus experiencias con la escritura de géneros académicos en su primera lengua (L1), el español, y en las lenguas adicionales (LA), portugués e inglés. El diseño metodológico se (...) fundamenta en un estudio de caso en la primera etapa de un estudio longitudinal. Para este artículo, han sido seleccionados datos obtenidos en entrevistas semiestructuradas que buscaban explorar cuáles contenidos, en qué medios y cómo se conforman los contextos de escritura requeridos para la producción de significados en las referidas lenguas en la universidad. Las respuestas fueron clasificadas en dos categorías: contextos de escritura y el dominio de los géneros requerido por la universidad. Los resultados destacados revelan que los estudiantes transitan por contextos de biliteracidad inglésespañol-portugués, según los propósitos específicos de sus tareas con limitaciones para aproximar sus producciones al registro académico y correlacionar sus experiencias de escritura con sus lenguas de formación. En cuanto a los profesores, se constata la preocupación por la práctica de escritura vinculada con sus asignaturas en un abordaje esencialmente monolingüe. Se resaltan las implicaciones lingüísticas y pedagógicas acerca del desarrollo particular y compartido de las experiencias con la escritura académica tanto en las LA como en la L1 de los participantes. (shrink)

O climatério/menopausa é caracterizado por intensas alterações morfofisiológicas e comportamentais. O objetivo foi identificar os sinais e sintomas do climatério/menopausa e a sua relação com a Imagem corporal de mulheres ribeirinhas de uma região da Amazônia Brasileira. Estudo incluiu 100 mulheres de seis comunidades ribeirinhas de Itaituba/Pará. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: o questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala dos Sinais e Sintomas da Menopausa (MRS) e a Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard. Para avaliar as associações entre as variáveis categóricas, o teste qui-quadrado (...) de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados, (p≤0,05). Os resultados indicaram que 76% das mulheres estavam insatisfeitas com a sua imagem corporal, seja porque queriam ter corpos menores ou corpos maiores. Em relação aos sintomas do climatério/menopausa, estes são percebidos de forma moderada pelas mulheres. Conclusão: Se faz necessário levar as mulheres o conhecimento desta fase da vida e assim promover saúde neste importante período da vida. (shrink)

According to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming and contemporary psychodynamic approaches, dreams reflect waking life. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and dreaming in adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Italy, Romania and Croatia involving 2,105 secondary school students. No substantial differences between countries were found. Thirty-one percent of the participants reported heightened dream recall, 18% noticed an increase in nightmares during the lockdown, and 15% of the provided dreams included (...) pandemic-related content. The results indicate that subjective emotional reactions to lockdown had a significantly higher correlation to dreaming than objective distress. These findings suggest that attention to dreams should be included in preventive programs for adolescents with pandemic-related stress. (shrink)

This work has its origin in a master's research about Brazilian Education. The approach that we present in this text reveals the perspectives of caring perceived in a five-year-olds classroom in the daily life in a municipal center for Early Childhood Education in Fortaleza. The theoretical discussions on the theme involved a dialogue between Pedagogy and Philosophy of Education based on the contributions of Kramer, Pagni, Foucault, Rancière, Kohan and Boff. It was a qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration, which method (...) of data creation was participant observation. The analysis revealed that: in the interactions occurred in pedagogical practices, teachers and children take care of each other; the meaning of caring for children can be perceived in the minutia of their daily actions, as well as in affective involvement, in playing together, in speaking and listening to others, in sharing life on a daily basis; as for the meaning of caring for the adults, it is influenced by the way they were cared for, by their subjectivation and their choices in their way of being; caring humanizes teaching practices, inspiring emancipation; the policy on results that has aimed at "improving educational indices" may represent a danger to Early Childhood Education by minimizing the sharing of specific childhood experiences to training in order to achieve expected results. The study emphasized the need to reflect on the meaning of education and therefore proposes that caring be valued as an ethical decision and as an option for reflection on the way of living and interacting. (shrink)

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado entre os anos de 2016 e 2017 numa comunidade quilombola denominada Queimadas, que se localiza no sertão baiano, na zona rural do Município de Guanambi. A referida pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a transmissão dos pertencimentos étnicos entre as diferentes gerações que ali se encontram. Para tanto, o método utilizado foi a etnografia, com o emprego de entrevistas, observações e narrativas em história oral de vida. Nessa investigação ficou evidente (...) que os quilombolas de Queimadas lançam mão de variadas estratégias de transmissão dos pertencimentos étnicos, que vão desde o casamento, a manutenção da terra, a organização espacial do território, a transmissão oral de tradições, costumes e cultura, dentre muitos outros. Assim, eles conseguiram, no decorrer de mais de cem anos, preservar os pertencimentos étnicos e a harmonia da comunidade e tudo isso só foi possível porque são um coletivo que protege a terra, a família e a ancestralidade do grupo cotidianamente, de geração em geração. Palavras-chave: Quilombo; Etnicidade Geracional; Ancestralidade Étnica. (shrink)

O presente texto narra uma experiência de formação de alfabetizadores de jovens e adultos: uma alfabetização filosófica de 40 horas com 300 alfabetizadores em julho de 2022, como primeira etapa do Programa “Supera RN” em Pau dos Ferros, dentro da Política de Superação do Analfabetismo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). O texto tematiza em que sentido a experiência de Alfabetização filosófica se inspira e ao mesmo tempo se diferencia do curso de Alfabetização oferecido por Paulo Freire em (...) Angicos em 1963. Inspirado na curiosidade e no compromisso de Paulo Freire com os esfarrapados do mundo, o conceito “alfabetização filosófica” propõe uma formação experiencial sustentada nas seguintes disposições: escutar atentamente o mundo humano e não humano que nos rodeia; pensar juntos com cuidado e calma; relacionarmo-nos cooperativa e não competitivamente com as ideias das outras pessoas; perguntarmo-nos, colocando em questão, nossa vida e a maneira como nos relacionamos com ela, num tempo especial, singular, suspendido; conversar como iguais na busca de enfrentar as exigências de nossa comunidade; inventar novas formas de estar com outras e outros. O texto apresenta como essas disposições foram pensadas e praticadas durante a alfabetização filosófica em Pau dos Ferros, RN, através de cinco princípios (perguntar; escutar; tempo de infância; igualdade; pensar juntos) e lança algumas perguntas sobre possíveis desdobramentos da alfabetização filosófica no campo de formação de professores. (shrink)

Object relative clauses are harder to process than subject relative clauses. Under Grillo’s Generalized Minimality framework, complexity effects of object relatives are construed as intervention effects, which result from an interaction between locality constraints on movement and the sentence processing system. Specifically, intervention of the subject DP in the movement dependency is expected to generate a minimality violation whenever processing limitations render the moved object underspecified, resulting in compromised comprehension. In the present study, assuming Generalized Minimality, we compared the processing (...) of object relatives with the processing of subject control in ditransitives, which, like object relatives, instantiates a syntactic dependency across an intervening DP. This comparison is justified by the current debate on whether Control should be analyzed as movement: if control involves movement of the controller DP, as proposed by Hornstein, a parallel between the processing of object relatives and subject control in ditransitives may be anticipated on the basis of intervention. In addition, we explored whether general cognitive factors contribute to complexity effects ascribed to movement across a DP. Sixty-nine adult speakers of European Portuguese read sentences and answered comprehension probes in a self-paced reading task with moving-window display, comprising four experimental conditions: Subject Relatives; Object Relatives; Subject Control; Object Control. Furthermore, participants performed four supplementary tasks, serving as measures of resistance to interference, lexical knowledge, working memory capacity and lexical access ability. The results from the reading task showed that whereas object relatives were harder to process than subject relatives, subject control was not harder to process than object control, arguing against recent movement accounts of control. Furthermore, we found that whereas object relative complexity effects assessed by response times to comprehension probes interacted with Reading Span, object relative complexity effects assessed by comprehension accuracy and reading times did not interact with any of the supplementary tasks. We discuss these results in light of Generalized Minimality and the hypothesis of modularity in syntactic processing. (shrink)

O presente texto narra uma experiência de formação de alfabetizadores de jovens e adultos: uma alfabetização filosófica de 40 horas com 300 alfabetizadores em julho de 2022, como primeira etapa do Programa “Supera RN” em Pau dos Ferros, dentro da Política de Superação do Analfabetismo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). O texto tematiza em que sentido a experiência de Alfabetização filosófica se inspira e ao mesmo tempo se diferencia do curso de Alfabetização oferecido por Paulo Freire em (...) Angicos em 1963. Inspirado na curiosidade e no compromisso de Paulo Freire com os esfarrapados do mundo, o conceito “alfabetização filosófica” propõe uma formação experiencial sustentada nas seguintes disposições: escutar atentamente o mundo humano e não humano que nos rodeia; pensar juntos com cuidado e calma; relacionarmo-nos cooperativa e não competitivamente com as ideias das outras pessoas; perguntarmo-nos, colocando em questão, nossa vida e a maneira como nos relacionamos com ela, num tempo especial, singular, suspendido; conversar como iguais na busca de enfrentar as exigências de nossa comunidade; inventar novas formas de estar com outras e outros. O texto apresenta como essas disposições foram pensadas e praticadas durante a alfabetização filosófica em Pau dos Ferros, RN, através de cinco princípios (perguntar; escutar; tempo de infância; igualdade; pensar juntos) e lança algumas perguntas sobre possíveis desdobramentos da alfabetização filosófica no campo de formação de professores. (shrink)

The world of work has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the high instability observed in the labor market, bringing several new challenges for leaders and employees. The present study aims to analyze the role of organizational and job resources in predicting employees’ job insecurity during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, through the mediating role of work engagement. A sample of 207 Portuguese employees participated, of which 64.7% were women. Data was collected using an online (...) survey, including self-report measures of organizational resources, job resources, job insecurity, and work engagement. Data showed that job and organizational resources negatively influenced job insecurity. Moreover, work engagement was a significant mediator of the relation between performance feedback and job insecurity. Findings suggest that investing in job and organizational resources can act as protective factors to minimize feelings of job insecurity. Likewise, leaders should foster work engagement among employees to help them balance the relation between these resources and job insecurity, especially in crisis situations. Overall, this study takes a new, underexplored perspective, theoretically bridging organizational and job resources with job insecurity and work engagement during a time of great uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. (shrink)

O presente trabalho, a partir da articulação inicial dos conceitos de dialogismo, tal como defendido inicialmente por Bakhtin, argumenta que um filme é produto cultural inscrito em um período sócio-histórico. Assim, a proposta que aqui se sucede é buscar interrogá-lo, já que ele oferece um conjunto de representações que remetem direta ou indiretamente à sociedade na qual se inscreve. Para tanto, se escolheu como obra analisada o filme _Melancolia_, do diretor Lars von Trier. A metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa, (...) com procedimentos para uma desconstrução de algumas cenas, escolhidas de maneira não probabilística, mas que contemplem o todo em suas partes. A análise se focou, em especial, na direção de fotografia e na análise do roteiro como argumento filosófico, tudo para se entender a construção discursiva maior proposta na obra. Assim, se procedeu a uma análise filosófico-escatológica e a uma busca por entender como a direção de fotografia ajuda a compreender melhor a obra em questão dentro da discussão sobre o fim do mundo. Dessa forma, a narrativa do filme é mais bem entendida quando pensada a partir da intertextualidade, ao se considerar as diversas vozes que compõem o discurso, tais como o acorde cromático, os quadros, os formatos, a história, a discussão escatológica, as obras de arte, enfim, todos os padrões e processos inseridos no filme. (shrink)

Any experimental field consists of preparing special conditions for examining interesting objects for research. So naturally, the particular ways in which scientists prepare their objects determine the kind and the content of knowledge produced. This book provides a framework for the analysis of experimental practices - the Social Epistemology of Experiment - that incorporates both the ‘material’ and the ‘social’ dimensions of knowledge production. The Social Epistemology of Experiment is applied to experimental economics and in so doing, it introduces the (...) epistemic role of the participation of human subjects in experiments and the causal efficacy of institutions in constraining and enabling human behaviour. It also develops the role of the social and socially established practices in overcoming the methodological difficulties associated with experimenting with humans subjects in the social sciences as well as the effect of scientists’ interventions in the laboratory worlds. This book provides an historical and contextualized account of the emergence of experimental economics, the methodological discussions that have informed and constituted it, its main research programmes, and stylized facts. The analysis of its three main research programmes – market experiments, game theory experiments and individual decision-making experiments – shows how economics experiments are particularly tailored to produce knowledge about market institutions and individual behaviour in contexts where there might be conflicts of individual and social goals, and also about the processes of individual decision-making. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la presentación y discusión de las representaciones de los niños sobre el papel del Gestor de la Palabra (GP). Se trata de un recurso concebido y desarrollado en el ámbito de las sesiones de Filosofía para Niños, de acuerdo con la metodología de la comunidad de investigación filosófica (community of philosophical inquiry) de Matthew Lipman (2003) y de Ann Margaret Sharp (1987). Designamos como “Gestor de la Palabra” al miembro de la comunidad de investigación (...) responsable por escoger, durante o diálogo, quien habla y cuando habla. Surge como una estrategia para envolver activamente a los niños en los procedimientos de la sesión y su importancia se extiende hasta las dimensiones pedagógica y filosófica de la comunidad de investigación. Se adoptó como metodología el estudio de un caso exploratorio, recorriéndose a un cuestionario para realizar o levantamiento de las formas de pensar de los niños. Del análisis de contenido del cuestionario, emergieron tres subcategorías en la definición de lo que el GP debe y no debe hacer: cognitiva, ética y social. De estas, es la dimensión ética aquella que revela mayor incidencia de respuestas, con implicaciones para dimensiones fundamentales de la Filosofía para Niños como sean la promoción del caring thinking y la noción de autoridad en la comunidad de investigación. Así, el artículo se divide en cinco secciones: la Filosofía para Niños como área científica y como programa curricular, con incidencia en el concepto de “comunidad de investigación filosófica”; el GP en el ámbito de la comunidad de investigación; el enfoque metodológico del estudio; la presentación de los resultados y su respectiva discusión. (shrink)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da saúde de um centro de reabilitação e readaptação, relacionando-o com a crença no mundo justo e com o lócus de controle. Participaram 146 profissionais que responderam a um questionário formado por perguntas sobre dados sócio-demog..

Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most widely used tools to assess economic decision-making. However, the research tradition on aging and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been mainly focused on the overall performance of older adults in relation to younger or clinical groups, remaining unclear whether older adults are capable of learning along the task. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine older adults’ decision-making on the IGT, to test the effects of aging on reversal learning (45 studies) (...) and to provide normative data on total and block net scores (55 studies). From the accumulated empirical evidence, we found an average total net score of 7.55 (± 25.9). We also observed a significant reversal learning effect along the blocks of the IGT, indicating that older adults inhibit the prepotent response towards immediately attractive options associated with high losses, in favor of initially less attractive options associated with long-run profit. During block 1, decisions of older adults led to a negative gambling net score, reflecting the expected initial pattern of risk-taking. However, the shift towards more safe options occurred between block 2 (small-to-medium effect size) and blocks 3, 4, 5 (medium-to-large effect size). These main findings highlight that older adults are able to move from the initial uncertainty, when the possible outcomes are unknown, to decisions based on risk, when the outcomes are learned and may be used to guide future adaptive decision-making. (shrink)