Prendre soin d’un parent souffrant de la maladie d’Alzheimer place l’ensemble de la famille dans des circonstances complexes et difficiles. Cet article s’emploie à comprendre comment la maladie d’Alzheimer vient convoquer l’histoire familiale, ses conflits et ses traces du négatif, perturbant à la fois les liens familiaux et l’inscription des proches dans leur rôle d’aidant. Les auteures rendent compte d’entretiens cliniques à visée de recherche menés auprès d’une fratrie de quatre sœurs confrontées à la dépendance de leur mère atteinte de (...) la maladie d’Alzheimer. À partir d’une analyse phénoménologique, elles montrent l’importance de la désorganisation des liens familiaux et la réactivation des conflits dans l’organisation concrète des aidants autour du parent malade. Les enfants confrontés à la maladie grave d’un parent doivent non seulement réaliser un travail d’acceptation de la maladie, mais aussi réélaborer l’histoire familiale ainsi réactivée. (shrink)

Si l’attachement à une personne référente est reconnu comme essentiel dans la construction psychique du jeune enfant, sa théorie reste peu envisagée pour appréhender la clinique du sujet âgé et la nature de ses relations à autrui. La vieillesse rend parfois le sujet vulnérable physiquement et psychiquement et inscrit la personne âgée dans une relation de dépendance à autrui, qualifié alors d’« aidant familial principal ». À travers les exemples de l’attachement dans le couple vieillissant et l’attachement en institution, il (...) s’agit de comprendre pourquoi ce besoin d’attachement se trouve réactivé au temps de la vieillesse et en quoi la théorie de l’attachement peut venir éclairer la clinique du sujet âgé. (shrink)

Si l’attachement à une personne référente est reconnu comme essentiel dans la construction psychique du jeune enfant, sa théorie reste peu envisagée pour appréhender la clinique du sujet âgé et la nature de ses relations à autrui. La vieillesse rend parfois le sujet vulnérable physiquement et psychiquement et inscrit la personne âgée dans une relation de dépendance à autrui, qualifié alors d’« aidant familial principal ». À travers les exemples de l’attachement dans le couple vieillissant et l’attachement en institution, il (...) s’agit de comprendre pourquoi ce besoin d’attachement se trouve réactivé au temps de la vieillesse et en quoi la théorie de l’attachement peut venir éclairer la clinique du sujet âgé. (shrink)

Cet article porte un regard sur les temporalités et les territorialités nocturnes des pratiques et des usages quotidiens à l’île de la Réunion. Peu d’études en sciences sociales ont jusqu’alors réussi à s’extraire des grandes métropoles du Nord pour décentrer leur regard et s’intéresser aux nuits des espaces urbains tropicaux. Dans cette perspective, l’une des tâches de fond consiste à étudier la place de l’obscurité dans le vécu et l’imaginaire des populations réunionnaises, gageant qu’une meilleure connaissance et compréhension des territorialités (...) nocturnes pourrait aider à consolider les démarches de protection de l’environnement nocturne dans le quotidien de l’aménagement des territoires. L’île a vu depuis plusieurs décennies ses campagnes se transformer profondément, pour certaines très marquées par l’exode, pour d’autres avalées dans un processus d’urbanisation non maîtrisé. C’est dans ce contexte que notre équipe a commencé à installer, en partenariat avec le Parc national de... (shrink)

By considering what we identify as a problem inherent in the ‘nature of the firm’—the risk of abuse of authority—we propound the conception of a social contract theory of the firm which is truly Rawlsian in its inspiration. Hence, we link the social contract theory of the firm with the general theory of justice. Through this path, we enter the debate about whether firms can be part of Rawlsian theory of justice showing that corporate governance principles enter the “basic structure.” (...) Finally, we concur with Sen’s aim to broaden the realm of social justice beyond what he calls the ‘transcendental institutional perfectionism’ of Rawls’ theory. We maintain the contractarian approach to justice but introduce Sen’s capability concept as an element of the constitutional and post-constitutional contract model of institutions with special reference to corporate governance. Accordingly, rights over primary goods and capabilities are granted by the basic institutions of society, but many capabilities have to be turned into the functionings of many stakeholders through the operation of firms understood as post-constitutional institutional domains. The constitutional contract on the distribution of primary goods and capabilities should then shape the principles of corporate governance so that at post-constitutional level anyone may achieve her/his functionings in the corporate domain by exercising such capabilities. In the absence of such a condition, post-constitutional contracts would distort the process that descends from constitutional rights and capabilities toward social outcomes. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage porte sur les transformations du droit de la propriété intellectuelle intervenus au cours des vingt dernières années dans le contexte de développement rapide des recherches sur les gènes et de quête d'innovations biotechnologiques appliquées à la médecine. L'apparition des brevets sur les gènes humains témoigne d’un puissant mouvement de marchandisation des connaissances. Celui-ci a pour base un déplacement important des équilibres entre science et technologie, entre le système de recherche public fonctionnant selon un régime de 'science ouverte', et (...) la recherche industrielle et privée fonctionnant selon un régime de réservation et d’appropriation des connaissances. La forme privilégiée prise par ce processus est le développement d’un secteur 'mixte' - un marché de la recherche de base sur lequel opèrent start-ups et gestionnaires de capital risque. Nous entrons dans l'ère post-industrielle - aux côtés de l’économie de l'information se dessine une économie de la connaissance qui propulse la recherche fondamentale dans la sphère marchande. Cette mutation s'accompagne d'un remaniement des concepts juridiques à l'aune d'une politique scientifique fondée sur la concurrence et la rentabilisation des coûts. La recherche en génétique est sans doute le domaine où s'exposent le plus clairement les interactions droit-économie induites par cette nouvelle donne. En effet, se constitue autour de la connaissance sur le gène humain devenue marchandise, un secteur aux allures d’ordre scientifico-concurrentiel. Le droit est partie prenante de cette évolution puisqu'il offre au secteur émergent tous les outils juridiques nécessaires à son développement. Cette étude présente les risques liés à cet état du droit - atteintes à la liberté de la recherche, appropriation de la connaissance, abandon d’une conception du droit comme lieu indépendant et maître de l'intérêt général au profit d'une attitude de suivisme et de gestion purement pratique des usages dominants. La vision transdisciplinaire ici offerte dépouille le débat des entraves idéologiques et des faux-semblants qui l’obèrent sur le plan scientifique, éthique, politique et même économique. En proposant une alternative, par la mise en place d'une autorité de régulation, à l’économisme ambiant, sans tomber dans le refus éthique catégorique, l’ouvrage invite scientifiques et juristes à poursuivre un travail d’imagination plus novateur dans le but de préserver le développement des sciences du vivant, spécialement du vivant humain, dans le respect de l'Homme. (shrink)

Les chaînes privées allemandes ne sont pas vraiment réputées pour le niveau élevé des débats qu'elles diffusent; la surprise est d'autant plus grande pour le zappeur qui, aux alentours de minuit, tombe sur ce genre de phrases : « La superstition économique est un peu comme l'éventail des vertus bourgeoises » ou « Les solutions se trouvent toujours dans la rue, dans le trafic. » Aucun doute : il s'agit d'une des émissions culturelles les plus remarquables - au sens plein (...) du mot - d'Alexander Kluge. Kluge a trouvé en Joseph Vogl un partenaire idéal pour sa technique d'interview si caractéristique. Le résultat de cette passion commune, ce sont plus de 40 interviews télévisuelles qui renouvellent le genre en profondeur. La digression, maniée avec un talent particulier, n'y est jamais gratuite. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe incorrect conceptualization and evaluation of reparations for colonial slave trade and slavery within the legal, as opposed to the political, domain, produces an interpretation of the demands in France that views them as morally absurd and politically deleterious. I’ll use Iris Marion Young’s distinction between a liability model and a social connection model of responsibility to suggest that the moral claim according to which we can be held responsible today for redressing the structural injustices inherited from slave trade and (...) slavery is not irrational, nor motivated by a political will to divide the body politic between blamed perpetrators and innocent victims. I’ll first analyze the difficulties posed by the liability model by focusing on a specific legal case, MIR and CMDP vs. French state. Then I’ll argue that using a political model of responsibility solves conceptual and normative issues and allows us to understand why, and to what extent, we are responsible for redressing the structural racial injustice that endures in French society. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:This paper analyzes how national institutional factors affect the adoption of the international environmental management standard ISO 14001, using a panel of 139 countries from 1996 to 2006. The analysis emphasizes that during the emerging phase of the standard, the potential lack of consensus within the constituents of the national institutional environment concerning the value of a new standard could send mixed signals to firms about the standard. The results show that in the early phase of adoption, regulative and normative (...) forces within the institutional environment can work against each other. Results also show that regulative or coercive forces play a relatively more important role in the early phase of adoption of the standard than in the subsequent phases of diffusion. In the later phases of diffusion of ISO 14001, normative forces, such as the diffusion of other management standards, as well as factors related to trade, play a more important role. Because of the similarities between environmental management standards and corporate social responsibility standards, this study can help identify some of the challenges for diffusion of ISO management standards in the area of social responsibility. (shrink)

Interseções e interações entre mídia, religião e mercado: um objeto dinâmico e instigante (Intersections and interactions between media, religion and market: a dynamic object and thought-provoking) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2014v12n34p284 Editorial - Dossiê: Religião, Mercado e Mídia.

In connection with the European orientations, the teachers’ training in France follows deep reforms since 2005. The stake in which is a strengthening of the professional skills and knowledge which is leaning back against the research. On the base of longitudinal data collected with 3 generations of students, which are registered to the new Master›s degree «enseigner, éduquer, apprendre (to teach, to educate, to learn) « opened at the university of Burgundy in 2010, this research ponders over the way the (...) students (preparing themselves to become teachers) perceive the quality of their professionalization. In spite of the feeling not to be prepared enough for the exercise of their job, the speech of the students reveals an appropriation of the institutional logics of professionalization. In the current context of creation of the ESPE, this paradoxical speech invites to query the capacity of the institution to make legible its training’s processes in front of public, which remain determined by a vocational ideal. (shrink)

La acción de los medios de prensa de construir y representar realidades socioculturales genera --en reiteradas ocasiones-- relaciones desiguales, promoviendo e institucionalizando unas identidades en desmedro de otras. La situación se complejiza cuando se trata de países vecinos, con sus respectivas tradiciones socio-histórico-culturales, pasados comunes y límites bisagra. Bajo este escenario se analizaron las producciones noticiosas de cobertura nacional publicadas en los periódicos de mayor tirada de dos países limítrofes: “El Mercurio” de Chile y “El Comercio” de Perú. De este (...) modo, y por medio de una herramienta metodológica ligada al Análisis Crítico y Complejo del Discurso, esta investigación busca comprender los procesos de construcciones noticiosas y representaciones que los medios de prensa chilenos y peruanos hacen en torno a los “discursos de la diferencia” que se institucionalizan en la relación entre ambas naciones. The action of the press media of constructing and representing socio-cultural realities generates --on numerous occasions-- unequal relationships, which promote and institutionalize certain identities in detriment of others. The situation becomes more complex when it deals with neighboring countries and their corresponding socio-historical-cultural traditions, shared pasts, and “hinge-like” borders. Under this scenario, the production of national news by two nationwide press media of the neighboring countries will be analyzed: “El Mercurio” of Chile and “El Comercio” of Perú. In this manner, and using a methodological tool based on the Critical and Complex Analysis of the Discourse, the main objective of this research is to understand processes of construction of news and representations that the Chilean and Peruvian press make linked to the “discourse of the differences” which have been institutionalized in the relationship between them both. (shrink)

La multiplication sur Internet des dispositifs « interactifs » interroge les enjeux et les principes des nouvelles formes de communication qui envahissent les systèmes techniques contemporains. La banalisation et la généralisation de ces agencements machiniques remettent en question les frontières traditionnelles entre l’image et le réel, le regard et l’écran, le sens et le message, le sujet et le monde, le public et le privé, le pouvoir et la captation, la présence et l’absence, le désir et le manque...The increasing number (...) of « interactive » devices on Internet addresses the question of the stakes and principles linked to the new forms of communication invading contemporary technical systems. The trivialization and extension of these tools are a challenge to the standard boundary line between images and reality, the viewer and the screen, meaning and message, the individual and the world, the public and private spheres, power and addiction, presence and absence, desire and need.. (shrink)

This paper critically examines the debate between William of Ockham and his contemporary Peter Auriol on how to account for the intension and remission of forms. Peter Auriol denies that an added degree of a quality such as the theological virtue of charity could be anything other than something which is neither a universal nor an individual and which cannot be grasped by intuition, but must be posited in order to account for the possibility that an accidental form can vary (...) in intensity. Ockham aims at proving that Auriol’s account is inconsistent. In my opinion, Ockham does not succeed, nor does he succeed in defending a consistent account of the metaphysics underlying the intension and remission of forms. Indeed, he conceives of the degree of a quality as a part of the intensified quality which, while being an individual that is really distinct from the quality and can be picked out, forms a unity with it in such a way that the union of the degree and the quality is itself an individual. Ockham fails to distinguish the notion of maximal resemblance holding between a quality’s degree and the quality from the notion of maximal resemblance which holds between individuals of the same species. In the end, he is led to give up the idea that a degree is an individual that can be picked out in order to protect the core thesis of his nominalism about universals. (shrink)

Studies in Western contexts suggest that religiosity is in conflict with rationality since it relates to paranormal beliefs and distrust in science. East Asian cultures, known to be holistic and tolerant of contradictions, may, however, not experience this conflict. Using the International Social Survey Program, we analyzed data from Buddhists, Protestants, and Catholics in South Korea, as well as Catholics and Protestants in Austria and Denmark. Results confirmed a positive association between religiosity and paranormal beliefs among dominant religious group but (...) not among Korean Christians. Moreover, whereas religiosity in the West correlated positively with distrust in science, the opposite held for religious Korean groups. Religiosity mediated the relationship between paranormal beliefs and distrust in science among all dominant religious groups but in opposite directions in East and West. These findings bring a new cross-cultural perspective on the religion-science relationship. (shrink)

In this paper, I analyze William Crathorn’s view on extension and compare it to William Ockham’s reductionist view, according to which extension is not really distinct from substance or quality. In my view, Crathorn elaborates a metaphysical machinery based on mereological and topological relationships in order to solve what he considers to be problems in Ockham’s account of quantity. In order to make my point, I reconstruct Crathorn’s main arguments in favor of his finitist atomism. Crathorn claims that certain fundamental (...) spatial structures are of a mereological nature and that the mereological properties of located entities perfectly match those of their locations. This idea lies at the core of his solution to the paradox of touching and the metrical paradox. It allows him to redefine contiguity in such a way that extensionless magnitudes can touch and succeed each other. Crathorn goes one step further and claims that indivisibles are extended in the sense that they occupy an extended incorporeal space, which is their dimension. In this sense, they can come together to form a continuous magnitude. Thus, Crathorn succeeds in defining a concept of continuity that is compatible with his finitist atomism and that addresses what he takes to be a major weakness in Ockham’s view on extension, namely a murky concept of impenetrability. (shrink)

Corporate sustainable innovation is a major driver of institutional change, and its success can be largely attributed to employees. While some scholars have described the importance of intrinsic motivations and flexibility to facilitate innovation, others have argued that constraints and extrinsic motivations stimulate innovation. In the context of sustainable innovation, we explore which employee work practices are more conducive to firm-level innovation in corporate sustainability. Our results, based on a sample of 4640 French employees from 1764 firms, confirm the positive (...) impact of intrinsic motivations, and the negative impact of job strain, on corporate sustainable innovation. We also find that extrinsic rewards, through pay satisfaction, counteract the negative effect of job strain to promote sustainable innovation. This indicates that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards can work in tandem to facilitate sustainable innovation. (shrink)

English summary: This book attests that a study on the history of philosophy has its place in contemporary debates. This book attempts to reconstruct William of Ockham's position on the nature and function of real definitions in order to show that nominalism does not oblige a particular position on essences. French description: Guillaume d'Ockham, defenseur bien connu du nominalisme, a manifeste un interet soutenu pour les definitions reelles. Cet ouvrage s'efforce de reconstruire sa position sur la nature et la fonction (...) des definitions reelles. Un examen de ce qu'est une definition reelle appelle une etude de ce qu'est une essence et de la nature du lien a poser entre l'essentiel et le necessaire. Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de montrer que le nominalisme ne contraint pas a une position determinee sur les essences. Saul Kripke nous dit que l'essentiel se reduit au necessaire. Kit Fine, par contre, affirme qu'il faut revenir a Aristote et soutenir que l'essentiel est irreductible au necessaire. Notre examen atteste qu'une etude en histoire de la philosophie a toute sa place dans les debats contemporains. L'essentialisme de Guillaume d'Ockham incite a rendre a Aristote ce qui lui revient et a faire preuve de circonspection. En definitive, les deux positions en presence ne sont peut-etre pas incompatibles. (shrink)

En los años finales del siglo XIX, funcionarios estatales de la educación señalaron que era necesario establecer bibliotecas en las escuelas de la Norpatagonia (Territorios Nacionales de Río Negro y Neuquén), como medios de propagar el “amor por la lectura”. Sus destinatarios fueron diferenciados en tres grupos: el alumnado, el magisterio y la comunidad local. Este trabajo aborda las relaciones entre las bibliotecas escolares y el segundo grupo, centrándose en la figura de maestros y maestras como receptores y difusores de (...) la acción bibliotecaria. Por un lado, ante la negativa percepción que las autoridades tenían respecto de estos sujetos y el medio donde se desempeñaban, se esperaba que estas bibliotecas funcionaran como instrumentos para su formación y capacitación, mejorando los conocimientos y prácticas de enseñanza. Por otro lado, se encargó a cada docente la tarea de transmitir hábitos de lectura a la comunidad, mediante la constitución misma de la biblioteca escolar y la realización de actividades de difusión de la lectura entre el alumnado y sus familiares. (shrink)

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar o movimento que vai de Totalité et Infini à Autrement qu’être au-delà de l’essence, ou seja, da diferença vista como separação absoluta entre Eu e o Outro para uma diferença que atravessa a própria Subjetividade, uma diferença que passa a compor o tecido mesmo desta Subjetividade e, por sua vez, o tecido mesmo do próprio texto. O dizer não se apresenta aqui como um movimento verbal, mas é passividade extrema de exposição ao Outro. Podemos (...) dizer que o Outro é anterior a mim, é ele que me chama a existência, não sendo então signo verbal, nem modalidade de conhecimento. Seu sentido está no fato de expor uma subjetividade ferida, desde sua origem pelo outro. O estrangeiro não é mais o Outro, mas sua condição de estrangeiro pertence a subjetividade, fazendo com que o sujeito deixe de ser contemporâneo de si mesmo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Subjetividade. Diferença. Alteridade. Corpo. Dizer. Linguagem. (shrink)

Pourquoi la colère selon Platon ? S'évader d'une perspective classique qui présente tout excès comme étant mauvais, telle est la tentative de cette étude de la colère selon Platon.

Air pollution is one of the largest environmental health risks globally but is often imperceptible to people. Air quality smartphone applications provide real-time localized air quality information and have the potential to help people learn about the health effects of air pollution and enable them to take action to protect their health. Hundreds of air quality apps are now available; however, there is scant information on how effective these mobile apps are at educating stakeholders about air pollution and promoting behavioral (...) change to protect their health. In this paper, we test how intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can enhance users’ engagement with air quality information through an app, and favor changes in protective behavior. We developed an air quality app, AirForU, with a built-in research study that was downloaded by 2740 users. We found that engagement was higher for users with intrinsic motivations, such as those who are health conscious, either because they are suffering from heart disease or other conditions aggravated by air pollution, or because they exercise frequently and want to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Extrinsic motivations such as notifications were also effective. App users stated that they frequently shared air quality information with others, learned about the Air Quality Index, and took measures to protect their health while using AirForU app. (shrink)

In this paper, I intend to present the way in which contingency and causal determinism relate in some major late-medieval views on the metaphysics of causation. I will focus on Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, and John Buridan. First, I will show that Scotus’s new insights into the metaphysics of modalities had important consequences for the way contingency was related to causality: Ockham and Buridan do not consider contingency as a by-product of the necessary emanation of God (...) any more but as a distinctive property of God as the first cause and, therefore, of the created world as a whole. Second, I will show that the growing interest from Scotus onward in explaining and justifying inductive reasoning led to an extensive analysis of the nature and function of the principle of the uniformity of nature. Third, I will explain why the progressive psychologization of final causes led to the exclusion of final explanations from physics. The consequence of this process is the development a new way of conceiving chance and hazard, and the separation between free and natural agents. We can speak here of a tendentially mechanistic picture of the world. (shrink)

The chapter published in the book ‘Contingency and Natural Order in Early Modern Science’, pages 27–59, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67378-3_3, has been retracted because it contains significant parts plagiarizing another publication.

European Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.

To understand the negative effect in the discursive multiplicity, it’s necessary to comprehend that the production of knowledge is not a free and natural exercise of the human spirit but a series of codes and rules of formation that leads to the production of speeches. That is the reason why we will take in high consideration Focault’s studies in the control of speeches. By doing this we will be capable to understand the way that subjects of knowledge, the epistemes and (...) the universal speeches (of all societies) are organized. We will use some arguments that belong to Latin American postcolonial studies to prove that discursive rank founded in the Western way of thinking allowed racial, social and cultural rankings that led to a global domination in many aspects. In this frame we will also introduce the “knowledge coloniality” category in order to define the way how the production of knowledge was under control in the colonial system (that, by the way, is still current). To bring matters to a close, this procedure will let us define the “geopolitics of knowledge” (as proposed by Mignolo) in a sense that cognitive capitalism is a geopolitical determination of the actual knowledge production. (shrink)

This edited volume presents new lines of research dealing with the language of thought and its philosophical implications in the time of Ockham. It features more than 20 essays that also serve as a tribute to the ground-breaking work of a leading expert in late medieval philosophy: Claude Panaccio. Coverage addresses topics in the philosophy of mind and cognition (externalism, mental causation, resemblance, habits, sensory awareness, the psychology, illusion, representationalism), concepts (universal, transcendental, identity, syncategorematic), logic and language (definitions, syllogisms, modality, (...) supposition, obligationes, et cetera), action theory (belief, will, action), and more. A distinctive feature of this work is that it brings together contributions in both French and English, the two major research languages today on the main theme in question. It unites the most renowned specialists in the field as well as many of Claude Panaccio's former students who have engaged with his work over the years. In furthering this dialogue, the essays render key topics in fourteenth-century thought accessible to the contemporary philosophical community without being anachronistic or insensitive to the particularities of the medieval context. As a result, this book will appeal to a general population of philosophers and historians of philosophy with an interest in logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics. (shrink)

We propose a model that identifies the configurations of relations between environmental practices and other management practices that can improve employee performance, measured as labor productivity. To test our model, we use the qualitative comparative analysis methodology, which allows us to demonstrate empirically how different configurations of management practices, including environmental practices, quality management systems, teamwork, and interorganizational relations, contribute to work systems in ways that increase labor productivity. Our results, based on data from 4,975 employees from 1,866 firms, show (...) that environmental practices are associated with higher labor productivity only when they are combined with other management practices. (shrink)