This study aimed to investigate the features of only child status related to physical health, mathematics achievement, and school feelings and expectations from a different perspective. A representative sample of 91,619 Grade 4 students with an average age of 10.4 ± 0.7, among which 28,631 were only children, were assessed. We used propensity score matching and the average treatment effects on the treatment to analyze data. The treatment was the only child of a family. The results indicated that only children (...) have better academic achievement and school feelings, while non-only children have better physical status and anaerobic fitness. In addition, gender and rural vs. urban areas differences were also explored. The adverse situation for rural only boys is emphasized for families, researchers, and governments to focus on. Some suggestions are given under the Two- and Three-Child Policy. (shrink)

Calibration errors are inevitable and should not be ignored during the estimation of item parameters. Items with calibration error can affect the measurement results of tests. One of the purposes of the current study is to investigate the impacts of the calibration errors during the estimation of item parameters on the measurement accuracy, average test length, and test efficiency for variable-length cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing. The other purpose is to examine the methods for reducing the adverse effects of calibration (...) errors. Simulation results show that calibration error has negative effect on the measurement accuracy for the deterministic input, noisy “and” gate model, and the reduced reparameterized unified model; the average test lengths is shorter, and the test efficiency is overestimated for items with calibration errors; the compensatory reparameterized unified model is less affected by the calibration errors, and the classification accuracy, average test length, and test efficiency are slightly stable in the CRUM framework; methods such as improving the quality of items, using large calibration sample to calibrate the parameters of items, as well as using cross-validation method can reduce the adverse effects of calibration errors on CD-CAT. (shrink)

Bayesian networks can be employed to cognitive diagnostic assessment. Most of the existing researches on the BNs for CDA utilized the MCMC algorithm to estimate parameters of BNs. When EM algorithm and gradient descending learning method are adopted to estimate the parameters of BNs, some challenges may emerge in educational assessment due to the monotonic constraints cannot be satisfied in the above two methods. This paper proposed to train the BN first based on the ideal response pattern data contained in (...) every CDA and continue to estimate the parameters of BN based on the EM or the GD algorithm regarding the parameters based on the IRP training method as informative priors. Both the simulation study and realistic data analysis demonstrated the validity and feasibility of the new method. The BN based on the new parameter estimating method exhibits promising statistical classification performance and even outperforms the G-DINA model in some conditions. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound psychological and behavioral impact on people around the world. Consumer purchase behaviors have thus changed greatly, and consumer services companies need to adjust their business models to adapt to this change. From the perspective of consumer psychology, this paper explores the impact of consumer purchase behavior changes over the course of the pandemic on the business model design of consumer services companies using a representative survey of 1,742 individuals. Our results show that changes (...) in consumer purchase behavior have a significant impact on the design of consumer services firms’ business models. Specifically, changes in consumers’ purchase object, motive, and timeframe are more likely to spark a novelty-centered business model design, whereas changes in purchase method tend to inspire an efficiency-centered one. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for consumer services companies in designing business models when faced with unexpected crises. (shrink)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education has become an important approach to learning in the information era and an important research topic in the field of educational technology as well as that of education in general. Teacher–student interaction in online education is an important factor affecting students’ learning performance. This study employed a questionnaire survey to explore the influence of teacher–student interaction on learning effects in online education as well as the mediating role of psychological atmosphere and learning engagement. The (...) study involved 398 college students studying at Chinese universities as the research object. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire. The study found that the level of teacher–student interaction positively affected students’ learning effects. The psychological atmosphere mediated the positive effect of the level of teacher–student interaction on learning effects with mediating effect value of 0.1248. Learning engagement mediated the positive effect of teacher–student interaction on learning effects with a mediating effect value of 0.1539. The psychological atmosphere and learning engagement play a chain-mediating role in the mechanism of teacher–student interaction affecting students’ learning effects; that is, teacher–student interaction promotes students’ learning engagement by creating a good psychological atmosphere, which, in turn, influences learning effects. The mediating effect value was 0.0403. The results indicate that teacher–student interaction not only directly affects students’ learning effects but also influences students’ learning effects through the mediating effect of the psychological atmosphere and learning engagement. (shrink)

本书分两部分,上编主要探讨了教育哲学的概念、功能和使命,教育哲学的历史、现状及其未来展望,教育哲学的特质,中国传统教育哲学思想;下编探讨了知识经济观念对教育的影响、创新教育与教育创新的问题等。.

Zi xin Zhongguo cheng li yi lai, sui zhe Zhongguo she hui wen hua de xi ju xing bian qian, Zhongguo wen yi xue ye jing li le duo ci zhuan xing, ben shu zai yi"shi" wei zhu yao xian suo de ji chu shang, yi wen yi xue si chao wei zhu ti an pai zhang jie jie gou.

PurposeThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is a vision threatening autoimmune and inflammatory orbital disease, and has been reported to be associated with a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities of bilateral hemispheres. However, whether the interhemisphere functional connectivity of TAO patients is altered still remain unclear. A new technique called voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity combined with support vector machine method was used in the present study to explore interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity alterations in patients with TAO.MethodsA total of 21 TAO patients and 21 (...) wellmatched healthy controls, respectively, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning in the resting state. We evaluated alterations in the resting state functional connectivity between hemispheres by applying VMHC method and then selected these abnormal brain regions as seed areas for subsequent study using FC method. Furthermore, the observed changes of regions in the VMHC analysis were chosen as classification features to differentiate patients with TAO from HCs through support vector machine method.ResultsThe results showed that compared with HCs, TAO patients showed significantly lower VMHC values in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, calcarine, middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and angular. Moreover, significantly decreased FC values were found between the right postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and left lingual gyrus/cuneus/superior occipital gyrus, left postcentral gyrus/lingual gyrus/calcarine and right lingual gyrus/ middle temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum-8/lingual gyrus/middle occipital gyrus/supplementary motor area, left middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus/angular and left middle temporal pole. The SVM classification model achieved good performance in differentiating TAO patients from HCs.ConclusionThe present study revealed that the altered interhemisphere interaction and integration of information involved in cognitive and visual information processing pathways including the postcentral gyrus, cuneus, cerebellum, angular, widespread visual cortex and temporal cortex in patients with TAO relative to HC group. VMHC variability had potential value for accurately and specifically distinguishing patients with TAO from HCs. The new findings may provide novel insights into the neurological mechanisms underlying visual and cognitive disorders in patients with TAO. (shrink)

本书对陶行知和牧口常三郎这两位分别在中国和日本近代教育发展进程中具有重要影响的教育家的教育思想进行了系统梳理和比较研究.

Ninety-year-old Master Nan Huaijin and his students' ten-day course, the essence of his life is all in his life. The recording of the class in 2008 was formally compiled and published today. Nanshi has explained the essentials of practice with nearly a hundred years of experience and reminded the quick way to get started. Study case study for each person, reminding the key points of study, it is enough for later reference. Introduce the content and history of Dharma Sutra and (...) Dao Di Sutra repeatedly, and use the essence of Langa Sutra, Deep Secret Sutra, Middle Theory, Guan Zi and other books to illustrate internal cultivation Theories and methods for external use. The study of traditional Chinese mind, body, life and life, including Zen, Taoism. (shrink)

本书主要内容包括:经典力学和经典物理学的神圣庙堂;不识庐山真面目,只缘身在些山中;把经典力学的基本概念从奥林帕斯山上拉下来;危机是革命的前夜;爱因斯坦开拓奇妙的新世界;历史是一面最好的镜子等.

“六经”是中国传统文化和中华民族优秀的思想文化遗产，也是推动当代社会文化不断前进发展的动力资源之一，所以值得深入研究。本书选取《穀梁》中有关中国传统政治伦理的几个核心问题，如死义、复仇、慎让等，通过经 典诠释的方法，以文本的深入解读，不同文本的对比和义理的细致阐发，对中国传统政治伦理意识的相关内容的形成和历史演变、基本内涵、主要特征，及其价值取向等，作了较为系统、深入的论述，并能提出自己的许多独立见 解。在一些文本解读和义理阐发上发人之所未发，取得了一些突破性的进展。.

本書著意就道家與中外哲學進行一些比較。全書分為總論篇、分論篇、專論篇、新論篇四大部分，探討了道家哲學在中國傳統文化體系中的地位、思想淵源、現代啟迪以及道家哲學在實踐中的主要成就；重點討論了道家哲學中關 於本體論、有無觀、價值論、宇宙觀、認識論、政治思想、平等思想、審美思想、人生之道等問題；針對現實中突出的問題和容易誤讀、或最有爭議的問題進行分析；探討了國際性新道家熱潮所關注的熱點，並對其發展前景做出 展望。.

volume 1. Zou xiang xin xue de jue wu zhi lu -- volume 2. Wen tao wu lüe de xin xue zong shi -- volume 3. Liang zhi xin xue de ren wen qing huai.