This research investigated the metacognitive underpinnings of moral judgment. Participants in two studies were asked to provide quick intuitive responses to moral dilemmas and to indicate their fee...

Até que ponto podemos na atualidade, em nossos sistemas educacionais, pressupor que a medida do “bom cidadão” é suficiente (bastante) para o “bom indivíduo”, ou vice-versa, como se pudéssemos considerar que “não há diferença entre a qualidade do indivíduo e a qualidade da comunidade”? Seria este mesmo o pressuposto de nossa legislação acerca dos Fins da Educação Nacional? O texto trata destas questões, explorando basicamente um texto de Bertrand Russell, no qual ele defende que “a cultura do indivíduo e o (...) preparo do cidadão são coisas diferentes”. Também sugere-se que a aceitação da tese de Russell nos leva a pensar sobre a complexidade que implica um sistema educacional disposto a formar o indivíduo tanto nas suas demandas pessoais quanto de sua condição de cidadão/cidadã. (shrink)

Using the quasi-experimental setting of the Michael Vick dogfighting case, the researchers employed rich interview content to explore the question, “When a critical event occurs in the animal advocacy field, what motivates advocacy groups to respond?” The investigation reveals that what was thought to be one critical event was in actuality three unique yet interrelated critical events— the revelation of the transgressions; the punishment of the perpetrator; and the decision about whether to ally with the perpetrator in advocacy. The study (...) shows that legitimacy concerns, occasionally paired with reflections on organizational identity, influenced the decision-making of advocacy organizations across all three critical events, as each held the potential either to legitimize or to delegitimize the advocacy organizations and/or the perpetrator. (shrink)

A dança ocupa na filosofia nietzschiana um lugar de destaque, principalmente porque envolve a música e o corpo, elementos-chave para o pensador alemão. Esse artigo investiga como o filósofo aborda essa temática em alguns aforismos de suas obras, em especial, analisando “O canto da dança” e “O outro canto da dança” de Assim Falou Zaratustra.. O texto apresenta o seguinte percurso: aborda de modo geral a relação entre filosofia e dança; apresenta a concepção de dança no texto A alma e (...) a dança do filósofo Paul Valéry e, por fim, discute a concepção da dança na filosofia nietzschiana se concentrando sobretudo na noção de eterno retorno em algumas passagens do Zaratustra. (shrink)

Modernity brought an impact on the Christian faith and these effects persist in Postmodernity. In the context of theology, the demand for a scientific answer for questions of modernity gave rise to research on the historical Jesus. There was an urgent need to know who is Jesus, how he lived and behaved, what his world or which words he pronounced in fact. That research was developed in distinct phases, revealing a plural understanding of Jesus. The current phase of the research (...) rediscovered Jesus as a Jew, inserted in culture and religion Jewish of his time. This has become an occasion for a return to the Jewish roots of Christianity, but also initiated a process of Judaization of the Christian faith. Badge of Judaization is the phenomenon of Messianic Judaism, currently spread worldwide. To emphasize the Jewishness of Jesus, Messianic Jews calls into question most of the Christians assertions, which developed over two millennia of Christianity, particularly, the understanding about the way of being and acting of the Messiah. (shrink)

Esse artigo examina como se define a questão do trágico para Hölderlin, importante poeta alemão do século XVIII. Em 1804, Hölderlin traduz e comenta as peças Édipo-rei e Antígona de Sófocles. Esse artigo se concentra na investigação sobre o trágico que Hölderlin empreende na terceira parte de suas Observações sobre Édipo, nela surgem elementos que são singulares no seu pensamento, como a cesura, a dupla infidelidade e o afastamento categórico do deus. Esses elementos permitem que Hölderlin trate o tema do (...) trágico a partir de uma visão completamente nova para o seu tempo e que propiciou o surgimento de importantes reflexões posteriores na literatura e na filosofia. Duas são as questões principais que norteiam a argumentação neste artigo: a primeira se refere à acepção singular de Hölderlin sobre os paradoxos que comumente constituem o trágico, como o humano e o divino; a segunda, a análise da tarefa poética da modernidade como tarefa possível para toda e qualquer poesia. (shrink)

La notion de lieu occupe dans le système cartésien une place stratégique : elle en manifeste la singularité tant dans le domaine de la physique que dans celui de la métaphysique. En physique, les difficultés sont nombreuses : comment Descartes parvient-il à édifier une philosophie naturelle qui produit, notamment, les lois du choc et celle de la chute des graves, dans un cadre conceptuel qui nie l'existence du vide ainsi que celle de lieux différents? Jusqu'à quel point peut-on parler d'une (...) mathématisation du réel pour un corps de doctrine aussi peu algébrique que possible? Le spectre du roman cartésien doit être chassé afin de saisir la science cartésienne dans sa nouveauté radicale. Mais dès lors que l'on s'interroge sur les motifs conceptuels qui empêchent Descartes d'élaborer une mathématisation du réel, dont la Géométrie semble lui donner les moyens et les Regulae la méthode, on est conduit à préciser la nature des procédures résolutoires de la pensée, leur portée et leurs limites et, ainsi, à entrer de plain-pied dans le champ de la mathématique, tout d'abord, puis dans celui de la métaphysique. Dire ce qu'est et ce que peut un corps s'énonce à partir du savoir de ce qu'est et de ce que peut l'esprit. En effet, Descartes attribue à l'esprit la force et la puissance, non seulement d'inventer et de produire du nouveau, mais également celle, très concrète, d'imprimer une nouvelle détermination aux mouvements des esprits animaux. On peut considérer que la force chez Descartes est indexée au spirituel plutôt qu'au corporel et qu'en dehors de la question singulière de l'Eucharistie, elle n'est efficace qu'à la condition de ne pas être localisée stricto sensu en termes de lieu : Dieu agit dans le monde pour autant qu'il n'en fait pas partie et la glande pinéale est le siège principal de l'âme, sedes et non pas locus. Cette lecture de l'œuvre cartésienne trouve ainsi dans la notion de lieu un thème d'étude particulièrement fécond, dans la mesure où elle est mobilisée à la fois dans la physique et les mathématiques cartésiennes, mais également dans la question de la localisation de Dieu dans le monde, dans celle du Christ sous les espèces consacrées, et dans celle de l'âme dans le corps. Ainsi d'un lieu à un autre, nous sommes conduits au cœur du système cartésien, par un mouvement d'approfondissement réciproque des perspectives. (shrink)

The paper’s aim is to underline the growing phenomenon of categorization of EU migrants despite the existence of a common EU citizenship. It addresses legal categorization deriving from EU legislation and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, but also factual categorization arising from host member states’ practices. The legal categorization of EU migrants reveals a clear differential treatment between economically active and inactive EU mobile citizens. Member states’ practices very often go further than legal categorization (...) by excluding poor mobile citizens, viewed as abusers of rights or as a potential threat to local public order or security. This paper also investigates the incompleteness of EU citizenship, being unable to prevent categorization of EU migrants. (shrink)

Explora as noções deleuzinas sobre o cinema e problematiza elementos relacionados a indexação de filmes. Aprofunda as questões cinematográficas trabalhadas por Deleuze, que concebe dois principais regimes de imagens, compreendidos no cinema clássico e no cinema moderno. O cinema clássico é fundado na imagem-movimento, a qual submete o tempo à ação, já o cinema moderno, caracteriza-se pela imagem-tempo, a qual desvincula tempo e movimento e revela situações óticas e sonoras puras. Analisa o problema do tempo em três filmes dirigidos por (...) Michelangelo Antonini, conhecidos como trilogia da incomunicabilidade, A Aventura (1960), A Noite (1961) e O Eclipse (1962). A partir da análise de filmes sob a abordagem deleuziana é possível ampliar as dimensões presentes na indexação, tanto no processo de leitura quanto de análise do documento, considerando a dimensão do afeto. (shrink)

Aborda o conceito filosófico de rizoma na teorização de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari para desfazer mal entendidos na literatura recente de Ciência da Informação. Explana a dinâmica de criação conceitual na Filosofia e na Ciência, entendendo-as como movimentos entre o virtual e o atual. Em seguida aborda o deslizamento de planos entre Filosofia, Arte e Ciência para ser possível compreender a absorção do conceito filosófico de rizoma pela Ciência da Informação. Apresenta a organização e fluxo da informação pensados inicialmente (...) com a noção de árvore caminhando mais recentemente para a noção de rizoma ou rede. Por fim aproxima as teorizações da filosofia da diferença e da análise de discurso da escola francesa para iluminar ainda mais os mal entendidos sobre a transposição conceitual na Ciência da Informação. (shrink)

A noção de informação cristalizou-se na área sob uma perspectiva da Teoria Matemática da Informação, sob o enfoque da comunicação, todavia, essa não é a única semântica possível. Gilbert Simondon utiliza o conceito de informação como elemento envolvido no processo de individuação. Em diálogo com a filosofia de Deleuze e as contribuições do pesquisador Faucher este ensaio explora a ontologia de Simondon a fim que recolocar o conceito de informação à Ciência da Informação. Para Simondon não há indivíduo físico, biológico, (...) psíquico ou social sem informação. A informação implica o devir da e na matéria. Sob tal fundamentação, a Ciência da Informação realiza-se no ciclo virtual-intensivo-atual enquanto segue a materialidade que devém na medida em que se informa e se individualiza. À Ciência da Informação é aberta a possibilidade de pensar a informação enquanto força intensiva sobre um plano imanente. (shrink)

Fruto de una convergencia de motivos e intereses procedentes de diversas disciplinas, los estudios sobre la argumentación han adquirido sus propias señas de identidad como conocimiento, análisis y evaluación del discurso argumentativo a través de sus dimensiones o proyecciones lógica, dialéctica, retórica y socio-institucional. La presente obra trata de reunir, precisar y articular las nociones básicas y los conceptos determinantes de los desarrollos que hoy tienen lugar en ese campo. Este Compendio de lógica, argumentación y retórica se ofrece como una (...) obra de referencia, una herramienta de trabajo y un estímulo para los estudiantes de —y los interesados o los preocupados por— la argumentación, tanto en el plano internacional como, primordialmente, en el medio cultural hispánico e hispanoamericano. No existía hasta ahora una publicación de estas características, a pesar de su necesidad tanto desde el punto de vista didáctico, y en atención a intereses prácticos, como desde el punto de vista teórico. Su elaboración ha ocupado a 59 autores, especialistas y estudiosos de diversos medios académicos y nacionalidades, en la confección de las 176 entradas de las que consta. (shrink)

Since Medellin, catechesis has continued to affirm absolute unity between human history and the history of salvation, once it understood that God reveals himself through the concrete human situation. In Puebla, however, this conviction was shaken. In the chapter reserved for catechesis, a conflict of theologies subliminally appears, marked by the presence of some antithetical parallels, such as the human situation and revealed doctrine; situation catechesis and doctrinal catechesis, mere memorizing and absence of memory. Underlying the nostalgia of a certain (...) catechesis that does not neglect the doctrine in favor of Christian praxis, a theological tension is hidden. No doubt, not all the whole episcopate in Puebla was convinced that the most human ways are exactly the most divine ones; not everyone shared the claim that God is manifested in human history and takes sides with the impoverished and suffering people. Through the study of the Catechesis Document, item 3 of chapter 3 of the Puebla Conclusions, this article aims to show the coexistence of two theologies at the 1979 Latin American Episcopal Conference. The first one was more Christo derivative, in the light of Medellin, that favors the People of God ecclesiology, valuing every baptized person and their daily reality; the other one was more Theo derivative, which makes possible the ecclesiology "Body of Christ”, which comprehends the Church as a perfect society, hierarchically organized, independent of the ways of humanity. (shrink)

Un grand nombre de philosophes contemporains de langue anglaise accordent un rôle eminent à l'imagination dans le raisonnement moral. S'inspirant de sources historiques variées ou des développements récents de la psychologie de l'empathie, ces auteurs cherchent à élargir la conception de la rationalité morale et de ce qui compte légitimement comme un argument. Cet article précise deux usages fondamentaux de la notion d'imagination : se mettre à la place d'autrui et imaginer l'avenir. Tout en soulignant la fécondité de la notion (...) d'imagination morale, on en relève également les limites épistémologiques et morales : processus exigeant, coûteux en temps et toujours faillible, l'imagination permet de comprendre pourquoi la narration et la fiction sont des ressources morales véritables mais de portée limitée. Many contemporary anglophone philosophers assign imagination an important role in moral reasoning. Relying on various historical sources as well as on recent developments in the psychology of empathy, their aim is to enlarge our conception of moral rationality and of what counts legitimately as an argument. This paper focuses on two fundamental uses of imagination: putting oneself in someone else's shoes, and imagining future scenarios. While underlining the importance of the notion of moral imagination, it highlights its epistemological and moral limits: because it is a demanding, time-consuming and always fallible process, imagination allows us to understand why narration and fiction are authentic moral resources and why they are limited in scope. (shrink)

The Patients’ Rights and Duties Act, promulgated in Chile in 2012, has made the informed consent process a critical step to respect the patient’s autonomy. It is then relevant to test health workers’ knowledge of the subject, especially in the surgery department. We carried out a quantitative study on 90 specialists from the surgery department in a public tertiary hospital, to whom a questionnaire was administered to test their knowledge of informed consent. We found that 76.6 % of the respondents (...) have a low level of knowledge, creating a setting in which patients’ rights can be violated. (shrink)

La Constitución dogmática Lumen gentium ha rescatado desde la tradición cristiana la expresión Iglesia doméstica para referirse a la familia. Dicha expresión posee en sí misma una riqueza incalculable al momento de descubrir el misterio de la esencia y misión de la familia cristiana, por lo que aporta elementos fundamentales para la elaboración de una teología de la familia. Es por este motivo que la presente investigación pretende levantar una propuesta de lectura eclesiológica de la Iglesia doméstica, a partir de (...) cuatro claves de lectura: cristológica, sacramental, pneumatológica y escatológica. The dogmatic Constitution Lumen gentium has rescued from Christian tradition, the expression Domestic Church referred to the family. Such expression possess in itself an invaluable richness considering that discovers the essence and the mission of Christian family. That´s why it contributes with fundamental matters to the elaboration of a Theology of the Family. For this reason, this research pretends to raise a proposal of ecclesiological reading of Domestic Church, based in four key reading points: Christological, sacramental, pneumatological and eschatological. (shrink)

El propósito del artículo es profundizar el carácter absoluto de la auto-comunicación de Dios al hombre, lo cual entregará un aporte a la teología actual en lo que se refiere a la comprensión y utilización del concepto de auto-comunicación, y a la vez entender de un modo renovado el encuentro entre Dios y el hombre, lo que permitirá hallar nuevas pistas para la entrega del mensaje cristiano al hombre contemporáneo. El escrito aborda el tema en dos tópicos: el primero en (...) razón del Dios absoluto, como fundamento de la auto-comunicación y el segundo que trata el carácter trinitario de la auto-comunicación absoluta. (shrink)

Resumen En el siguiente artículo se pretende hacer una lectura teológica del poder siguiendo a Karl Rahner en su concepción del mismo como don, tarea y posibilidad. El poder es don divino para el ser humano el cual participa del poder de Dios, sin embargo, cuando lo ejerce puede corromperse y pierde la finalidad para lo que es entregado. De este modo, el mal ejercicio del poder tiene repercusiones tanto para la persona como para la sociedad, graves consecuencias, por eso (...) es necesario asumir la responsabilidad de cada acción. En este sentido, el ejercicio del poder es una tarea esencial para la vida en sociedad y, a la vez, es una posibilidad de construcción del Reino con alcances escatológicos. Abtracts The following article intends to make a theological reading of power following Karl Rahner in his conception of it as a gift, task and possibility. Power is a divine gift for the human being who participates in the power of God, however when exercised it can be corrupted and loses the purpose for what is delivered. In this way, the bad exercise of power has repercussions for both the person and society, serious consequences, that is why it is necessary to take responsibility for each action. In this sense, the exercise of power is an essential task for life in society and at the same time, it is a possibility of building the Kingdom with eschatological scope. (shrink)

This article builds on the notion of legal tolerance and analyzes the scope of its definition. It situates the notion in the complex set of relations occurring between the major systems of society. Generally, legal tolerance, as a concept, is understood in light of the possibilities of the legal system of influencing other major systems? responses. On the other hand, tolerance is also the response of the legal system in respect to other major systems? communications. Although there is a common (...) understanding of tolerance as ?under punishing bias? in criminology or as political tolerance in political science, 1 the focus of this article is different. The central points here are, first, the analysis of legal tolerance as part of systemic communications and, second, the historicity of the transformations of the nation-state in its ability to cope with the growth of separate, distinct and partial systems of society. Tolerance seems relational and raises questions such as: ?How much can the legal system tolerate?? And also, ?Which societal topics belong to the social system's domain-matter?? These questions are relevant given that the concept of legal tolerance depends on the possibilities of a given system to steer, to direct or to influence other major systems? behavior, or to resist, respond or to address other systems, which are in its environment. The concept of legal tolerance requires an analysis of a cluster of related definitions to assess the implications of the concept. These definitions are the following: (1) The concepts that result from the historical process of structuration and that explain the emergence of social systems. (2) The definition of reflexivity and its relation with the ?second order cybernetics dilemma.? This is the place where heuristic and epistemological problems are found. Such problems result from both the problem of representation and from the ontological status of the real. This analysis will show why reflexivity is a key concept to explaining the transformations suffered by such systems. Then, legal tolerance is a newer development in respect to the idea of planning. As an alternative to hard planning, legal tolerance creates a fostering environment. Instead of a single system directing other systems, legal tolerance is relational and created collectively by the organizational national state using its (limited) power of legal creation. Legal tolerance also stems from the concerned subsystems of the society (economy, law, politics, science, along with others) by means of a variety of legislative products, public policies, alliances, and legal and other scientific communications that emerge as coordinating mechanisms among the alluded major subsystems. (shrink)

Cette étude, à partir du cas colombien, présente une théorie globale novatrice du trafic des drogues, qu'elle présente comme le symptôme de la situation générale de l'homme contemporain confronté aux problèmes de la mondialisation. Elle pose ainsi le problème du trafic des drogues comme la rencontre entre des subjectivités et les productions des grands systèmes économiques, politiques et juridiques, dans une perspective sociale et anthropologique critique.

Este trabalho examina a questão do olhar na obra de arte a partir da fenomenologia. Investiga, a princípio, os pressupostos que, desde Platão, tornaram a imagem um elemento filosófico por excelência. A abordagem se separa da filosofia platônica e da noção de olhar como epistême e leva a discussão para o âmbito da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, que pensa e compreende a realidade pelo olhar num duplo significado, que vê a si mesmo e também é visto por ele. A obra de (...) arte, nesse âmbito, não é apenas um objeto que revela algo a ser contemplado, mas entrevê e cria o próprio mundo no qual o homem ganha sentido. O artigo se divide em três tópicos: o primeiro trata brevemente da importância do olhar na mitologia grega; o segundo, expõe a concepção clássica do olhar na filosofia e o terceiro, discute a possibilidade de um olhar fenomenológico evocado pela arte. (shrink)

In the business ethics literature, the growing interest in social entrepreneurship has remained limited to the assumption that pursuing a social mission will clash against the pursuit of associated economic achievements. This ignores recent developments in the social entrepreneurship literature which show that social missions and economic achievement can also have a mutually constitutive relation. We address this gap adopting the notion of shared value for an ethical inquiry of social entrepreneurship. Using a sensemaking framework, we assume that the emergence (...) of SV propositions can be captured through the analysis of how social entrepreneurs make sense of events of change, selecting the journey of three exemplar cases for an inductive empirical inquiry. From our findings, we propose three themes for further examination. First, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV are mostly shaped by idiosyncratic imperatives that inform both social mission and economic gain from the onset. Second, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV will be likely operationalised as a filtering device, which allows for resilience as well as potentially detrimental blind spots. And third, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV are expressed through ongoing transparency. Whilst there are agendas, these are not necessarily hidden but instead are likely put on show for the scrutiny of markets and communities. We hope that this evidence can add more light to our still modest understanding of the ethical groundings of social entrepreneurship. (shrink)

O filósofo Platão dizia que o ser humano é a sua alma. A minha memória me traz que antes de conhecer pessoalmente a Profa. Dra. Zoraida Maria Lopes Feitosa, eu a conheci nos corredores da UFPI. Como uma deusa a descreviam. Isso me faz pensar em legado e é sobre o legado da mestra Zoraida que venho escrever aqui. Será um relato pessoal, mas que tenho certeza de que representa o olhar de muitos discentes que tiveram a honra de aprender (...) com a deusa da sabedoria. (shrink)

The romance customarily termed “classical” occupies a special place within Cambodian literature as a whole. The term betrays a certain Eurocentrism and is justified only because the written language of this type of text is neither the old Khmer of epigraphic inscriptions, nor modern Khmer, but the form of the language known as “middle Khmer,” which in theory designates the period from the fourteenth century through the end of the nineteenth century, and of which we have written records from the (...) eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in the romances as we know them. While these romances share one significant feature with Khmer literature as a whole, they are distinguished by other characteristics that are peculiar to them. (shrink)

The enthymeme is essential because it reflects what humans do when they think. It provides an effective pedagogical approach to the analysis and synthesis of ideas in the classroom. In this volume, such an approach is applied to various areas of content for the purpose of helping students prepare themselves for the challenges of modern life.

Recent developments in pattern analysis research have made this methodology suitable for the study of the processes that are set in motion in psychological interventions. Outcome research, based on the comparison between clinical results from treatment and control groups, has leveraged our empirical knowledge about the efficacy of psychological interventions. However, these methods of research are not precise enough for the analysis of these processes. On the contrary, pattern analysis could be a powerful tool to study moment-to-moment interactions typical of (...) psychological interventions. This is methodology is relevant because clinical psychology is experiencing a paradigm shift from a protocol for syndrome perspective to a principle-based and person-centered intervention. This evidence-based, theory-grounded, and process-oriented paradigm of clinical intervention needs new research methods to thrive. The analysis of the therapeutic relationship built into the verbal interaction between the clinician and the client is one of the cornerstones of this new era of research. So, the purpose of this article is three-fold: to discuss the role of the verbal interaction pattern analysis in the clinical context to the development of the principle-based clinical psychology, to analyze the patterns of verbal interaction in a clinical case, and to compare the results using two different methods. To reach these purposes, using the observational methodology, we have coded the verbal interaction of 16 clinical sessions with a person diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder. We have analyzed the data using sequential analysis and pattern recognition algorithms. We have been able to detect typical patterns during different phases of psychological intervention. Finally, the conceptual, methodological, and empirical implications of this study will be discussed within the realms of pattern analysis research and principle-based clinical psychology. (shrink)

Abductive problems and their solutions are presented by means of justification logic. We introduce additional meta-constructions in order to generate and compare different solutions to the same abductive problem. Our approach has three advantages: (i) it makes structurally explicit the solution to an abductive problem (as it has a syntactic nature); (ii) it gives a precise meaning to the notion of evidence; (iii) it provides clear definitions and procedures for the comparison of solutions that can be adapted to different needs.