Results for 'Jan Přikryl'

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  1.  12
    Crystallization behaviour of Ge17Sb23Se60thin films.Roman Svoboda, Jan Přikryl, Jaroslav Barták, Milan Vlček & Jiří Málek - 2014 - Philosophical Magazine 94 (12):1301-1310.
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  2. Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic.JAN LUKASIEWICZ - 1951 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 57 (4):456-458.
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  3.  62
    Do we understand the intervention? What complex intervention research can teach us for the evaluation of clinical ethics support services.Jan Schildmann, Stephan Nadolny, Joschka Haltaufderheide, Marjolein Gysels, Jochen Vollmann & Claudia Bausewein - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):48.
    Evaluating clinical ethics support services has been hailed as important research task. At the same time, there is considerable debate about how to evaluate CESS appropriately. The criticism, which has been aired, refers to normative as well as empirical aspects of evaluating CESS. In this paper, we argue that a first necessary step for progress is to better understand the intervention in CESS. Tools of complex intervention research methodology may provide relevant means in this respect. In a first step, we (...)
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  4. Epistemic authority: preemption through source sensitive defeat.Jan Constantin & Thomas Grundmann - 2020 - Synthese 197 (9):4109-4130.
    Modern societies are characterized by a division of epistemic labor between laypeople and epistemic authorities. Authorities are often far more competent than laypeople and can thus, ideally, inform their beliefs. But how should laypeople rationally respond to an authority’s beliefs if they already have beliefs and reasons of their own concerning some subject matter? According to the standard view, the beliefs of epistemic authorities are just further, albeit weighty, pieces of evidence. In contrast, the Preemption View claims that, when one (...)
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  5.  63
    What Might Machines Mean?Mitchell Green & Jan G. Michel - 2022 - Minds and Machines 32 (2):323-338.
    This essay addresses the question whether artificial speakers can perform speech acts in the technical sense of that term common in the philosophy of language. We here argue that under certain conditions artificial speakers can perform speech acts so understood. After explaining some of the issues at stake in these questions, we elucidate a relatively uncontroversial way in which machines can communicate, namely through what we call verbal signaling. But verbal signaling is not sufficient for the performance of a speech (...)
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  6. A Novel Solution to the Problem of Old Evidence.Jan Sprenger - 2015 - Philosophy of Science 82 (3):383-401.
    One of the most troubling and persistent challenges for Bayesian Confirmation Theory is the Problem of Old Evidence. The problem arises for anyone who models scientific reasoning by means of Bayesian Conditionalization. This article addresses the problem as follows: First, I clarify the nature and varieties of the POE and analyze various solution proposals in the literature. Second, I present a novel solution that combines previous attempts while making weaker and more plausible assumptions. Third and last, I summarize my findings (...)
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  7.  17
    Logique et mathématique chez Bernard Bolzano.Jan Sebestik - 1992 - Paris: J. Vrin.
  8.  22
    Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy.Jan Faye & Henry J. Folse (eds.) - 1993 - Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Since the Niels Bohr centenary of 1985 there has been an astonishing international surge of scholarly analyses of Bohr's philosophy. Now for the first time in Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy Jan Faye and Henry Folse have brought together sixteen of today's leading authors who have helped mould this new round of discussions on Bohr's philosophy. In fifteen entirely new, previously unpublished essays we discover a surprising variety of the different facets of Bohr as the natural philosopher whose `framework of (...)
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  9. Collective responsibility.Jan Narveson - 2002 - The Journal of Ethics 6 (2):179-198.
    The basic bearer of responsibility is individuals, because that isall there are – nothing else can literally be the bearer of fullresponsibility. Claims about group responsibility therefore needanalysis. This would be impossible if all actions must be understoodas ones that could be performed whether or not anyone else exists.Individuals often act by virtue of membership in certain groups;often such membership bears a causal role in our behavior, andsometimes people act deliberately in order to promote the prospectsof members of a given (...)
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  10. The Dispeller of Disputes: Nāgārjuna's Vigrahavyāvartanī.Jan Westerhoff - 2010 - Oup Usa.
    Nagarjuna's Vigrahavyavartani is one of the most important Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophical texts. Jan Westerhoff offers a new translation, reflecting the best current philological research and all available editions, and adds his own philosophical commentary on the text. His nuanced, philosophically sophisticated commentary explains Nagarjuna's arguments in a way that is both grounded in historical and textual scholarship and connected explicitly to contemporary philosophical concerns.
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  11. Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.Jan Faye - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    As the theory of the atom, quantum mechanics is perhaps the most successful theory in the history of science. It enables physicists, chemists, and technicians to calculate and predict the outcome of a vast number of experiments and to create new and advanced technology based on the insight into the behavior of atomic objects. But it is also a theory that challenges our imagination. It seems to violate some fundamental principles of classical physics, principles that eventually have become a part (...)
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  12. Niels Bohr: His Heritage and Legacy.Jan Faye - 1991 - Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    The book gives an painstaking analysis of Niels Bohr's understanding of quantum mechanics based on a claim that Bohr was influenced by Harald Høffding's approach to philosophical problems.
     
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  13.  30
    Instabilität in Natur Und Wissenschaft: Eine Wissenschaftsphilosophie der Nachmodernen Physik.Jan Cornelius Schmidt - 2008 - Walter de Gruyter.
    Review text: "Es gibt Bücher, die durch ihre unprätentiöse, stille und sorgfältige Vorgehensweise auf den ersten Blick über die Sensation hinwegtäuschen, die sie bloßlegen und zur Diskussion anbieten. So ein Buch ist die "Wissenschaftphilosophie? von Jan C. Schmidt, die über die "Instabilität in Natur und Wissenschaft? handelt."Günter Altner in: Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 9/2009.
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  14.  71
    Bolzano's logic.Jan Berg - 1962 - Stockholm,: Almqvist & Wiksell.
    This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and (...)
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  15.  25
    An Adequate Education in a Globalised World? A Note on Immunisation Against Being–Together.Jan Masschelein & Maarten Simons - 2002 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 36 (4):589-608.
    The article starts from the questions: what is it to be an inhabitant or citizen of a globalised world, and how are we to think of education in relation to such inhabitants? We examine more specifically the so–called ‘European area of higher education’ that is on the way to being established and that can be regarded as a concrete example of a process of globalisation. In the first part of the paper we try to show that the discursive horizon, and (...)
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  16.  90
    On the Solvability of the Mind–Body Problem.Jan Scheffel - 2020 - Axiomathes 30 (3):289-312.
    The mind–body problem is analyzed in a physicalist perspective. By combining the concepts of emergence and algorithmic information theory in a thought experiment, employing a basic nonlinear process, it is shown that epistemologically emergent properties may develop in a physical system. Turning to the significantly more complex neural network of the brain it is subsequently argued that consciousness is epistemologically emergent. Thus reductionist understanding of consciousness appears not possible; the mind–body problem does not have a reductionist solution. The ontologically emergent (...)
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  17.  19
    The Reality of the Future: An Essay on Time, Causation and Backward Causation.Jan Faye - 1989 - Odense: Odense University Press.
    This book provides the reader with an analysis of backward causation. The notion of backward causation faces many different paradoxes that threaten to make the notion inconsistent or incoherent. The book denies that these pose a real threat. It developed a theory of causation according to which the orientation of causation is not dependent on the direction of time. In this process it takes issues with David Lewis' contrafactual analysis of causation, and denies that the direction of time is determined (...)
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  18.  30
    Deontic epistemic stit logic distinguishing modes of mens rea.Jan Broersen - 2011 - Journal of Applied Logic 9 (2):137-152.
  19.  39
    Focus-Style Proofs for the Two-Way Alternation-Free μ-Calculus.Jan Rooduijn & Yde Venema - 2023 - In Helle Hvid Hansen, Andre Scedrov & Ruy J. G. B. De Queiroz (eds.), Logic, Language, Information, and Computation: 29th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2023, Halifax, NS, Canada, July 11–14, 2023, Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 318-335.
    We introduce a cyclic proof system for the two-way alternation-free modal μ-calculus. The system manipulates one-sided Gentzen sequents and locally deals with the backwards modalities by allowing analytic applications of the cut rule. The global effect of backwards modalities on traces is handled by making the semantics relative to a specific strategy of the opponent in the evaluation game. This allows us to augment sequents by so-called trace atoms, describing traces that the proponent can construct against the opponent’s strategy. The (...)
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  20.  7
    Preface: Philosophical Basis for Making Decisions (on the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of Jan Łukasiewicz).Andrew Schumann & Jan Woleński - 2019 - Studia Humana 8 (2):1-2.
    It is a Preface to Volume 8:2 (2019) consisting of articles presented at the International Interdisciplinary Conference anniversary of the birth of Jan Łukasiewicz, Rzeszów, Poland.
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  21.  23
    Grade Expectations: Rationality and Overconfidence.Jan R. Magnus & Anatoly A. Peresetsky - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  22. A Synthesis of Hempelian and Hypothetico-Deductive Confirmation.Jan Sprenger - 2013 - Erkenntnis 78 (4):727-738.
    This paper synthesizes confirmation by instances and confirmation by successful predictions, and thereby the Hempelian and the hypothetico-deductive traditions in confirmation theory. The merger of these two approaches is subsequently extended to the piecemeal confirmation of entire theories. It is then argued that this synthetic account makes a useful contribution from both a historical and a systematic perspective.
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  23.  46
    Severity effects and mental state attributions.Jan Garcia Olier & Markus Kneer - manuscript
    Several empirical studies have documented an asymmetry in people’s assessments of intentional action, so-called ‘Knobe effect’. Accordingly, foreseen (yet undesired) outcomes that are harmful are judged intentional, whereas foreseen (yet undesired) outcomes that are helpful are judged unintentional. The Knobe-effect has been standardly conceived of in bivalent terms: The presence or absence of perceived intentionality contingent on a negative or positive outcome valence. Unsurprisingly, explanations thereof have a similar bivalent structure: Intentionality ascriptions in Knobe-effect cases are viewed as contingent on (...)
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  24. Die logischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung.Jan Lukasiewicz - 1914 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 22 (2):16-17.
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  25.  34
    Aristotle’s Deductive Logic: a Proof-Theoretical Study.Jan von Plato - 2016 - In Peter Schuster & Dieter Probst (eds.), Concepts of Proof in Mathematics, Philosophy, and Computer Science. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 323-346.
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  26.  25
    How Experts Solve a Novel Problem in Experimental Design.Jan Maarten Schraagen - 1993 - Cognitive Science 17 (2):285-309.
    Research on expert‐novice differences has mainly focused on how experts solve familiar problems. We know far less about the skills and knowledge used by experts when they are confronted with novel problems within their area of expertise. This article discusses a study in which verbal protocols were taken from subjects of various expertise designing an experiment in an area with which they were unfamiliar. The results showed that even when domain knowledge is lacking, experts solve a novel problem within their (...)
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  27. Morality and Utility.Jan Narveson - 1969 - Philosophy 44 (168):162-163.
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  28.  6
    Self-Perception and the Relation to Actual Driving Abilities for Individuals With Visual Field Loss.Jan Andersson, Tomas Bro & Timo Lajunen - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    BackgroundIn Sweden, individuals with visual field loss have their driving license withdrawn. The literature clearly indicates that individuals with VFL are unsafe drivers on a group level. However, many drivers with VFL can be safe on an individual level. The literature also suggests that self-perception, beliefs, and insights of one’s own capabilities are related to driving performance. This study had three aims: To investigate self-perceived driving capability ratings for individuals with VFL; to compare these ratings between groups with different medical (...)
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  29.  76
    Democracy and Economic Rights.Jan Narveson - 1992 - Social Philosophy and Policy 9 (1):29.
    We have long been accustomed to thinking of democracy as a major selling point of Western institutions. That a set of political institutions should be democratic is widely regarded as the sine qua non of their legitimacy. So widespread is this belief that even those whose institutions do not look very democratic to us nevertheless insist on proclaiming them to be such. Meanwhile, an adulatory attitude toward democracy has arisen in many quarters, and many theorists have taken up anew the (...)
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  30.  14
    Meaning–thinking–AI.Jan Soeffner - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-8.
    This paper makes the case for a sharper terminology regarding AIs cognitive abilities. In arguing that thinking requires more than content production, I offer a definition of meaning drawing on a clear distinction between living and machine intelligence. A pivotal argument is the re-use of the Turing Test (TT) for understanding which theories of meaning and consciousness are no longer plausible—because they have been reproduced by software without thereby gaining conscious experience. In following the few theories that have not (yet) (...)
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  31.  66
    Superstition and belief as inevitable by-products of an adaptive learning strategy.Jan Beck & Wolfgang Forstmeier - 2007 - Human Nature 18 (1):35-46.
    The existence of superstition and religious beliefs in most, if not all, human societies is puzzling for behavioral ecology. These phenomena bring about various fitness costs ranging from burial objects to celibacy, and these costs are not outweighed by any obvious benefits. In an attempt to resolve this problem, we present a verbal model describing how humans and other organisms learn from the observation of coincidence (associative learning). As in statistical analysis, learning organisms need rules to distinguish between real patterns (...)
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  32.  51
    All agreed: Aumann meets DeGroot.Jan-Willem Romeijn & Olivier Roy - 2018 - Theory and Decision 85 (1):41-60.
    We represent consensus formation processes based on iterated opinion pooling as a dynamic approach to common knowledge of posteriors :1236–1239, 1976; Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis in J Econ Theory 28:192–200, 1982). We thus provide a concrete and plausible Bayesian rationalization of consensus through iterated pooling. The link clarifies the conditions under which iterated pooling can be rationalized from a Bayesian perspective, and offers an understanding of iterated pooling in terms of higher-order beliefs.
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  33. With the lifeworld as ground: introduction to the Special Issue. An outline of the Gothenburg tradition of the lifeworld approach.Jan Bengtsson - 2013 - Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology: Lifeworld Approach for Empirical Research in Education-the Gothenburg Tradition: Special Edition 1 13:1-9.
  34.  71
    Replacement and reasoning: a reliabilist account of epistemic defeat.Jan Constantin - 2020 - Synthese 197 (8):3437-3457.
    In this paper, I present a solution to the problem that the need to accommodate the phenomenon of epistemic defeat poses for reliabilism. Defeaters are supposed to remove justification for previously justified beliefs. According to standard process reliabilism, the justification of a belief depends on the reliability of a process that is already completed when a defeater for that belief is obtained. It is hard to see, then, how a defeater can affect reliabilist justification, if that justification, from the perspective (...)
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  35.  56
    The virtue approach to moral education: Some conceptual clarifications.Jan W. Steutel - 1997 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 31 (3):395–407.
    There is a lot of talking and writing on virtues and education nowadays. In spite of this, a clear and convincing account of the defining characteristics of the virtue approach to moral education is still lacking. This paper suggests and discusses three different definitions of such an approach. With reference to each definition it is examined whether the virtue approach can be distinguished from other main perspectives on moral education, in particular from the so-called cognitive-developmental approach (including the just community (...)
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  36.  46
    Can Inferentialism Contribute to Social Epistemology?Jan Derry - 2013 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 47 (2):222-235.
    This article argues that Robert Brandom's work can be used to develop ideas in the area of social epistemology. It suggests that this work, precisely because it was influenced by Hegel, can make a significant contribution with philosophical anthropology at its centre. The argument is developed using illustrations from education: the first, from the now classic replication of Piaget's ‘three mountains task’ by Margaret Donaldson and her colleagues; the second, from contemporary debates about the questions of knowledge and epistemic access. (...)
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  37.  17
    Combinatorics with definable sets: Euler characteristics and Grothendieck rings.Jan Krají Cek & Thomas Scanlon - 2000 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 6 (3):311-330.
    We recall the notions of weak and strong Euler characteristics on a first order structure and make explicit the notion of a Grothendieck ring of a structure. We define partially ordered Euler characteristic and Grothendieck ring and give a characterization of structures that have non-trivial partially ordered Grothendieck ring. We give a generalization of counting functions to locally finite structures, and use the construction to show that the Grothendieck ring of the complex numbers contains as a subring the ring of (...)
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  38.  10
    The Virtue Approach to Moral Education: Some Conceptual Clarifications.Jan W. Steutel - 1997 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 31 (3):395-407.
    There is a lot of talking and writing on virtues and education nowadays. In spite of this, a clear and convincing account of the defining characteristics of the virtue approach to moral education is still lacking. This paper suggests and discusses three different definitions of such an approach. With reference to each definition it is examined whether the virtue approach can be distinguished from other main perspectives on moral education, in particular from the so-called cognitive-developmental approach (including the just community (...)
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  39.  14
    Ethics in Masaryk’s classification of the sciences.Jan Svoboda - 2022 - Human Affairs 32 (3):348-357.
    Masaryk’s philosophical approach to reality is largely characterised by its orientation towards the positivism of Auguste Comte, which Masaryk sought to offset with the psychologism of J. S. Mill. The combination of these positivist approaches became the positive starting point for Masaryk’s ethics. But that was not the only influence on his ethics. Masaryk’s German translation of Hume’s book, titled Eine Untersuchung über die Prinzipien der Moral von David Hume (1883), reveals that the main stimuli that shaped Masaryk’s ideas about (...)
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  40.  12
    Why robots should be technical : Correcting mental models through technical architecture concepts.Lukas Hindemith, Jan Philip Göpfert, Christiane B. Wiebel-Herboth, Britta Wrede & Anna-Lisa Vollmer - 2021 - Interaction Studies 22 (2):244-279.
    Research in social robotics is commonly focused on designing robots that imitate human behavior. While this might increase a user’s satisfaction and acceptance of robots at first glance, it does not automatically aid a non-expert user in naturally interacting with robots, and might hurt their ability to correctly anticipate a robot’s capabilities. We argue that a faulty mental model, that the user has of the robot, is one of the main sources of confusion. In this work, we investigate how communicating (...)
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  41.  20
    Probability and Determinism.Jan Platvono - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (1):51-.
    This paper discusses different interpretations of probability in relation to determinism. It is argued that both objective and subjective views on probability can be compatible with deterministic as well as indeterministic situations. The possibility of a conceptual independence between probability and determinism is argued to hold on a general level. The subsequent philosophical analysis of recent advances in classical statistical mechanics is of independent interest, but also adds weight to the claim that it is possible to justify an objective interpretation (...)
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  42.  18
    Paradoxes of Rationalisation: Openness and Control in Critical Theory and Luhmann's Systems Theory.Jan Overwijk - 2021 - Theory, Culture and Society 38 (1):127-148.
    For the Critical Theory tradition of the Frankfurt School, rationalisation is a central concept that refers to the socio-cultural closure of capitalist modernity due to the proliferation of technical, ‘instrumental’ rationality at the expense of some form of political reason. This picture of rationalisation, however, hinges on a separation of technology and politics that is both empirically and philosophically problematic. This article aims to re-conceptualise the rationalisation thesis through a survey of research from science and technology studies and the conceptual (...)
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  43.  3
    Die Entwicklung der Sprachtheorie im Mittelalter.Jan Pinborg - 1985 - Aschendorff.
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  44.  58
    Emotional Rationality and Feelings of Being.Jan Slaby - 2012 - In Jörg Fingerhut & Sabine Marienberg (eds.), Feelings of Being Alive. de Gruyter. pp. 55-78.
  45.  6
    Introduction à la phénoménologie de Husserl.Jan Patočka - 1992 - Editions Jérôme Millon.
    Conçue et écrite dans le milieu des années soixante, cette Introduction à la phénoménologie de Husserl marque les retrouvailles de Patocka avec la phénoménologie après la césure de la guerre et des années cinquante. Ayant fait l'objet d'un cours à Prague et à Mayence, ce texte ne vaut pas seulement par ses vertus pédagogiques, mais surtout par la remise en perspective globale, historique et critique, qu'il propose de la problématique du fondateur de la phénoménologie. Exposé en forme de bilan, repartant (...)
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  46. Speculative grammar.Jan Pinborg - 1982 - In Norman Kretzmann, Anthony Kenny & Jan Pinborg (eds.), Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1--254.
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  47. Causal Modeling Semantics for Counterfactuals with Disjunctive Antecedents.Giuliano Rosella & Jan Sprenger - manuscript
    Causal Modeling Semantics (CMS, e.g., Galles and Pearl 1998; Pearl 2000; Halpern 2000) is a powerful framework for evaluating counterfactuals whose antecedent is a conjunction of atomic formulas. We extend CMS to an evaluation of the probability of counterfactuals with disjunctive antecedents, and more generally, to counterfactuals whose antecedent is an arbitrary Boolean combination of atomic formulas. Our main idea is to assign a probability to a counterfactual (A ∨ B) > C at a causal model M as a weighted (...)
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  48.  4
    Liberté et sacrifice: écrits politiques#Btrad. du tchèque et de l'allemand Erika Abrams#Bpostf. Anne-Marie Roviello.Jan Patocka - 1990 - Editions Jérôme Millon.
    Rassemblant douze textes rédigés entre 1934 et 1976, ce recueil remet les Essais hérétiques en perspective en permettant de saisir quelques-unes des principales lignes de force qui font l'unité intime de l'œuvre de Patocka et communiquent à sa pensée la tonalité et la tension éthiques qui lui donnent son éclat particulier à l'intérieur du mouvement phénoménologique. Ligne de force de la liberté en tant qu'expérience fondamentale de l'être historique qu'est l'homme, transcendance qui, dans sa négativité, rejoint le " pas en (...)
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  49. Essais hérétiques sur la philosophie de l'histoire.Jan Patočka - 1983 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 173 (4):502-502.
     
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  50.  46
    Technoscience and Postphenomenology: The Manhattan Papers.Jan Kyrre Berg Friis (ed.) - 2015 - Lexington Books.
    Friis and Crease illustrate the diversity of content and styles in postphenomenology, a burgeoning field that has attracted attention among scholars engaged in technology studies. Contributors to this edited collection seek to analyze, clarify, and develop postphenomenological language and concepts, expand the work of Don Ihde, the field's founder, and delve into areas that Ihde never tackled.
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