У статті аналізуються погляди ідеального державного устрою, яку розв’язували філософи античності. Вперше ця проблема була поставлена софістами, одні з яких вважали, що приписи законів є довільними (штучними), тоді як веління ж природи є необхідними, а інша група софістів робила висновок, що потрібно встановлювати такі закони, які відповідають користі людей, а саме – взаємній справедливості та іншим чеснотам. В творах Платона проблема співвідношення особистості й суспільства вирішується на користь суспільства, що є характерним для ідеалів традиційного суспільства. На противагу Платону Аристотель не (...) мислить ідеальне суспільство без приватної власності. З поглибленням і загостренням державної кризи вектор вирішення питання про суспільний ідеал повертався від пріоритету державності до людини, тобто до пріоритету особистісних свобод, інтересів і потреб. У формуванні елліністичного світогляду певну роль відіграла і та обставина, що ідеали Платона й Аристотеля залишилися нереалізованими на практиці. Показано, що вирішення питання про ідеальну соціальну організацію залежало від тих історичних умов і соціально-моральних позицій, в яких знаходився той чи інший автор. (shrink)

The rural general, work, polytechnic school holds a prominent place in the life of the modern socialist village. As one of the sources from which collective and state farms get trained personnel, equipment operators, for example, the rural school is meant to train a comprehensively developed younger generation capable of creatively applying to its work the latest achievements of science, engineering, and progressive technology and of presenting models of a communist attitude toward work.

Varieties of modern philosophies of mathematical and natural sciences are represented. Specific features of those sciences are analyzed on the basis of graph classifications of the respective philosophies. The importance of reconstructions of practical theories is emphasized for all kinds of philosophies of science used by them. The first part outlines the purpose of the article and considers subject and theoretical, the se- cond — evaluative, nominal, theoretical-reconstructive and linguistic-reconstructive classifica- tions of philosophies of science. The conclusions are made about (...) the problematic application of these classifications to the philosophies of social sciences and humanities. (shrink)

The publication, based on the developments of various fields of scientific knowledge (history, archaeology, ethnography, religious studies, philosophy), considers one of the alternative approaches to the reconstruction of elements of the sacred world of the ancient Trypillians. This approach, which is based on the interpretation of archaeological findings, expands the possibilities of classical reconstruction. Comparative analysis of ethnographic materials, philosophical analysis of archetypes with contextual consideration of patterns of developing and transforming the religious phenomenon are added. The author proves the (...) existence of historical parallels and connections between certain elements of the religious beliefs of the ancient Trypillians and the preserved manifestations of the ethnocultural tradition of the Ukrainians on the example of the archetype “Home”. This is the reason for asserting the continuity of the Ukrainian spiritual and cultural tradition. The foundations of this tradition were laid during the existence of the Trypillian proto-civilization. (shrink)

The present paper addresses the issue of determining the best international practices for developing soft skills among students of different specialties through carrying out a theoretical review. Basing on literature on present-day theory the authors make an attempt to explain soft skills dichotomies, summarize existing approaches to classifying soft skills, consolidate and document best international practices for soft skills development among potential employees of different specialties including bachelor students, master students, doctoral and postdoctoral students. The data obtained in the theoretical (...) analysis reveal that the possible ambiguities in the interpretation of the concept of “soft skills” are caused, on the one hand, by the dichotomic perception of their nature by present-day researchers and educators and, on the other hand, by the absence of the common language which makes it difficult to provide a more unified definition most satisfactory to all concerned. The authors are convinced that soft skills have a cross-cutting nature and regard them as personal and interpersonal meta-qualities and meta-abilities that are vital to any potential employee who is going to make positive contributions not only to his/her professional development but to the development of a company he/she is going to work for. The results of the conducted theoretical review clearly indicate that the absence of the unified understanding of the concept of “soft skills” is reflected in the existence of different approaches to classifying soft skills, let alone, the selection of didactic tools for developing soft skills among potential employees. (shrink)

У статті досліджуються концептуальні підходи до проблеми політичного лідерства видатними мислителями минулого та їх вплив на сучасні розвідки зазначеного феномену. Піддано аналізу особливості становлення феномену лідерства в інформаційному суспільстві як чинника поступального розвитку людства.

The article provides an analysis of the “Spanish code” inscribed in the text of Lesia Ukrainka’s drama Kaminnyi hospodar. The constituents of the code include: 1) conventions of 17th century Spanish baroque drama, in particular, use of the dialectics of the concepts of dignity and reputation as a driving mechanism for confl ict throughout Lesia Ukrainka’s play and transformation within the classical scheme of characters suggested by Lope de Vega and his followers; 2) stereotypes of “Spanishness” through which the playwright (...) produced a heteroimage of Spain. Lesia Ukrainka’s variant of the famous legend of Don Juan is a sophisticated modernist drama. The “Spanish code” serves as a prism through which the playwright examines the world. Lesia Ukrainka created an astonishing modernist tragicomedy of dishonesty, full of the spirit of uncertainty. (shrink)

2012 is 50 years since the beginning of the Second Vatican Council, which gave impetus to the processes of renewal of church life that would meet the needs of the present. Church councils throughout the years of existence of the Christian Church solved the questions of the truth of faith, the organization of church life. The twentieth century has become the age of globalization, epochal discoveries in the natural sciences, the exacerbation of environmental problems, the moral crisis of human society (...) has become threatening scales. The fruits of the collective labor of the cathedral fathers - 4 constitutions, 9 decrees, 3 declarations - were supposed to answer the challenges of time, to explain church doctrine in the new realities of the present. (shrink)

У статті соціальна відповідальність, згідно з концепцією автора, досліджена як сутнісна ознака соціального буття. Соціальна відповідальність постає діалектичною єдністю протилежностей - свободи і необхідності, мірою свободи і мірою необхідності, вимогам якої повинні підпорядковуватися всі суб'єкти суспільних відносин як вимогам історичної необхідності, як вимогам-законам. Відповідальні зв'язки та залежності соціальної самоорганізації мають усезагальний характер та утворюють структуру суспільства по вертикалі і по горизонталі. Як усезагальний соціальний інтегратор суспільного буття соціальну відповідальність можна ідентифікувати як усезагальний соціальний принцип. Принцип соціальної відповідальності, підсистемні принципи, закони (...) і норми є діалектичною єдністю всезагального, особливого та одиничного. Обґрунтована ідея про те, що зростання соціальної відповідальності є основним соціологічним законом. Історія людства представлена як еволюційні зміни форм соціальної відповідальності. (shrink)

The article «The gene of agricultural grain-growing civilization of the modern Ukrainian territory as a marker of religious beliefs» by О. Zavalii. The issue of the origins of the agricultural culture of the territory of modern Ukraine is considered in the article, based on the analysis of the leading foreign and domestic scientists’ research. The culture served as the source of religious beliefs based on the Natural worldview which was predetermined by the geographical living conditions.

The paper analyzes a book written by Volodymyr Yarymovych, Oleksandr Bilyk, and Mykola Volynskyi, entitled Narys istorii ukrainskoi studentskoi hromady ta Ukrainskykh poselen v Espanii 1946–1996 (An Overview of the History of the Ukrainian Student Community and Ukrainian Settlements in Spain, 1946–1996), which tells about the Ukrainian students who arrived in Madrid in 1946 and formed part of the early Ukrainian Diaspora in Spain. The book proves to be an important source of information, previously unknown to scholars, which describes (...) the dramatic and controversial process of constructing Ukrainian identity in the aftermath of World War II. The authors of the study consider the historical and cultural context of the Ukrainian emigration in the second half of the 20th century, its connection with Francoist ideology, and its integral role in the Spanish-Ukrainian cultural dialogue. (shrink)

Since the mid-90’s the figure of Peter Lombard and his Book of Sentences has regained the importance in scholarly world and been studied from both historical-theological and historical-philosophical perspectives. But some aspects of his thinking, encapsulated in the written form, which was to become the material basis for the thirteenth- through the fifteenth-century theological projects, remained somewhat insufficiently researched. Therefore this article analyzes the select parts of the Book of Sentences with the purpose of looking at how Peter Lombard handled (...) the issue of God’s knowledge. The article shows that for Peter Lombard God’s knowledge is God’s awareness of everything knowable. It has no causal power which belongs to the divine will. Nevertheless, this knowledge is able to function in two different modes: it can be either a purely cognitive act as awareness alone, or a double cognitive and voluntary act as awareness and simultaneous volition in the form of approbation. Hence, God’s knowledge in general is not causative, but God’s knowledge of the good must be causative because he simultaneously knows and wills what is good. The article reasonably suggests that Lombard’s logic implies the compatibility of God’s (fore)knowledge and voluntary activity, on the one hand, and the contingency of the created order and the rational creatures’ free will, on the other hand. But the details of this conception remain unrevealed as Lombard’s presentation of the problem is to be declared underdeveloped. (shrink)

Опинившись на початку ХХІ століття у світовій глобальній кризі, яку політичні системи сучасності вирішити не здатні, у політичній філософії знову стало актуальним питання щодо того, якою насправді має бути політика. Усе виглядає так, що в конкуренції політичних систем модерну переможців немає, а лібералізм повторює історію своїх попередників. З іншого боку, одним із цікавих наслідків цих подій є зростання інтересу до політики античності, де власне і відбулася генеза вчення про державу і політику, а це, в свою чергу, приводить до відродження ідей (...) неоарістотелізму (неоплатонізму) у політичній філософії. Як наслідок, філософсько-політична спадщина Платона природньо потрапляє у фокус дискусій, а сам Платон стає однією з центральних її фігур. Кожна зі сторін дискусії апелює до Платона, намагаючись “скористатись” його спадщиною у власних цілях. З цієї причини, у Платона є як безліч послідовників, так і значна кількість критиків, голоси яких вже у ХХ столітті почали звучати все голосніше, серед яких найбільшу популярність набув Карл Поппер. Завданням цієї роботи є спроба проведення аналізу критики Поппером Платона, яку він переважно виклав у своїй книзі “Відкрите суспільство та його вороги”, а також представити альтернативну точку зору “захисників” Платона з подальшим порівнянням думок та підходів обох сторін з метою розкриття окремих елементів сучасного політичного неоарістотелізму та розуміння важливості платоново-арістотелівського підходу до політики у ХХI столітті. В цілому, думка Поппера стосовно “Держави” Платона багато в чому виявилась помилковою, а детальний аналіз цих помилок розкриває проблеми лібералізму. З іншого боку, проявляється політичне вчення античності в його новому розумінні. Сьогодні воно опосередковане знаннями всієї подальшої за античністю історією філософії та політичною практикою (пост)модерну, а розкриття окремих елементів цього вчення і є найважливішим результатом цієї роботи. (shrink)

As a taste for food, salt symbolizes hospitality; but as an antiseptic it means durability, stability, purity. That is why the symbol of salt in the aforementioned words of Jesus Christ is that the influence of a true Christian on the world, which should be a healing, purifying influence, is always prone to preserving what is good from the harmful elements of spoilage and decay. It should also be noted here that the word "corruption" in Latin translates as "corruption", so (...) for our present we do not need to explain the importance of the purifying effect of "salt" not only on personal but also on social sin degradation. (shrink)

Basic principles of development and introduction of corporate management informations are considered on domestic enterprises. Problem questions which arise up at introduction of the informative system are resulted. It is indicated on the lacks of domestic programmatic complexes by comparison to foreign decisions.

У статті досліджується роль національної ідентичності та самоідентичності у становленні та розвитку екзистенціалізму як провідної філософської течії ХХ ст. Розглядаються філософські аспекти процесів європейського націотворення у ХХ ст., зокрема, філософування М. Гайдеггера як спроба творення новітнього німецького екзистенційного націоналізму, що міг би стати духовною альтернативою нацистській ідеології, у його тісному світоглядному переплетінні з екзистенційною філософією, породженою французьким Рухом Опору.

Сьогодні у західних країнах стрімко зростає популярність поняття «нерелігійна духовність». За його допомогою ідентифікують свій світогляд люди, для яких є однаково неприйнятними як релігійні світогляди домодерну, так і раціональні світогляди модерну. Та, незважаючи на свою популярність, це поняття є метафоричним та невизначеним. У статті на основі теоретичних напрацювань мислителів такої течії філософської думки, як інтегральний підхід, експліковано поняття «нерелігійна духовність». Проведено історичний аналіз європейської філософії з метою виділити «духовну, але не релігійну» лінію розвитку філософської думки. На окремих прикладах розглянуто вплив (...) учених з «духовним, але не релігійним» світоглядом на еволюцію наукового знання. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to discover, present and analyze the key ideas of Anselm of Canterbury concerning the notions of knowledge, will and mode of divine-human relations in the context of this “knowledge-will” framework which is important due to (a) somewhat insufficient attention to the medieval insights on the issue and (b) the peculiarity that Anselm’s intuitions have. More specifically, the object of the given paper is Anselmian understanding of relations between God’s foreknowledge and will, on the one (...) side, and human free will, on the other side, as it is presented in the work entitled De Concordia. In this treatise Anselm of Canterbury partially uses and further elaborates some ideas of Augustine and Boethius, while integrating, updating and synthesizing them in a creative manner, and partially develops a number of thoughts of his own. As a result, there is a set of the well-formulated and comprehensive theses concerning (i) different types of (metaphysical) necessity, (ii) a proper definition of freedom of choice and will, (iii) the nature of will per se, and, finally, (iv) unique relation of “simultaneity” that exists between God’s knowledge, God’s will and the creature’s rational will. These ideas are presented and explicated in the article along with detailed exposition and analytical examination of the main line of argumentation found in the De Concordia. (shrink)

Previous research showed that sensorimotor information affects the perception of properties associated with implied perceptual context during language comprehension. Three experiments addressed a novel question of whether perceptual context may contribute to a simulation of information about such out‐of‐sight objects as cast shadows. In Experiment 1, participants read a sentence that implied a particular shadow cast on a target (blinds vs. an open window) and then verified the picture of the object onto which a shadow was cast. Responses were faster (...) when the shadow of blinds cast on the object matched that implied by the sentence. However, the data did not show the same matching effect for pictures with cast shadows from an open window. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that verification times for pictures with no cast shadows were faster when preceded by an “open window” sentence, thus suggesting that reading the sentence does not elicit a visual simulation of any specific shadow. Experiment 3 showed that the objects superimposed with a cast shadow of the blinds and blinds themselves were verified faster after reading a “blinds” sentence. However, the results of an order analysis showed the temporal stability of the “blinds shadows” effect, but the disappearance of the “blinds” effect in the second half of the data. We conclude that the results are compatible, to a lesser or greater extent, with multiple accounts, and discuss our findings in the context of a mental imagery view, a mental simulation view, and an amodal representation view. (shrink)

The global Peter Lombard research reinaugurated in 1990s has resulted in a number of recent publications, but the Master of the Sentences’ theology proper is partially underresearched. In particular, a more detailed exposition of the distinctions 35-41 of his Book of Sentences is needed in order to clarify his doctrine of God’s knowledge and its relation to the human free will. The article builds on the earlier established evidence that, for Peter Lombard in distinctions 35-38, God’s knowledge, in general, is (...) not causative, although some causative power has to be ascribed to God’s knowledge of the good. The last part of distinction 38 and the content of distinction 39 further analyze the capacities and functionalities of the divine omniscience and explain how it interacts with acts of human will. The key question here deals with the problem of alternative states of affairs: whether something may be otherwise than God foreknew. As it is shown, Master Peter agrees that it is possible for created things and events to be otherwise than they are, but insists that God’s knowledge must be in any case exhaustive and infallible. He uses a number of logical tools to defend the thesis about God’s perfect knowledge and the possibility of things happening otherwise, but lacks a strict definition of the notion of “possibility” used here. The study concludes that in few cases Lombard’s posse could mean a potency or a simple logical possibility, or the diachronic contingency, but the overall theological statement is clear: potentially, God’s knowledge can be different or include alternative state of affairs but it cannot change. (shrink)

Some concepts of collective action have been examined. It is found that collective action is formed as a result of interaction of individuals within the group, collective etc. Such social environment in which collective action appears, is the educational process, which aims to provide protection, safety and educational needs of direct interaction between the preschool children and children of younger school age. The forms of work: group and collective, have been analyzed. It is found that acting in a group or (...) team, the participants of educational process gather around the common goal, collective action, that occurs, becomes the value in the process of achieving this goal. That is, it encourages the collective, group to act in the given direction. This action is accompanied by the interaction, due to which raises the phenomenology of collective, above- and beyond the individual. It is based on the formation in the mind of each individual subject of communication the subjective model of the content and the process of interaction, which seems to be shared with other participants (the subject feels as if its co-author) and the presence of which can be displayed in the form of a general image of the subject of interaction that occurs in interpersonal space and fills it. (shrink)

У статті представлені глобальні тренди розвитку цифрових інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у рамках концепції "Індустрія-4.0" та шляхи їх імплементації в практику державного управління та регулювання. Проаналізовані сучасні проблеми моніторингу енергетичних потоків та формування енергетичного балансу національного господарства. Обґрунтовані напрями вдосконалення інституційного та організаційно-методологічного забезпечення моніторингу енергетичних потоків держави на базі сучасних цифрових технологій.

The global Peter Lombard research continues, but the Master of the Sentences’ theology proper is still to be analyzed in detail. In particular, a more thorough exposition of the distinctions 45-48 of his Book of Sentences, which deal with the notion of God’s will and its relation to the human free will, has for some while remained a desideratum. The given article partly fills this lacuna and elucidates on the doctrine of the divine will as presented by the Lombard. The (...) doctrine ofvoluntas divina has to be put into the «Trinitarian essentialist» model, according to which the Triunity of God means that all three Persons of the Godhead share one simple essence. This essence has no parts, and therefore such things as knowledge, wisdom, or will are actually one and the same thing in God: they are one essence. Therefore God’s will is first of all God himself as willing. Any theological proposition which uses the verb «to will» intransitively is a statement of God’s essence qua willing. Yet, God’s nature is differently manifested in his outward actions which allow a theologian to speak of some distinct and distinguishable properties or aspects of this nature as it relates to what is outside the Godhead. Therefore a theological proposition which uses the verb «to will» transitively and adds an object of willing means a statement of the divine will as an outward act. In this case, God’s will should not be identified with God’s essence nor the objects or outcomes of this willing. In particular, it is shown that for him there exist two ways of speaking about God’s will: «simply and absolutely» and «not simply and absolutely» which may be identified with intransitive and transitive use of the verb «to will,» respectively. The will is primarily understood in terms of execution of one’s will (active willing) but its relation to one’s desires and inclinations (wanting) are downplayed or altogether omitted from the Lombardian doctrine of God. The divine will is by definition free and efficient but Lombard highlights that there is place for human free will, too. His explanation of the relationship between the divine and the human wills seems somewhat unconvincing but the unfolding of his theory on the basis of a few biblical texts should be acknowledged a peculiar theological exercise. (shrink)

The improvement of modern computer technology to achieve fundamentally new indicators can be carried out on the basis of various approaches. One of such approaches is the application of methods of physical informatics. Therefore, this paper considers the support of ensuring “digital immortality” based on physical computer science methods. On the basis of Wiener random processes, measures are proposed to ensure the security of computer nodes to ensure “digital immortality”. The calculated ratios from physical informatics adapted to determine the requirements (...) for the design of information systems to ensure the digitalization of the brain are given. (shrink)

An effective mechanism of personnel production behavior management in the system of enterprise's management to ensure the high performance indexes and enterprise's goals achievement is developed. The results obtained on the basic of: structural and logical analysis - to construct the general logic of staff's production behavior model; method of generalization - to develop the classification of employees' motivation and potential factors; methods of analysis and synthesis - to determine the ratio of factors of potential and motivation factors in the (...) employees' production behavior management. The implemented classification of motivate factors and of the potential as well as developed model of staff's production behavior management allows to determine the dependents between those variables and to propose the practical managerial tools that ensures attainment of company's goals. Based on the proposed model within further research it is advisable to develop a mechanism that takes into account the specific quantitative parameters of the components of the production behavior and is built on using identified at this stage dependencies. The model can be used in the formation of an effective personnel policy that will ensure the achievement of social and economic goals of the company. Implementation of the developed model in practice highlights the social responsibility of the enterprise, shifts the emphasis from a purely economic governance towards better integration of existing needs of employees. (shrink)

У статті підіймається проблема співвідношення системного та інтегрального підходів до дослідження складних систем. Актуальність досліджуваної проблеми зумовлена тим, що повноцінно зрозуміти феномен складності без системного підходу неможливо. Водночас, системний підхід лишає поза увагою будь-які психологічні та культурологічні фактори. Із метою осмислення піднятої проблематики було експліковано поняття складності, системного підходу та інтегрального підходу. У процесі здійснення філософського аналізу даної проблеми було осмислено феномен редукціонізму, виокремлено фізичний та системний типи редукціонізму. У результаті порівняльного аналізу системного та інтегрального підходів до дослідження складних систем (...) було виявлено, що інтегральний підхід за визначенням включає в себе системний підхід, долаючи не лише фізичний, а й системний редукціонізм. (shrink)

This research article is devoted to the research of philosophical terms of the famous Kyivan Rus’ artifact on translation of the 11th century – “Miscellany of 1073”. Scientists studied this subject in the past. However, they were focused on logical terminology, reflected in the famous fragment of “Miscellany”, which was called “philosophical treatise”. The author of this research article, unlike other scientists, has researched a part of the text “Joseph on the Maccabees”. It is no less important for clarifying the (...) peculiarities of the philosophical terms use than the already mentioned “philosophical treatise”. The chapter “Joseph on the Maccabees” in “Miscellany” is a translation of fragments of the 4 Maccabees from Greek into Old Church Slavonic, which raises the issue – how passions can be guided by reflection. This well-known apocrypha is quite saturated with receptions of classical Greek philosophy, primarily Platonism, Aristotelianism and Stoicism. It is also extremely valuable as an illustration of the complex process of the translator’s selection of ancient Slavic equivalents of Greek philosophical terms related to the philosophy of knowledge and ethics. Some of them were subsequently established in our philosophical language. In particular, the features of translation of such Greek words as “λογισμὸς”, “νοῦς”, “λόγου”, “σοφία” reflected in “Miscellany” into Old Church Slavonic have been analyzed, and the possibility of Old Church Slavonic terms translation into modern Ukrainian has also been considered. The result of the study is recognition of the need to raise the issue of modern Ukrainian philosophical terms ability to reproduce ancient Greek or even ancient Slavic terms associated with philosophy of knowledge in the process of translation. In particular, when dealing with “Miscellany”, it becomes clear that it is wrongful to reflect all cognitive processes and psychic instances with the concept “mind” in the modern terminological scheme. When dealing with old handwritten material in Old Church Slavonic, in particular “Miscellany of 1073”, it is necessary to define and distinguish the concepts of “reflection”, “mind”, “intellect”, “wisdom”, since they had specific meaning generated by attempt to translate them from Greek. (shrink)

Review of Smith, P. (2022). Sextus Empiricus’ Neo-Pyrrhonism: Skepticism as a Rationally Ordered Experience. Cham: Springer.

The article deals with the analysis of the religious component in the manifestations of ritual plastic arts of the Trypillia ethno-cultural community. The author brings into consideration one of the “visiting cards” of the Trypillia civilization—“binocular” (biconical) ceramic plastic arts, which became one of the most characteristic visual markers of the culture.

Статтю присвячено формуванню ґрунтовної альтернативи просвітницьким та позитивістським стереотипам стосовно історичного та антропологічного статусу міфу. З цією метою розглянуто низку показових сюжетів з історії філософської думки ХІХ – ХХ ст., що дають змогу поглянути на міф як на невід’ємну частину людської розумності. Автор припускає, що реабілітація міфу є частиною загального інклюзивного процесу, що триває у філософії новітніх часів і передбачає істотне розширення меж того, що можна вважати розумним. Базу дослідження склали ідеї таких впливових мислителів та дослідників міфу, як Фридрих Шеллінґ, (...) Макс Мюллер, Ернст Кассирер, Сьюзен Ланґер та Ганс Блюменберґ. Продемонстровано важливість лінгвістичного повороту у дослідженні міфу, здійсненого М. Мюллером, і показано, що його ідея про міф як «хворобу мови» має глибокі перетини із переосмисленням суті та призначення філософії, ініційованим Людвіґом Вітґенштайном та представниками Віденського кола. Показано, що запроваджене Е. Кассирером та його послідовницею С. Ланґер доповнення лінгвістичного виміру антропологічним і розгляд міфу як самодостатньої символічної форми веде до відмови від протиставлення міфологічного та раціонального мислення та сприяє розумінню тісного зв’язку між міфом і мовою. Незважаючи на те, що Е. Кассирер будував свою філософію символічних форм, у цілому залишаючись у межах традиції трансцендентального ідеалізму, а С. Ланґер ідеалізм відкидає, у питанні щодо міфу вони доходять схожих висновків. Із опорою на праці Г. Блюменберґа та інших дослідників продемонстровано, що реабілітація міфу і включення його у межі раціонального тісно пов’язані реабілітацією метафори як іншої форми недискурсивного виразу. Показано, що визнання міфу як неусувної частини світосприйняття сприяє глибшому розумінню природи людського мислення. (shrink)

B a c k g r o u n d. Genre-wise the article is a form of publication of analytical conclusions resulting from researching religious symbolism within the movie. The material for interpretation was derived from mass media, in particular cinematography. The article describes religious symbolism within the movie "Barbie" (2023). It is made apparent that the wide array of religious symbols in modern cinema requires a new approach. M e t h o d s. Issues with defining religious symbolism (...) in cinema have inspired a search of appropriate methods and research methodology. The article utilizes analytical approach based on religious symbolism found in the artistic source material – in this case a movie. R e s u l t s. With that considered the goal of the scientific research was to track down instances of religious symbolism in "Barbie" movie; such was confirmed to be abundant within otherwise mundane work. Barbieland symbolises paradise withiin the movie's fictional universe: it's a perfect place with no diseases or suffering, populated by perfect people ignorant of sorrow, problems, and worries. Naturally, the exile from paradise is a theme that is also predent. C o n c l u s i o n s. Brief research concludes that the "Barbie" movie features disguised religious symbolism – a common trope for many works within modern cinema. (shrink)

The last thirty years of scholarship in western medieval philosophical historiography have seen a number of reflections on the methodological paradigms, schools, trends, and dominant approaches in the field. As a contribution to this ongoing assessment of the existing methods of studies in medieval philosophy and theology and a supplement to classifications offered by M. Colish, J. Inglis, C. König-Pralong, J. Marenbon, A. de Libera, and others, the article offers another explanatory tool. Here is a description of an imaginary system (...) of methodological coordinates that systematizes the current tendencies by placing them in a three-dimensional system of axes. Every axis corresponds to a certain aspect of the historical and systematic research in medieval thought and symbolizes a possible movement between two extremes representing opposite methodological values and directions. The methods and approaches practiced in recent studies in medieval philosophy and theology might be schematically located inside this general system of argumentational, focal (or objectival), and (con)textual axes with their intersection identified with what some scholars call the “integral” model of study. This explanatory tool allows one to see how current approaches and methods form a panoply of axes that belong together in one complex grid and helps to visualize the tapestry of existing approaches in medieval philosophical historiography. (shrink)

The article treats the doctrine of transubstantiation or the Eucharistic change as formulated by Thomas Aquinas in his Summa theologiae, Question 75, against its double conceptual (Christian religious vs. Aristotelian philosophical), as well as double linguistic (Latin vs. translated Greek), background. The doctrine is presented and analyzed as a philosophical-theological theory that can be explicated and assessed using the concept of philosophical untranslatable(s), recently discovered and brought to the fore by the proponents of the “translational turn” in continental philosophy. It (...) is argued on the basis of careful study of Aquinas’ text that the notion of transubstantiation should be identified as a conceptual untranslatable. -/- Here the term “untranslatable” means a unique reinterpretation of Aristotelian language of being and change, which results in a conceptual innovation that has some inherent problems as well as creative and promising inventions. The usage of such a concept is justified by the fact that the reconceptualization that Aquinas did to a number of Peripatetic ideas creates a few untranslatable notions, which do not have much meaning outside the peculiarly Thomistic Latin vocabulary. Despite some criticisms they are not necessarily to be regarded as contradictions, but rather as thomistic untranslatables. (shrink)

Until recently, the name of Metropolitan Alexy was mentioned by researchers, mainly historians and religious scholars, mostly in the context of the problem of the split of the Orthodox Church in the Ukrainian lands during the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1943 as the head of the Autonomous Church. At the same time, he remains almost unknown as a religious thinker, and meanwhile, in his numerous theological-philosophical and historical-religious studies works, the bishop raised the most devastating religious and (...) spiritual problems of society and person, many of which have not lost their relevance to this day. Since Ukraine began to realize itself as a democratic country, the process of revising the relations of our state with various social institutions, including the Church, began to find a model that would ensure the harmonious development of both the state and the Church. In this context, the study of the views of one of the prominent hierarchs of intellectuals Metropolitan Alexy on church-state relations is very important and relevant. (shrink)