Ausgehend von empirischen Befunden und theoretischen Konzepten der Gegenwart stellt die vorliegende Untersuchung die Frage nach den historischen Wurzeln einer Theorie traumatisch verursachter Psychosen in Freuds Schriften. Den Hintergrund bildet der alte Vorwurf, Freud habe zugunsten der Entwicklung seiner Trieblehre reale Grenzverletzungen ungenügend berücksichtigt. Für nicht-psychotische Störungen wurde dies inzwischen eindeutig widerlegt. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass Freud auch für Psychosen über die verschiedenen Phasen seiner Theoriebildung hinweg traumatische Erlebnisse ätiologisch berücksichtigte. Als missverständlich und aus heutiger Sicht problematisch erscheint jedoch, (...) dass er weniger komplexen Erwägungen seiner Schüler, etwa Karl Abrahams, öffentliche Zustimmung zollte. (shrink)

Em 'Afrontar Fronteiras', o autor procura refletir sobre a obra de conferencistas contemporâneos que se apresentaram em Fronteiras do Pensamento, vindos de centros importantes do exterior e do nosso País. O livro distribui o temário em capítulos que pretendem abranger temas como o cérebro, a mente, a máquina, a cultura erudita, a cultura popular, a violência, o trabalho, a mulher, a globalização. Tem a intenção de contribuir para que o debate de questões relevantes se relacione com preocupações das pessoas, o (...) que o leva a tratá-las no contexto local, nacional e mundial. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Nietzsche-Studien Jahrgang: 47 Heft: 1 Seiten: 340-363.

As I write this, in November 1971, people are dying in East Bengal from lack of food, shelter, and medical caxc. The suffering and death that are occurring there now axe not inevitable, 1101; unavoidable in any fatalistic sense of the term. Constant poverty, a cyclone, and a civil war have turned at least nine million people into destitute refugees; nevertheless, it is not beyond Lhe capacity of the richer nations to give enough assistance to reduce any further suffering to (...) very small proportions. The decisions arid actions of human beings can prevent this kind of suffering. Unfortunately, human beings have not made the necessary decisions. At the individual level, people have, with very few exceptions, not responded to the situation in any signihczmt way. Generally speaking, people have not given large sums to relief funds; they have not written t0 their parliamentaxy representatives demanding increased government assistance; they have not demonstrated in the streets, held symbolic fasts, or done anything else directed toward providing thc refugees with the means to satisfy their essential needs. At thc government level, no govcrmmcnt has given the sort of massive aid that would enable the refugees to survive fm: more than a few days. Britain, for instance, has given rather more than most countries. It has, to date, given £14,750,000. For comparative purposes, B1~itain’s share of thc nonreccverabla development costs of the Anglo-French Concorde project is already in excess of £275,000,000, and on present estimates will reach £440,000,¤00. The implication is that the British government values a supersonic transport more than thirty times as.. (shrink)

For thirty years, Peter Singer's Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical challenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat from intensively reared animals? (...) Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet's environment. This book's lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live. (shrink)

Introduction These essays have been written over a period of about ten years and have already been published separately in various places. ...

What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong? For many scientists, the key lies entirely in biology---especially in Darwinian theories of evolution and self-preservation. But if evolution is a struggle for survival, why are we still capable of altruism? In his classic study The Expanding Circle, Peter Singer argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one's kin and community members but (...) has developed into a consciously chosen ethic with an expanding circle of moral concern. Drawing on philosophy and evolutionary psychology, he demonstrates that human ethics cannot be explained by biology alone. Rather, it is our capacity for reasoning that makes moral progress possible. In a new afterword, Singer takes stock of his argument in light or recent research on the evolution of morality.--Publisher's description. (shrink)

Scientific reasoning is—and ought to be—conducted in accordance with the axioms of probability. This Bayesian view—so called because of the central role it accords to a theorem first proved by Thomas Bayes in the late eighteenth ...

In his “Begriffsschrift, a Formalized Language of Pure Thought Modelled upon the Language of Arithmetic,” published in 1879, Frege attributes his approach to Leibniz’ idea of a “lingua characteristica.” And it can be said that, in the field of logic and the foundations of mathematics, he indeed achieved the realization of the essential aspects of Leibniz’ program.

First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Since its original publication in 1975, this groundbreaking work has awakened millions of people to the existence of "speciesism"—our systematic disregard of nonhuman animals—inspiring a worldwide movement to transform our attitudes to animals and eliminate the cruelty we inflict on them. In Animal Liberation, author Peter Singer exposes the chilling realities of today’s "factory farms" and product-testing procedures—destroying the spurious justifications behind them, and offering alternatives to what has become a profound environmental and social as well as moral issue. (...) An important and persuasive appeal to conscience, fairness, decency, and justice, it is essential reading for the supporter and the skeptic alike. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Suarez, Descartes, Spinoza, Hobbes, Locke, Newton" verfügbar.