This chapter discusses how order ethics relates to the theory of justice. We focus on John Rawls's influential conception "Justice as Fairness" (JF) and compare its components with relevant aspects of the order-ethical approach. The two theories, we argue, are surprisingly compatible in various respects. We also analyse how far order ethicists disagree with Rawls and why. The main source of disagreement that we identify lies in a thesis that is central to the order ethical system, viz. the requirement of (...) incentive-compatible implementability. It purports that an ethical norm can be normatively valid only if individuals have a self-interested motive to support it. This idea conflicts with the Rawlsian view because there are cases where it is not clear, from the standpoint of self-interest, why everybody should support its moral demands. If the thesis of incentive-compatible implementability is, in fact, correct, a proponent of JF would have to reform her views. We suggest how she could do that while salvaging the heart of her normative system as a “regulative idea”. The conception that would result from this reformation may be seen as a new variant of order ethics, which we propose to call “Rawlsian Order Ethics”. (shrink)

This essay is the first attempt to compare Reinhart Koselleck's Historik with Hannah Arendt's political anthropology and her critique of the modern concept of history. Koselleck is well-known for his work on conceptual history as well as for his theory of historical time. It is my contention that these different projects are bound together by Koselleck's Historik, that is, his theory of possible histories. This can be shown through an examination of his writings from Critique and Crisis to his final (...) essays on historical anthropology, most of which have not yet been translated into English. Conversely, Arendt's political theory has in recent years been the subject of numerous interpretations that do not take into account her views about history. By comparing the anthropological categories found in Koselleck's Historik with Arendt's political anthropology, I identify similar intellectual lineages in them as well as shared political sentiments, in particular the anti-totalitarian impulse of the postwar era. More importantly, Koselleck's theory of the preconditions of possible histories and Arendt's theory of the preconditions of the political, I argue, transcend these lineages and sentiments by providing essential categories for the analysis of historical experience. (shrink)

Das historische Buch konnen zahlreiche Rechtschreibfehler, fehlende Texte, Bilder, oder einen Index. Kaufer konnen eine kostenlose gescannte Kopie des Originals durch den Verlag. 1890. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug:... sicherere Prognose stellen konnte, schon drei Wochen vor dem Tode des Philosophen an Leibniz'): D. B. de S. vereor, ut brevi nos derelicturus sit, cum phtisis in dies ingravescere videatur. Funf Tage nach dem Tode Spinoza's ubermittelt Schuller diese schmerzliche Nachricht Leibniz und macht ihm dabei gleichzeitig das merkwurdige Anerbieten, er moge das dem (...) Nachlass entnommene, von Spinoza's Hand herruhrende Exemplar der Ethik fur 150 Gulden fur die Bibliothek des Herzogs von Hannover ankaufen: Caeterum te minime celare debui, clarissimum et acutissimum virum Spinozam maxima atrophia conflictatum 21./H-Februar. vitam suam cum morte commutasse. Videtur autem quod inexpectata mortis debilitate praeventus sit, quoniam sine testamento, ultimae voluntatis indice, a nobis discessit. Ethica, quam penes ipsum vidisti, in autogra-cp penes amicum asservatur2) venalisque habetur, si pretio opere tanto condigno persolvatur, ad quod nulli melius, quam Tibi significandum censui, utpote qui operis conscius principis animum dirigere poteris, ut suis sumtibus coematur3). Gegen eine solche unehrerbietige und geschaftsmassige Ausbeutung der litterarischen Hinterlassenschaft Spinoza's mussen die edler veranlagten Junger des Meisters, an ihrer Spitze wol Ludwig Meyer, entschiedene Einsprache erhoben haben. Denn im folgenden Briefe widerruft Schuller in angstlichem Tone sein unpassendes Angebot, und man merkt es den Zeilen an, dass die heftige Erregung, die uber den Nachlass im Amsterdamer Schuler ') Brief II, datirt: 6. Februar 1677. Dass das Luugenubel in seiner Familie hereditar war, ist ubrigens ein Novum. 2) Die... (shrink)

Das Ergebnis unserer kurzen Untersuchung, die sich noch viel weiter ausdehnen ließe, ist folgendes: Die Lehre von der Seelenwanderung im Islam hängt aufs engste zusammen mit dem S e k t e n t y p u s : der Steigerung des Persönlichkeits- und Individualitätstriebes, wie sie sich einerseits in der Apotheose des verborgenen Imäm, andererseits in der Dramatisierung des Schicksals der menschlichen Seele kundtut. Die alten Religionen und Kulturen auf dem synkretistischen Boden Vorderasiens haben dazu ebenso das Material geliefert (...) wie der Ferne Osten, vornehmlich Indien, nicht zuletzt aber hat zu ihrer Ausbildung auch manche bedeutende Persönlichkeit der islamischen Theologie und das fromme Volksgemüt beigetragen in seiner Art, transzendente Zusammenhänge durch Glauben an die Wiederkehr des verehrten Heiligen zu erfassen, und so daran mitgewirkt, eine ursprünglich politische Sezession in eine religiöse zu verwandeln. Der Seelenwanderungsglaube gewährt seinen Anhängern eine wichtige Möglichkeit zur Deutung von Schuld und Sühne, der Theodizee und der Tatsache der Verschiedenheit der Religionen ; er vertieft das Gemeinschaftsgefühl durch die Theorie der seelischen Verwandtschaft und des Seelenaustauschs zwischen sich nahe-stehenden Personen, und er erklärt, wie ein Heiliger vergottet werden kann. Seine Rolle im Islam mag abseitig sein, aber sie ist nicht unerheblich. (shrink)

The paper introduces the problem of unawareness into multi-dimensional Principal–Agent theory. We introduce two key parameters to describe the problem, the extent and the effect of unawareness, show under what conditions it is optimal for the Principal to propose an incomplete or a complete contract, and characterize the incentive power of optimal linear contracts. If Agents differ in their unawareness, optimal incentive schemes can be distorted for both aware and unaware Agents, because, different from standard contract theory, the single-crossing property (...) fails to hold. In this case, even aware Agents can be subject to inefficiently high or low incentives. (shrink)

Nei Princìpi della filosofia dell'avvenire (1843) Feuerbach ricostruisce la genealogia dell'idealismo, mostrando il legame tra teologia e forme filosofiche sostenuto già nelle Tesi provvisorie per una riforma della filosofia. Tuttavia non si ferma ad una lettura, pur geniale, della storia della filosofia, ma prospetta una nuova soluzione del problema ontologico che eviti il vuoto di soggetto in cui incorre la logica di Hegel: l'essere non è solo pensato ma esperito come altro rispetto al pensiero.Feuerbach propone una nozione positiva della sensibilità, (...) uno sguardo rinnovato che pone la causa del desiderio umano nel campo del visibile. Andare oltre Hegel non significa infatti recuperare il concetto romantico di sentimento, ma riconoscere la positività del reale.Nei Princìpi Feuerbach si interroga sugli effetti a lungo termine della verità. Il destinatario di questo manifesto filosofico non è l'uditorio universitario ma l'umanità futura. Qui l'universalità emerge come piano dell'intersoggettività. Solo dopo aver destituito l'Assoluto come soggetto, l'uomo incontra l'altro come simile: finito nella sua esistenza corporea, ma infinito nel genere in quanto umanità. (shrink)

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Students of government and history- and many other readers with an interest in books off the beaten track, will find this lively discussion of the three attempts made by Plato to put theory into practice a fascinating study. The author has brought history to life, creating living beings rather than dry dust, and making the period live again. This practical side of the idealist, Plato, is not well known. He despised tyranny, as brute force, but yearned toward the tyranny of (...) a good and just man, who would austerely dominate his people toward the end of the Perfect State, with lasting peace as a goal. During 25 years three attempts were made, in Syracuse, a tyrant-held city, each coming closer to success. Plato's theory that the Perfect State demanded a king guided by a philosopher proved impractical, when after two failures, the loyal Platonist, Dion, seized the government, only to find that the teachings of Plato covered the ends to be achieved, while ignoring the means to reach them. Kirkus Review, Aug. 21st, 1947. (shrink)

Überblick über die theologische briefliteratur der frühscholastik.-Die theologischen Briefe Walters von Mortagne.-Die theologischen Briefe Hugos von St. Viktor.-Die theologischen Briefe Richards von St. Viktor.