This paper investigates the problem of reification in Moses Hess’s philosophy of action. My hypothesis is that his theoretical elaboration of this problem should be considered an important moment in the formation and metamorphosis of the concept of reification between Hegel and Marx. To show this, I review the developmental stages of Hess’s philosophy, paying close attention to the contextual problematization of how vital activity becomes objectifed, and attempt to determine what role the problem of reiifcation plays within his theorized (...) structure of action. In doing so, I show how the process of the reification of vital activity has a dual nature. Reifcation is, indeed, a necessary moment within action, but it is consistently subject to a tension between the possibility of producing concrete effects and the risk of losing the self in the object. (shrink)

Review of: Marino, Stefano, Terzi, Pietro, Kant’s “Critique of Aesthetic Judgment” in the 20 th Century. A Companion to Its Main Interpretations, Berlin/Boston, Walter De Gruyter, 2020, pp. 361, ISBN 978-3-11-059613-7.

Panentheism has seen a revival over the past two decades in the philosophical literature. This has partially triggered an interest in Indian models of God, which have traditionally been seen as panentheistic. On the other hand, panentheism has been often associated with panpsychism, an old ontological view that sees consciousness as fundamental and ubiquitous in the natural world and which has also enjoyed a renaissance in recent decades. Depending on where one places fundamentality (whether on the microlevel or on the (...) cosmic-level) there will be two types of panpsychism: micropsychism and cosmopsychism. Despite the apparently rich connection between Indian traditions and panpsychism, especially in its cosmopsychist version, recent work within cross-cultural analytic philosophy of mind seems to be mostly focused on atheistic traditions, such as Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism. My goal in this paper is to contribute to the cross-cultural debate over panentheism and Indian models of God, as well as to the debate on the connections between panpsychism, cosmopsychism and Indian traditions, by examining one of the most important and often quoted texts in Indian religious and philosophical traditions: the theistic Bhavagad Gītā. From a more specific standpoint, the paper has a threefold goal: to offer a panentheistic reconstruction of the Gītā’s concept of God, to show how this panentheistic model of God entails a form of theistic cosmopsychism, and to locate the Gītā’s cosmopsychism within a broader map of cosmopsychist views. Based on this reconstructive analysis of the Gītā’s cosmopsychism, I also outline some few reflections on the philosophical prospects of theistic cosmopsychism. (shrink)

Neste artigo, abordo algumas questões de ordem superior envolvendo o conceito de Deus que surgem dentro de um contexto pluralista: o problema da unidade conceitual, o problema da unicidade de extensão e o problema da homogeneidade/heterogeneidade. Minha proposta para resolver essas questões envolve uma teoria especial híbrida de conceitos, chamada de teoria de conceitos ideais. Argumento que, quando adicionada a uma visão pluralista de conceitos, e formalizada dentro de uma estrutura de mundos possíveis, tal teoria fornece uma resposta satisfatória a (...) esses problemas. A formalização é feita a partir de uma versão específica da Lógica Modal Quantificada Mais Simples (SQML, do inglês Simplest Quantified Modal Logic), e sua apresentação é exclusivamente semântica, mantendo detalhes técnicos a um nível mínimo. (shrink)

This paper introduces the special issue on the Concept of God of the Journal of Applied Logics (College Publications). The issue contains the following articles: Logic and the Concept of God, by Stanisław Krajewski and Ricardo Silvestre; Mathematical Models in Theology. A Buber-inspired Model of God and its Application to “Shema Israel”, by Stanisław Krajewski; Gödel’s God-like Essence, by Talia Leven; A Logical Solution to the Paradox of the Stone, by Héctor Hernández Ortiz and Victor Cantero; No New Solutions (...) to the Logical Problem of the Trinity, by Beau Branson; What Means ‘Tri-’ in ‘Trinity’ ? An Eastern Patristic Approach to the ‘Quasi-Ordinals’, by Basil Lourié; The Éminence Grise of Christology: Porphyry’s Logical Teaching as a Cornerstone of Argumentation in Christological Debates of the Fifth and Sixth Centruies, by Anna Zhyrkova; The Problem of Universals in Late Patristic Theology, by Dirk Krasmüller; Intuitionist Reasoning in the Tri-unitrian Theology of Nicolas of Cues, by Antonino Drago. (shrink)

This paper introduces the special issue on Logic and Religion of the journal Logica Universalis (Springer). The issue contains the following articles: Logic and Religion, by Jean-Yves Beziau and Ricardo Silvestre; Thinking Negation in Early Hinduism and Classical Indian Philosophy, by Purushottama Bilimoria; Karma Theory, Determinism, Fatalism and Freedom of Will, by Ricardo Sousa Silvestre; From Logic in Islam to Islamic Logic, by Musa Akrami; Leibniz’s Ontological Proof of the Existence of God and the Problem of Impossible Objects, (...) by Wolfgang Lenzen; A Logical Analysis of the Anselm’s Unum Argumentum (from Proslogion), by Jean-Pierre Desclés; Monotonic and Non-monotonic Embeddings of Anselm’s Proof, by Jacob Archambault; Computer-Assisted Analysis of the Anderson–Hájek Ontological Controversy, by C. Benzmüller, L. Weber and B. Woltzenlogel Paleo. (shrink)

The so-called theory of karma is one of the distinguishing aspects of Hinduism and other non-Hindu south-Asian traditions. At the same time that the theory can be seen as closely connected with the freedom of will and action that we humans supposedly have, it has many times been said to be determinist and fatalist. The purpose of this paper is to analyze in some deepness the relations that are between the theory of karma on one side and determinism, fatalism and (...) free-will on the other side. In order to do that, I shall use what has been described as the best formal approach we have to indeterminism: branching time theory. More specifically, I shall introduce a branching time semantic framework in which, among other things, statements such as “state of affairs e is a karmic effect of agent a”, “a wills it to be the case that e” and “e is inevitable” could be properly represented. (shrink)

La finalidad de este trabajo es mostrar las similitudes entre el proceder matemático, concretamente en la geometría, y la metodología desarrollada por Vico en la Scienza nuova ; pues, aunque los objetos de estudios sean distintos , los procedimientos para formar el objeto cognitivo son paralelos.The aim of this work is to show the similarities between mathematical method, concretely geometry, and Vico's methodology developed in the New Science. Even if the objects of study are so different , procedures to shape (...) the cognitive object are parallels. (shrink)

This article examines the Heideggerian interpretation of intentionality as documented in some university lessons related to Being and Time. In his interpretation, Heidegger determines the phenomenological sense of intentionality as the universal structure of the lived experiences and in terms of the mutual correspondence of intentio and intentum. He also understands the concept of intentum as related to "entity in itself", in the strict phenomenological sense that refers to an "entity in its mode of being intended". Besides, he offers indications (...) wich allow us to understand the connection of the phenomenological concept of intentum with the ontological question about the mode of being of entities and with the origin of the ontological difference. (shrink)

In this paper I try to answer four basic questions: (1) How the concept of God is to be represented? (2) Are there any logical principles governing it? (3) If so, what kind of logic lies behind them? (4) Can there be a logic of the concept of God? I address them by presenting a formal-logical account to the concept of God. I take it as a methodological desideratum that this should be done within the simplest existing logical formalism. I (...) start with first-order logic (FOL) with identity, and then show that its simplest modal extension (SQML, or the simplest quantified modal logic) is enough for us to formalize a minimally satisfactory theory of the concept of God. I focus exclusively on the monotheistic concept of God. (shrink)

O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar a arte como ferramenta para superação da violência a partir da fenomenologia da vida. Michel Henry mostra que a vida é Energia que se impõe como uma verdadeira força e se revela a si mesma. No entanto, nos perguntamos: Por que então existe a barbárie e a violência? Por que a violência se impõe com tanta força em todos os lugares e inclusive no ambiente escolar? Sustentaremos a tese de que a vida tem seus (...) poderes, mas ela precisa se manifestar como na arte, caso contrário, cairemos no obscurantismo. Por isso, iremos considerar que o caminho que nos leva para a manifestação da vida e a superação da violência só pode ser conduzido através da educação. (shrink)

El artículo examina un aspecto relevantede la interpretación heideggeriana deltiempo como temporeidad del Dasein: sudeterminación como horizonte trascendentalde la comprensión del ser en general. Sibien es cierto que Heidegger abandonael proyecto ontológico, diseñado en Sery tiempo, de una interpretación temporariadel sentido del ser, el artículo intentamostrar que, en textos posteriores, mantieney profundiza su concepción de latemporeidad como horizonte trascenden-tal de comprensión. Para ello, ofrece unareconstrucción de la noción de esquemahorizontal de los éxtasis tempóreos, a fin deaclarar en qué sentido el (...) tiempo constituyeel origen ontológico del ser-en-el-mundo como ámbito abierto demanifestación significativa.This article examines a eminent aspect ofthe Heideggerian interpretation of the timeas temporality of Dasein: its determinationas transcendental horizon of the comprehensionofBeingingeneral.InspiteofthefactthatHeidegger abandons the on Beingand Time designed ontological project ofa temporal interpretation of the meaningof Being, the article tries to show that inposterior texts maintains and deepenshis conception of the temporality as tran-scendental horizon of comprehension. Inorder to do so, it offers a reconstruction ofnotion horizontal schema of the temporalEcstases, in order to explain how the timeis the ontological origin of the being-inthe-world as open spacefor the sense apparition. (shrink)

La somatización se considera como uno de los más frecuentes y problemáticos fenómenos que encaran los médicos a nivel de atención primaria. Es un término genérico que incluye un amplio rango de fenómenos clínicos, una variedad de procesos que conducen al paciente a buscar ayuda médica por síntom..

In this article, I address some higher-order issues involving the concept of God that arise within a pluralistic context: the problem of conceptual unity, the problem of unicity of extension and the problem of homogeneity/heterogeneity. My proposal to solve these questions involves a special hybrid theory of concepts, called the theory of ideal concepts. I argue that when associated with a pluralistic vision of concepts, and formalized within a possible world structure, such theory provides a satisfactory answer to these problems. (...) The formalization is based on a specific version of the Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML), and its presentation is exclusively semantic, keeping technical details to a minimum. (shrink)

In this two-part paper we present paranormal modal logic: a modal logic which is both paraconsistent and paracomplete. Besides using a general framework in which a wide range of logics – including normal modal logics, paranormal modal logics and classical logic – can be defined and proving some key theorems about paranormal modal logic (including that it is inferentially equivalent to classical normal modal logic), we also provide a philosophical justification for the view that paranormal modal logic is a formalization (...) of the notions of skeptical and credulous plausibility. (shrink)

In this chapter, Ricardo Silvestre and Alan Herbert offer a reconstruction of the Gītā’s concept of God with a focus on the relationship between God and the world. They try to explain the claim that the Gītā is panentheistic. This is done with the help of some key notions of contemporary metaphysics (such as ontological dependence and fundamentality) along with the Indic notion of prakṛti, considered as a metaphysical primitive denoting the intimate relationship that exists between matter and conscious (...) living beings on the one hand, and God on the other. (shrink)

In this two-parts paper we present paranormal modal logic: a modal logic which is both paraconsistent and paracomplete. Besides using a general framework in which a wide range of logics  including normal modal logics, paranormal modal logics and classical logic can be defined and proving some key theorems about paranormal modal logic (including that it is inferentially equivalent to classical normal modal logic), we also provide a philosophical justification for the view that paranormal modal logic is a formalization of (...) the notions of skeptical and credulous plausibility. (shrink)

The traditional perspective on emotions assumes an unassailable dualism between emotions and reason. For common sense, including legal common sense, emotions are always dangerous and have nothing to do with rational decision-making. Nonetheless, the Aristotelian perspective regarding the relationship between emotions and reason is extremely enlightening. The relationship between emotions and law has been studied by a large range of scholars from different legal movements and with diverse objectives. This chapter is based on three theoretical pillars: Aristotle’s theory of emotions (...) as elaborated in Rhetoric and Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle’s view on the close relationship between reason, emotions and phronesis as elaborated in the Nicomachean Ethics, and a specific contemporary view: Jurisprudentialism. We assert that through a Jurisprudentialist analysis of Law as an open task and through Aristotle’s account of emotions, the challenges of legal education could be more realistically reassessed. (shrink)

O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de fazer algumas considerações teoréticas sobre o aspecto inferencial da Lógica dos Diálogos Inteligentes dentro do quadro conceitual fornecido pelas lógicas do senso comum desenvolvidas dentro da Inteligência Artificial. Mais especificamente, tentarei mostrar aqui que, para bem cumprir o seu papel, a LDI deve possuir uma maneira de representar as inferências não-monotônicas. Como argumento principal, defenderei a tese de que a não-monotonicidade é uma característica intrínseca à compreensão e uso da linguagem. O principal (...) fenômeno relacionado com a linguagem natural utilizado como evidência para essa tese será o fenômeno do uso não literal da linguagem. (shrink)

La perspectiva de los futuros periodistas sobre la profesión es importante para una evaluación crítica de la forma en que la academia, en sus cursos de comunicación/ periodismo, los prepara.Los resultados de una encuesta a estudiantes de pregrado y maestría en comunicación/periodismo, de 11 instituciones de educación superior portuguesas, apuntan a un desajuste entre las percepciones sobre el periodismo actual y las expectativas futuras, lo que nos llevó a reflexionar sobre el papel de las instituciones educativas, que parecen más como (...) promotores de una visión crítica del periodismo, que promotores de actitudes proactivas en la búsqueda de respuestas a los diversos desafíos identificados por los estudiantes. (shrink)

Reseña del libro La objetividad científica y sus contextos. Traducción de Gabriela Domínguez Cárdenas, revisada por el autor. Fondo de Cultura Económica-Universidad Panamericana. México, 2019; 1 vol., 526 páginas.

While the failure of the so-called classical theory of concepts - according to which definitions are the proper way to characterize concepts - is a consensus, metaphysical philosophy of religion still deals with the concept of God in a predominantly definitional way. It thus seems fair to ask: Does this failure imply that a definitional characterization of the concept of God is equally untenable? The first purpose of this paper is to answer this question. I focus on the representational side (...) of the matter. My goal is to analyze the extent to which the most important problems raised against the classical view of concepts affect a definitional-representational approach to the concept of God. The second purpose of the paper is to deepen into these issues, arguing for a pluralistic view of concepts and outlining a hybrid special theory of concepts, called the theory of ideal concepts. The theory is special because it deals with a special sort of concepts that I call ideal concepts; it is hybrid because, in addition to definitions, it uses another structure in the characterization of concepts: ideals. My goal is to argue that when applied to the concept of God and added to a pluralistic view of concepts, this theory can function as a tenable representational theory of the concept of God. (shrink)

In this paper I present a formalization of the theory of ideal concepts applied to the concept of God. It is done within a version of the Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML) and attempts to solve three meta-problems related to the concept of God: the unicity of extension problem, the homogeneity/heterogeneity problem and the problem of conceptual unity.

This paper introduces the special issue on Formal Approaches to the Ontological Argument of the Journal of Applied Logics (College Publications). The issue contains the following articles: Formal Approaches to the Ontological Argument, by Ricardo Sousa Silvestre and Jean-Yves Béziau; A Brief Critical Introduction to the Ontological Argument and its Formalization: Anselm, Gaunilo, Descartes, Leibniz and Kant, by Ricardo Sousa Silvestre; A Mechanically Assisted Examination of Begging the Question in Anselm’s Ontological Argument, by John Rushby; A Tractarian Resolution (...) to the Ontological Argument, by Erik Thomsen; On Kant’s Hidden Ambivalence Toward Existential Generalization in his Critique of the Ontological Argument, by Giovanni Mion; The Totality of Predicates and the Possibility of the Most Real Being, by Srećko Kovač; An Even More Leibnizian Version of Gödel’s Ontological Argument, by Kordula Świętorzecka and Marcin Łyczak; A Case Study On Computational Hermeneutics: E. J. Lowe’s Modal Ontological Argument, by David Fuenmayor. (shrink)

This paper introduces a special issue on logic and philosophy of religion in this journal. After discussing the role played by logic in the philosophy of religion along with classical developments, we present the basic motivation for this special issue accompanied by an exposition of its content.

The so-called theory of karma is one of the distinguishing aspects of Hinduism and other non-Hindu south-Asian traditions. At the same time that the theory can be seen as closely connected with the freedom of will and action that we humans supposedly have, it has many times been said to be determinist and fatalist. The purpose of this paper is to analyze in some deepness the relations that are between the theory of karma on one side and determinism, fatalism and (...) free-will on the other side. In order to do that, I shall use what has been described as the best formal approach we have to indeterminism: branching time theory. More specifically, I shall introduce a branching time semantic framework in which, among other things, statements such as “state of affairs e is a karmic effect of agent a”, “a wills it to be the case that e” and “e is inevitable” could be properly represented. (shrink)

My purpose in this paper is to clarify or explicate the concept of theodicy. More specifically, I shall provide an account of the concept that takes its logical aspects seriously into consideration as well as satisfies the basic intuitions philosophers of religions have had about it. This shall be done by systematically analysing the several theodical conditions found in the literature. As it shall be seen, these conditions are logically related to one another; collectively, they point not to one, but (...) to several concepts of theodicy. Thus, as by-product of this explicatory endeavour, I shall provide a logically guided, I may say, analysis of such conditions as well as a systematization of the theodical concepts arising from them. I shall follow what might be termed a semiformal approach; despite not developing a full logical theory, I use the standard notation and some important results from the field of formal logic. (shrink)