Hydromechanical continuously variable transmission is capable of bearing large torque and has wide transmission range, which is suitable for high-power tractors. Dynamic characteristics could influence the tractor life, especially in a high-power tractor. Wet clutch is the crucial component in the HMCVT, which could smooth and soft power transmission. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamic characteristics and implement the wet clutch test of HMCVT. In this paper, AMESim is used to establish virtual models of gearbox, pump-controlled hydraulic motor (...) system, and shifting hydraulic system. Then, a simulation study of tractor operation under working condition is carried out. The internal and external meshing forces of the planetary row are analyzed. Finally, the wet clutch engagement process of HMCVT in the high-power tractor is tested to verify the oil pressure. The simulation results show that the values of internal and external meshing force become larger as the throttle opening increases. At the moment of shifting change, the meshing forces of the planetary gear have great impact. The clutch test shows that the trend of the oil filling curve obtained from the bench test is similar to that obtained from the theoretical curve, which verifies the simulation results. (shrink)

This paper explores the cooperation mechanisms for the prisoner’s dilemma game, a canonical example for studying cooperation mechanisms, with Bayesian games. By the approach allowing simultaneous moves with the assumption that the players might be self-interested or norm-following, we establish four possible Bayesian game models, all of which are cooperation mechanisms for the prisoner’s dilemma game except for the model in which one of the two players must be self-interested.

Este artículo estudia los mecanismos de circulación de intelectuales hispanoamericanos en Colombia durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix. Dicho período evidenció una modernización de la prensa y el mercado del libro en la región, que expandió el espacio de acción de los intelectuales, generando conexiones entre ellos y permitiendo el desarrollo de un debate continental, especialmente alrededor del liberalismo. En particular, el liberalismo colombiano tuvo álgidos debates con el liberalismo chileno. A raíz de los intercambios, se consolidó una comunidad (...) intelectual hispanoamericana. (shrink)

本书分历史、思想两大篇包括:第一章:从“稷下黄老”到“家人之言”、第二章:《文子》、《经法》及其他、第三章:诸子“文篇俱在”与“秦圣”自谓“真人”、第四篇:“学者子者则绌儒学”等内容。.

本书为熊十力先生的最后一部著作,写成于1963年.作者以随笔为名,写来不论长言与简说,而都无体系,随时随即而写.该书以新唯识论重释十二缘生,对于今日学术思想之研究亦多有参考价值.

As studies continue to accumulate on leader humility, it has become clear that humility in a leader is largely beneficial to his or her followers. While the majority of the empirical research on this topic has demonstrated the positive effects of leader humility, this study challenges that consensus by arguing that a leader’s humble behavior can have contradictory outcomes in followers’ voice behavior. Drawing on attachment theory, we develop a model which takes into account the ways in which leader humility (...) influences the seemingly contradictory voice behavior of followers, i.e., inducing challenging voice, and defensive voice depending on the followers’ sense of security as reflected by feeling trusted and self-efficacy for voice. The results of this empirical study confirm that leader humility influences followers’ voice in a contradictory way through their sense of security. (shrink)

Este trabajo describe la vida y escritos de L. Polo hasta 1996. A los 25 años descubrió su método de pensamiento: el abandono del limite mental. Vivió en Madrid, Roma, Granada y Pamplona. Amante de la verdad y de la libertad personal. Entre sus obras más profundas se encuentran las que componen su Curso de teoría del conocimiento y su Antropología trascendental.

Many studies in Western societies show a pattern of discriminative grandparental investment as follows: maternal grandmothers (MGMs) > maternal grandfathers (MGFs) > paternal grandmothers (PGMs) > paternal grandfathers (PGFs). This pattern is in line with the expectation from evolutionary reasoning. Yet whether or not this pattern applies in China is in question. The present study was based on a questionnaire survey at a university in Central China (N = 1,195). Results show that (1) when grandparent–grandchild residential distance during grandchildren’s childhood (...) is controlled, in the case of grandsons and granddaughters as a whole and granddaughters only, both grandparental caregiving and grandchildren’s emotional closeness to grandparents display a rank order of MGM > MGF > PGM > PGF, but in the case of grandsons only, this order is not statistically significant. (2) There are stable relationships between grandparental caregiving/grandchildren’s emotional closeness and residential distance/similarity in appearance. (3) The effects of residential distance on either PGFs’ or PGMs’ caregiving exceed those on either MGFs’ or MGMs’. (4) The PGF and PGM prefer grandsons to granddaughters in their caregiving, whereas the MGF and MGM do not have a sex preference, and (5) the fact that the PGF and PGM invest more in grandsons than in granddaughters does not depend on grandsons’ duration of living in a rural area. Our results suggest that (1) in general, the Chinese display a pattern of differential grandparental investment predicted by an evolutionary perspective, (2) the evolutionary perspective that combines the two factors of paternal uncertainty and sex-specific reproductive strategies is applicable to grandparental investment in China, and (3) the traditional son-preference culture also plays some role in affecting grandparental investment in China, though the roles of culture and urban–rural cultural difference should not be exaggerated. (shrink)

The recent COVID-19 crisis caught many by surprise. Yet some firms were better prepared to weather the downturn than others. Using a comprehensive data set that observes over 15,000 firms in 27 countries, including several developing countries, shortly before and after the pandemic, we document that pre-crisis innovation affected firm’s survival odds and performance thereafter. The results show that innovative firms are less likely to close and perform better than non-innovators during the pandemic crisis. Innovative firms are also more optimistic (...) about the future than non-innovators. Our results further indicate that firm’s adaptability mediates the relationship between innovation and survival outcomes. The study finding shows that innovative firms are more likely to introduce new products, remote work arrangements, increase delivery, pivoting, and online activities than non-innovators during the pandemic crisis. (shrink)

Achieving food system sustainability is one of the more pressing challenges of this century. Over the last decades, experts from diverse disciplines and intellectual traditions have worked to document the critical threats to food system sustainability and to define an appropriate agenda for action. Nevertheless, these efforts have tended to focus selectively on only a few components of the food system or have tended to be framed in particular discourses. Depending on the point of departure, what aspects of the food (...) system are considered threatened, and what must be sustained, can differ greatly between perspectives. In this article, we draw from systems-thinking and social-ecological systems concepts to focus on the underlying process-related attributes that could support a more sustainable food system. We then examine the support for specific system attributes in six different knowledge domains addressing sustainable agriculture and food. From this review, we identify five system attributes—diversity, modularity, transparency, innovation and congruence—that are repeatedly featured in the different knowledge domains as critical aspects of food system sustainability. We argue that in the face of considerable complexity and high uncertainty, these attributes can serve as a guide to conceptualizing food system choices adaptively and iteratively. (shrink)

This is a book dedicated to Professor George F. McLean (1929-2016). A group of distinguished scholars from all parts of the world provide personal reminiscences, recollections and reflections on the global outreach of McLean's philosophical work and his legacy. Authors are from such countries as Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, Zimbabwe, etc.

Achieving food system sustainability is one of the more pressing challenges of this century. Over the last decades, experts from diverse disciplines and intellectual traditions have worked to document the critical threats to food system sustainability and to define an appropriate agenda for action. Nevertheless, these efforts have tended to focus selectively on only a few components of the food system or have tended to be framed in particular discourses. Depending on the point of departure, what aspects of the food (...) system are considered threatened, and what must be sustained, can differ greatly between perspectives. In this article, we draw from systems-thinking and social-ecological systems concepts to focus on the underlying process-related attributes that could support a more sustainable food system. We then examine the support for specific system attributes in six different knowledge domains addressing sustainable agriculture and food. From this review, we identify five system attributes—diversity, modularity, transparency, innovation and congruence—that are repeatedly featured in the different knowledge domains as critical aspects of food system sustainability. We argue that in the face of considerable complexity and high uncertainty, these attributes can serve as a guide to conceptualizing food system choices adaptively and iteratively. (shrink)

Companies in the world today understand that keeping users in touch is essential to enhancing their trust. The primary objective of this study was to determine the intention-based critical determinants of E-commerce utilization in China from the end users’ perspective. We developed a framework that identifies the factors that influence E-commerce utilization in China. Besides, we introduced observational research conducted in a real-world E-commerce sense. Results are based on a sample of 400 respondents by employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey. The (...) structural equation modeling and the partial least squares regression approach was used to analyze the data. Study results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, reputation, trust in vendors, and purchase frequency significantly influence consumers’ intention to use E-commerce systems. Research outcomes emphasize transforming social norms, raising consumers’ awareness, redesigning policy frameworks, and highlighting the paybacks that E-commerce offers through integrative and consistent efforts. (shrink)

Ernesto Volkening leyó, reescribió y comentó los Escolios a un texto implícito de Nicolás Gómez Dávila, labor interpretativa desarrollada mediante un diario de lectura con aspiraciones aforísticas y críticas. Este artículo recuerda el contenido de sus valoraciones y destaca cómo estas sirven en la definición de glosas, máximas y aforismos; así mismo, se concentra en la voluntad de estilo de los fragmentos que conforman la obra. Lo anterior favorece el examen de la forma de la escritura en las tareas críticas (...) de Volkening y la reafirmación de lazos entre diario de lectura, formas argumentativas breves y ensayo. (shrink)

RESUMEN La historia de las ideas y de la cultura considera el romanticismo un movimiento estético y literario, sin embargo su origen responde a una cuestión esencial de la Filosofía, con una actitud altamente contestataria contra las formas políticas establecidas y la educación recibida de la generación anterior. Traer el romanticismo al academicismo del aula fue la forma de desactivar su fuerza. La búsqueda de una edad heroica, determinó una concepción del tiempo y su proceso civilizador opuesta a la pretensión (...) ilustrada de progreso. El primer precedente es Hamann, una teología crítica alimentada por el pietismo que interiorizó a la vez el empirismo de Hume. Con Herder la Naturaleza se convierte en medio y fin de la nueva educación, recuperando de alguna manera lo que fue el radicalismo de Rousseau. Para Kant, aquella moda era estridente, sin embargo comprendió de ellos las aporías de un finalismo organicista de la Naturaleza y la incapacidad de explicar este proceso desde el determinismo físico laplaciano, vigente en las ciencias experimentales. Frente a la casuística externalista, la libertad se convierte en la esencia de lo humano. Esto apasionó a los románticos. Para Schiller es el motor de la historia humana, que está por encima de la historia natural —el Espíritu, según Hegel—. Este fue el contexto de la Filosofía que Fichte enseñaba, el idealismo: el deber de acción es anterior al propio deber moral. Y esta es la Filosofía de los «años de formación» de Schelling, los Naturphilosophen y el mismo Hegel. La voluntad de acción de la Filosofía fichteana es en Novalis y Hölderlin una «fuerza insconsciente». Contemplan el sublime proceso de la Naturaleza, como una transposición de su propia juventud vivida, de la contradicción y devenir de su propia psique: la crianza que supera años e incorpora etapas. Por eso Hegel apunta en su semestre de 1805/06, la Realphilosophie: «¿La Tierra tiene una historia? ¿Qué es historia?». (shrink)

This paper considers Jacques Rancière’s influential theory of the relation between aesthetics, politics, and art. First, it synthesizes Rancière’s theory. Second, it offers a critical perspective of Rancière’s conception of the autonomy of art in relation to his theory of politics and aesthetics. In doing so, the purpose is to work towards the development of a theoretical base in which we may follow Rancière’s theory of the relation between aesthetic experience and politics whilst avoiding compliance with his relatively fixed and (...) structural notion of the autonomy of art as an attribute of what he calls the aesthetic regime of art. Drawing a distinction between the autonomous experience of the work of art and the ideology of the autonomy of art, this paper argues that the prior comes about both within and in opposition to the latter: the autonomy of art hinges on a relative and relational production of a singularity, not on a structural and defining separation of art from the world of habitual aesthetic experience. (shrink)

The paper presents George McLean’s life and his extraneously rich activities in various fields, but first and foremost his endeavors to create conditions for dialogue, communication, and cooperation in philosophy and in all social life.

The paper presents George McLean’s life and his extraneously rich activities in various fields, but first and foremost his endeavors to create conditions for dialogue, communication, and cooperation in philosophy and in all social life.

Este artículo pretende ahondar el sentido ontológico de la libertad en El ser y la nada de Jean-Paul Sartre. Para ello recurre a la intencionalidad del para-sí como deseo de integración en el ser, es decir, recuperando y conservando la tensión entre la libertad como conciencia de nada y el ser. Aunque la pasión inútil del para-sí se nos presenta como una derrota de la libertad, es preciso recuperar el carácter ontológico de sus acciones. This article aims to explore more (...) in depth the ontological sense of freedom in Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre. The intentionality in the for-oneself is thus used as a desire to integrate into being, i.e. recovering and keeping the tension between freedom and consciousness of Nothingness and Being. Although the useless passion in the 'for-oneself is presented as a defeat to the freedom, it is necessary to recover the ontological character of its actions. (shrink)

This article analyzes the autofigurative strategies of La travesía by Luisa Valenzuela in terms of the narratives of the self, the Argentine dictatorship and feminism. A correspondence is found between the disavowal of the voice, the structure of the autobiographical account and the portrait of the experience of the violence of the military regime and of gender. Initially, the novel is situated at the height of the narratives of the self that, with literary resources that are separated from the most (...) conservative autobiographical writings, denounce the impossibility of understanding the subject as univocal, while founding different approaches to the retelling of the experience. This location allows exploring the formal experiments that Valenzuela carries out around the autobiographical exercise and that highlight the crisis of the construction of memory and the exposure of contemporary subjectivity. In addition, it is shown how such strategies serve as a vehicle for reflection on feminism and dictatorship that permeate all of her work. For this, Valenzuela's notion of feminine writing is used, which puts the multiplicity of perspectives before the univocity of the autobiographical voice, the ambiguous before the precise, and the collective before the authoritarian. La travesía is, then, read as part of the works that come to the narration of the experience itself in a framework of the retelling of collective memory, with narrative games that point out the deictic futility of the self and the difficulty of recounting past time, without, therefore, abandoning the call for its reconstruction as a guarantee of non-repetition. (shrink)

La cultura, en tanto manifestación de la actividad del espíritu en oposición a la actividad material, se ha entendido, generalmente, como expresión del progreso humano, que nos aleja de la barbarie. Adorno somete este concepto a un riguroso análisis dialéctico y descubre que la barbarie misma puede estar encarnada en la cultura, y que esta, como bien sucede con la industria cultural, puede estar al servicio de la dominación antes que al de la emancipación. Sin embargo, no renuncia a su (...) espíritu utópico. Este texto explora no solo la crítica de Adorno al concepto tradicional de cultura y su complicidad con la barbarie, sino también las indicaciones en el pensamiento del mismo autor para comprender las posibilidades emancipatorias de la cultura. (shrink)

With the idea of analyzing awareness as potential for knowledge, we propose a novel semantics for awareness logic. Expressivities of languages with different combinations of modalities for this semantics are investigated. We explore the properties of our semantics and compare our model with Fagin & Halpern model and the model by Heifetz et al. in partitional settings. A series of equivalence results are established from the comparison. Finally, we provide two axiomatizations for implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge, respectively, and prove (...) soundness and completeness for them. (shrink)

The article mainly tries to discuss the dialogue between China and Western countries from the aspect of logic. There were three sources of logic, including formal logic in ancient Greek, logic in Early Qin of China as well as logic in ancient India. While, among all the schools in ancient China, Mohist and Virtuoso valued logic most. But as the rulers of Han Dynasty only paid their homage to Confucianism, the two schools gradually sank, logic in Early Qin of China (...) discontinued, without entering the main headstream of logic development worldwide. Later, logic in China had little influence on Chinese society although Indian logic was introduced in Tang Dynasty, a scholar-bureaucrat named Zhizao Li in Ming Dynasty, translated logic textbook Discussion of Name and Science, and German philosopher G.W. Leibniz explained Chinese changing theory with binary system. In the early 1900s, during the process of introducing western science, logic, regarded as the basis of science and a tool of scientific research, was highly valued by Chinese scholars, in fact, western logic entered China through two channels. After Chinese scholars learnt from western logic, they made their contribution to the development of logic. (shrink)

Extant literature suggested that executive cognitive ability is a critical perspective to answering why and how enterprises perform business model innovation. However, the effect of executive cognitive ability on business model innovation is still insufficiently explored. Drawing on entrepreneurial bricolage theory, we developed a moderated mediation model which takes entrepreneurial bricolage as the mediating mechanism and environmental dynamics as the moderating mechanism to explain how executive cognitive ability influences business model innovation. We collected the data of 316 executives of Chinese (...) start-ups through questionnaires for the model test. Results showed that new venture executives' cognitive ability significantly positively affects business model innovation by mediating with entrepreneurial bricolage. Environmental dynamism positively moderates the effect of executives' cognitive ability on business model innovation. Moreover, environmental dynamism positively moderates the mediating role of entrepreneurial bricolage in executive cognitive ability and business model innovation. This study broadens the research scope of entrepreneurial bricolage theory from the perspective of cognitive ability and provides ideas for new ventures' business model innovation. (shrink)

Esta reflexión hunde sus raíces en las obras transicionales de Ernesto Sabato: Uno y el Universo y Hombres y engranajes, con elementos muy propios del mundo que instaura El túnel. Allí Juan Pablo Castel, encarna el túnel de su propia existencia desde dos puntos equidistantes y superpuestos: primero, la inmersión, que realiza como artista cuando pinta -una posibilidad que desafía toda lógica-, y segundo, la explicación, planteada como la necesidad de clarear una mujer inquieta y solitaria, frente a un mar (...) tormentoso. Lo que permitirá comprender cómo Juan Pablo Castel caminará en dos direcciones necesarias, que no admitirán una síntesis: primero, la dirección yo-universo, que encaja en la necesidad de gobernar el mundo a partir de la abstracción, la urgencia de explicación de ese hombre profano que despierta de un sueño profundo; segundo, la dirección universo-uno en tanto búsqueda de lo humano, sin disminuir las contradicciones, ese largo ir y venir que no agota esas dos tendencias entremezcladas y ambivalentes. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una reflexión ontológica de la experiencia de la literatura en el marco de la filosofía existencial y en relación con uno de los presupuestos de la estética de la recepción: el texto comprende, en su mismo ser, una virtualidad que involucra de manera activa a sus receptores. Ciertamente, la posibilidad que subyace a esta demarcación es la insurrección de la filosofía existencial de tono heideggeriano, que enmarca la pregunta por el ser en una analítica del Dasein. Dicho (...) despliegue, que se efectúa principalmente en Ser y Tiempo, tendrá en esta reflexión un viraje hacia el concepto de ‘conciencia lectora’ de Gadamer, más cercano a la estética de la recepción y que, no obstante, conserva el carácter de ser-en-el-mundo al modo de ser-en-el-texto. El objetivo es ahondar el fundamento mismo de la recepción en las duplas obra-mundo-receptor-ser-en-el-mundo, con lo que se favorece dicha experiencia como un hacerse-otro. Así las cosas, el texto transitará de una fundamentación de carácter fenomenológico-existencial con los matices que esto implica frente a los presupuestos de la fenomenología de E. Husserl, al horizonte de la estética de la recepción literaria en un despliegue de corte hermenéutico que matizará el existenciario estar/siendo-en-el-mundo al modo de ser-en-el-texto, operación que integra la apertura del texto-mundo a una búsqueda incesante de ser. En esta fusión de horizontes convergerán las nociones ‘horizonte de expectativas’ y “puntos de indeterminación’, y esto porque en ese horizonte del polo receptor se abre la indeterminación existencial al texto en tanto ocupación y cuidado de la existencia misma. (shrink)

With the development of the globalization of science and technology, innovation has become an important driving force for regional economic development. As a core element of regional innovation, financial R&D resources have also become a key element to enhance national innovation capabilities and national economic competitiveness. National and regional innovation capabilities have a direct impact. There are also many deep-seated problems behind the world-renowned achievements, such as irrational industrial structure, insufficient independent innovation capabilities, low resource utilization efficiency, and the service (...) quality and efficiency of financial institutions for the transformation of total factor productivity. These problems extremely restrict the efficiency upgrade and further development of our country’s total factor productivity. This study uses the DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in 28 provinces and regions in China in the past 10 years and uses Mapinfo12.0 software to analyze regional differences in the efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation in China from a spatial perspective. During the year, the overall R&D resource allocation efficiency of 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China has shown an upward trend. The efficiency of fiscal R&D resource allocation and the concentration of financial factors have had a positive impact on total factor productivity, transform and upgrade factors, increase total factor productivity, and provide empirical evidence for building a strong country. (shrink)

Service failure is almost inevitable with the intensifying competition in the service market and expectation of heterogeneous customers. The customer–firm relationship can significantly influence customers’ subsequent attitudes and behaviors to the service provider when they encounter service failure. This study proposes a theoretical model to examine how customer-perceived dependence affects their forgiveness toward a service failure in attribution logic. According to an experiment with 138 and a survey with 428 commercial bank customers, we used a multivariate approach to validate our (...) model. The results show that relationship-valued dependence leads to external attribution, which is positively related to customer forgiveness. In contrast, switching-cost dependence leads to internal attribution, which is negatively related to customer forgiveness. The relationship length is a relevant contextual factor that acts as a negative moderating factor. Our study contributes to the service recovery literature by elucidating the underlying process of forgiveness with the presence of the customer–firm dependence relationship. (shrink)