Matrices that cannot be handled using conventional clustering, regression or classification methods are often found in every big data research area. In particular, datasets with thousands or millions of rows and less than a hundred columns regularly appear in biological so-called omic problems. The effectiveness of conventional data analysis approaches is hampered by this matrix structure, which necessitates some means of reduction. An evolutionary method called PreCLAS is presented in this article. Its main objective is to find a submatrix with (...) fewer rows that exhibits some group structure. Three stages of experiments were performed. First, a benchmark dataset was used to assess the correct functionality of the method for clustering purposes. Then, a microarray gene expression data matrix was used to analyze the method’s performance in a simple classification scenario, where differential expression was carried out. Finally, several classification methods were compared in terms of classification accuracy using an RNA-seq gene expression dataset. Experiments showed that the new evolutionary technique significantly reduces the number of rows in the matrix and intelligently performs unsupervised row selection, improving classification and clustering methods. (shrink)

Thomas Aquinas holds that the actual content of our thought is not accessible for any creature, and that free will cannot be superseded. These theses are founded on the spiritual condition of our intelligence and will, which makes them directly invulnerable to any intervention on our body. On the other hand, he enthrones the will as the keeper of interiority: it precludes a full transparency that would make our free decision to communicate superfluous, and it exert an inalienable control over (...) the action through which we direct ourselves to the good. In this sense, Aquinas departs from reductionist accounts, which either refuse the existence of free will, suppressing the reason to protect its expression, or face the difficulty of explaining the meaning and justification of the rights that are claimed for free will. However, Thomas Aquinas admits the possibility of indirectly accessing our minds through the knowledge of brain states and of influencing our will through passions by means of alterations of our organisms. Although this possibility was not within the reach of the human being in his time, he considered it was within the reach of separated substances. The consideration of the limits of their perspicacity and control sheds light on the possibilities that neurotechnology can allow in the future. The existence of an unassailable stronghold that guarantees our interiority and free will legitimates our right to be respected but does not make their protection superfluous. (shrink)

Classic and modern philosophy propose different views on the question of self-knowledge. Ancient philosophy identifies self-knowledge with the knowledge of the soul, which is the principle of unity in man. Modern philosophy is intereseted in subjectivity, but has a problematic view of it. Some currents, like Idealism, consider that a total reflexcion is possible, in which the subjectivity becomes totally present to itself, but others, as Empiricists, are skeptical and even deny the existence of a true subject. The difficulties of (...) the Idealistic project have are uncovered by some contemporary philosophers, like Heidegger and post-modern thinkers. Polo shows how the denial of a reflective and objective knowledge of the person is compatible with the claim that the person is a radical and transcendental act of intellect. The key of this proposal is the affirmation that there are different kinds of acts of the intellect, according to their theme. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between rhythmic movements and deictic gestures at the end of the first year of life, and to focus on their unimodal or multimodal character. We hypothesize that multimodal rhythmic movement performed with an object in the hand can facilitate the transition to the first deictic gestures. Twenty-three children were observed at 9 and 12 months of age in a naturalistic play situation with their mother or father. Results showed that rhythmic (...) movements with objects in the hand are a frequent behavior in children's repertoires. Rhythmic behaviors tend to decrease from 9 to 12 months, specifically when they are unimodal. Multimodal rhythmic behavior production at 9 months is positively related with proximal deictic gestures 3 months later. Multimodal rhythmic movements are not directly related to distal deictic gestures, but are indirectly related via proximal deictic gestures. These results highlight the relevance of multimodal behaviors in the transition to the use of early gestures, and can be considered as a transitional phenomenon between the instrumental action and early communicative gestures. (shrink)

El presente trabajo procura analizar la lectura de Jean-Luc Marion sobre el concepto de αἰτíα de Dionisio Areopagita, haciendo hincapié en su interpretación de una causalidad concebida desde un plano lingüístico. En primer lugar, proponemos una lectura general del concepto de causalidad en la tradición neoplatónica y su versión específica en la obra de Dionisio Areopagita. En segundo lugar, examinamos las primeras lecturas ofrecidas por Marion sobre la αἰτíα dionisiana a la luz del concepto de alabanza (ὑμνεῖν), tal como puede (...) encontrarse en su temprano artículo “Distance et Louange” (1971), y su obra L´ idole et la distance (1977). En tercer lugar, estudiamos su interpretación de la obra dionisiana como una “teología pragmática de la ausencia” en De surcroît (2001). Finalmente, mostramos tensiones entre esta interpretación y diversas formulaciones de Marion sobre la causalidad en Étant donné y De surcroît. (shrink)

El siguiente trabajo analiza las acciones artísticas ligadas al Colectivo Escena Política que tuvieron lugar en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 2013 y 2016. Daremos cuenta de tres formas específicas de intervención artístico-política en el espacio público. La primera relacionada con una denuncia de la explotación laboral de los artistas escénicos en la ciudad. La segunda vinculada a prácticas micropolíticas que denominamos activismo de lo sensible. Y la tercera, relacionada con la lucha llevada adelante por la Asamblea Lopérfido Renunciá (...) Ya, en conjunto con organismos de derechos humanos. En última instancia, el artículo propone que la eficacia política del activismo artístico depende de su articulación sincrónica con las diversas luchas que atraviesan el entramado social. (shrink)

Responses to outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics involves a heterogeneous set of activities that aim to address threats to public health. In addition to research, non-research activities, such as prevention and control interventions, and surveillance, are conducted. The boundaries between research and non-research responses can rapidly blur during a public health emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. There may be common elements between these types of activities, and they may draw on the same resources and infrastructure. Non-research activities, such as surveillance (...) and emergency non-research use of unproven interventions, and research activities must all be undertaken in an ethical manner as components of emergency response. However, care is needed to distinguish between non-research public health activities and research, because research often has considerations and requirements for its ethical conduct which are distinct from non-research public health activities. Research aims to produce generalizable knowledge, and mechanisms such as participant consent and independent ethics review aim to ensure that the rights and interests of research participants are respected. Ensuring that research and non-research activities are appropriately distinguished can additionally promote proper coordination of such activities, and increase trust and social accountability in pandemic responses. Consequently, it is important to distinguish between these different activities on the basis of their primary aim, and to consider whether their implementation is justifiable, based on their aims and the relevant ethical framework for each type of activity, and how they are coordinated as part of the larger collective activity of emergency response and management. Complex questions arise about how the different stakeholders involved in decision-making should make valid and justifiable decisions about whether the response activity is research or non-research. The cases in this chapter invite consideration about how such decisions should be made, and their implications, in the context of applications to conduct retrospective research into the outcomes of emergency uses of unproven interventions outside clinical trials, and of characterising antibody-testing initiatives and systematic data collection activities as surveillance or research. (shrink)

In the present paper it is shown, following Levinas, that Ethics, understood as an intersubjective relation among completely separate subjects, sets itself up starting from concrete events that determine man's historical existence, but these are invested with the peculiarity of being events which escape the ontological order. Rather, they send to somewhere beyond, outside ontology, signifying above all in an ethical fashion, i.e., in a way other than being.

El presente trabajo se propone analizar el problema del lenguaje en dos pensadores de la _nouvelle phénoménologie_ francesa: Jean-Luc Marion y Claude Romano. Intentamos mostrar que la novedad de esta tradición consiste en mostrar que el lenguaje propio de la fenomenología puede ser explorado desde una dimensión no-predicativa. Para esto, proponemos agrupar estas propuestas bajo la noción de “lenguajes del exceso”. En relación a Marion, agruparemos sus diversas formulaciones sobre este tema bajo la idea de lo que denominaremos como “lenguaje (...) de la saturación”. El elemento central aquí será su recepción del neoplatonismo cristiano (Dionisio Areopagita y Nicolás de Cusa), la cual le permite formular un lenguaje para nombrar los fenómenos saturados. En cuanto a Claude Romano, aunque ajeno a la tradición del neoplatonismo cristiano, sostendremos que su propuesta fenomenológico-hermenéutica está al servicio de la búsqueda de un lenguaje que pueda denominar el acontecimiento. En ambos casos, los autores pretenden describir fenómenos que exceden el ámbito de los objetos. (shrink)

El artículo postula que la revolución tecnológica de la información esta trastocando todos los dominios de la realidad social, al igual que las otras dos grandes revoluciones tecnológicas –la del vapor y la de la electricidad- que marcaron la historia contemporánea. Somos actualmente testigos de la emergencia de una nueva sociedad civil que desborda las fronteras de los Estados-Nación y funciona en unidad de tiempo real y a escala global. El texto recorre los rasgos principales del Análisis de Redes Sociales, (...) concebido como un enfoque analítico promisorio que nos permite aprehender la lógica organizativa emergente. (shrink)

Frente a la naturaleza revolucionaria de internet, capaz de funcionar en unidad de tiempo real y a escala global, el autor se sitúa entre los "Cyberoptimistas" y los "Cyberpesimistas", para postular una actitud más reflexiva. En el artículo aborda la compleja interacción entre el internet y los cambios en la gobernabilidad de las sociedades, desarrollando temas como los de autogobierno la disminución de mecanismos de coerción estatal y la importancia de avanzar hacia la plena incorporación de las tecnologías digitales a (...) la gobernabilidad de los países. (shrink)

Frente a Descartes, y de acuerdo con autores como Nietzsche, Darwin o Chomsky, Pinker sostiene que el lenguaje es un instinto más de la naturaleza humana. Pero se separa de Chomsky al afirmar que el lenguaje es también el resultado del mecanismo de la selección natural. Recientes descubrimientos parecen respaldar la tesis de Pinker, en la medida en que se ha podido establecer una vinculación entre el gen FOXP2 y el lenguaje. La filosofía debería tomar buena nota de estos esultados, (...) pues afectan de lleno al estatuto del lógos: en adelante, es posible, sin necesidad de recurrir a ninguna instancia... (Leer más) trascendente, considerar al lenguaje como constitutivo de la sigularidad humana con respecto a las demás especies y, al mismo tiempo, como un avatar más de la evolución del mundo natural. (shrink)

I attempt to clarify the specificity of Spinoza’s hermeneutic proposal of the Scripture in the Political-Theological Treatise. In this regard, I assume two levels of analysis in Spinoza interpretation: the historic-critical and the philosophical one. My aim is to find out the relationships between these two levels, and also the differences of Spinoza’s interpretation with others, in particular, that one developed by Lodewijk Meyer in his Philosophia S. Scripturae Interpres.

This article raises issues of science, politics, economics and ethics. The first section presents the ontological transition from the first Copernican revolution to the second Copernican revolution in the global study of sustainability and the ethics of climate change. The second section describes the «Giddens’s paradox» and the Hilbertian program of the Earth System Science, that presuppose a paradigmatic challenge. Finally, the third section links this methodological challenge to the description of the «post-normal science» and the «transdisciplinarity chain» in a (...) post-Kuhnian epistemology.  . (shrink)