Expondremos el camino de interiorización a través del cual el hombre persigue su autognosis. Respetando la dualidad entre método y tema que caracteriza a la actividad intelectual, y la distinción entre esencia y acto de ser que caracteriza a las criaturas, ese camino hacia la autognosis se abre finalmente en busca de la réplica de que la persona humana carece. Se dibuja así el acceso antropológico a Dios, tal y como Polo lo ha propuesto. Desde la persona se vislumbra que (...) la identidad originaria del ser tiene también intimidad personal. (shrink)

El objetivo del trabajo fue fundamentar las bases teóricas que sustentan la importancia del trabajo independiente en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Médica Superior, así como aspectos relativos a su concepción, requerimientos y formas de aplicación. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico acerca del tema y se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones: el trabajo independiente es un medio de organizar metodológicamente la actividad cognoscitiva independiente de los estudiantes que se expresa a través de un conjunto de tareas y (...) puede utilizarse durante la actividad docente y fuera de ella, así como en cualquiera de las formas de organización de que se trate. Es imprescindible que se tengan en cuenta al organizar el trabajo independiente las etapas de la actividad humana: planificación, orientación, ejecución y control. El trabajo independiente es un factor importante para estimular la independencia de los futuros profesionales de las Ciencias Médicas por lo que su perfeccionamiento exige al profesor una alta profesionalización de sus acciones. The objective of the work was to stablish the theorical bases that sustain the importance of the independent work in the teaching learning process in the medical education, as well as, relative aspects to its conception, requirements and application forms. A bibliographical study about the topic was carried out reaching the following conclusions the independent work is a way of organizing methologically the independent cognitive activity of the students that is expressed through out a group of tasks and it can be used during the teaching - learning in and out of the classroom; as well as in any of the forms of teaching organization. It is indispensable when organizing the independent work of the students to keep in mind the different stages of the human activity planning, orientation, execution and control. The independent work is an important factor to stimulate the independent of the future professionals of the medical sciences that is why its improvement demands a higher professionalism of its actions. (shrink)

Se realizó el análisis curricular de los planes de estudios D y modificados D1 y D2 y el análisis cuantitativo de las mallas curriculares o plan del proceso docente a partir de la organización de las asignaturas por ciclos, distribución de los componentes académico y laboral, frondosidad y quantum de flexibilidad del currículo. El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar el diseño curricular del plan de estudios de la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico. Se concluye que hay deficiencias en el nuevo (...) plan al no definirse los aspectos que deben integrarse en el macro, meso y micro currículo de una carrera universitaria, no están diseñadas las estrategias curriculares, los programas de las disciplinas ni el plan de la bibliografía básica, lo cual atenta contra la planificación y organización del proceso docente educativo, una asimilación consciente y por ende una correcta formación de conocimientos y habilidades que permitan solucionar exitosamente los problemas profesionales. The curriculum analysis of the syllabus D, D1 and D2 were performedas well as the quantitative analysis of the curricular nets or plan of the teaching process from the organization of the subjects by cycles, distribution of academic and labour components, luxuriance and quantum of flexibility within the curriculum. The objective of the research is to evaluate the curriculum design of the syllabus for the Bioanalysis Clinical Degree. It is concluded that there are lacks in the new plan as the aspects that should be integrated in the macro, meso and micro curriculum of a college degree are not well defined, the curricular strategies are not designed neither the disciplines programs nor the plan of the basic bibliography, which infringes on the planning and organization of the educational teaching process. A conscious assimilation and therefore a correct formation of knowledge and skills that allow to solve successfully the professional problems. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es poner en diálogo la filosofía poliana del límite mental con el criticismo de Kant. Mantengo que por comenzar desde el hecho de que ellos toman el mismo método como tema, ambas posiciones teóricas están interconectadas. La limitación del conocimiento, el problema de su fundamentación, y la antropología que responde a ambas cuestiones será objeto de estudio del presente artículo.

El objetivo del trabajo consistió en destacar la significación del enfoque histórico-cultural de Vigotsky como sustento para el tratamiento de las relaciones interdisciplinarias en la educación médica superior. Se toma como referente psicológico sus aportes en cuanto a la enseñanza y el desarrollo; el concepto de zona de desarrollo próximo, su concepción sobre el aprendizaje y la categoría situación social del desarrollo. Se concluye que el enfoque histórico-cultural brinda conceptos claves que se deben tener presente para el tratamiento de las (...) relaciones interdisciplinarias. The objective of the paper was highlighting Vigostky historical-cultural approach to the interdisciplinary relationships treatment in the higher medical education. His contributions in teaching and development, the concept of the zone of proximal development, his conception on learning and the category of social situation of development are taken as psychological referent. As a conclusion, the paper refers that his historical-cultural approach offers key concepts that should be taken into account in the treatment of the interdisciplinary relationships. (shrink)

Concern about air-quality in urban areas has led to the implementation of Low Emission Zones as one of many other initiatives to control it. Recently in Spain, the enactment of a law made this mandatory for cities with a population larger than 50k inhabitants. The delimitation of these areas is not without controversy because of possible negative economic and social impacts. Therefore, clear assessments of how these initiatives decrease pollutant concentrations are to be provided. Madrid Central is a major initiative (...) of Madrid city council for reducing motor traffic and the associated air pollution in the city centre. This Low Emission Zone starts at the end of 2018, but the first fully-operational period corresponds to the second quarter of 2019. In this work, a methodology based on the Gaussian Process to analyse the evolution of Nitrogen Dioxide inside Madrid Central is undertaken. A Gaussian Process is a stochastic process suitable for interpretable model selection and predictions. Due to its probabilistic nature it provides error estimation at predictions. After the activation of Madrid Central, a relevant reduction of Nitrogen Dioxide has been observed. However, the role of the meteorology during this period must be ascertained to correctly evaluate the role of the activation of the Low Emission Zone against a prone weather. In this work, a model based on the Gaussian Process is trained with meteorological information to predict the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide at Madrid Central, $[NO_{2}]$. This probabilistic description allows extracting statistical information on the reduction affected by the meteorological scenario and separately by the Madrid Central activation. (shrink)

This article has a twofold purpose: first, it explores how Leonardo Polo's personalist anthropology enriches and enhances neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics and second, it highlights how this specific personalist approach brings new perspectives to servant leadership. The recently revived neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics tradition finds that MacIntyre's scholarship significantly contributes to virtue ethics in business—particularly his conception of practices, institutions, and internal/external goods. However, we argue that some of his latest insights about the virtues of acknowledged dependence and human vulnerability remain underdeveloped (...) because of the underlying anthropology that neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics relies on. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Polo's transcendental anthropology as a possible foundation of a personalist approach that enriches virtue ethics. To do so, we address how transcendental anthropology can enrich two central aspects of virtue ethics, namely (1) the understanding of human beings and their flourishing and (2) the relationship of virtue to praxis and human work. Finally, to address the practical implications for business leadership and work that can derive from assuming transcendental anthropology, we address how servant leadership acquires a new perspective in light of this personalism and its logic of gift, highlighting interpersonal self-giving as a way of service. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene tres partes. La primera se centra en la santidad de Dios desde los textos bíblicos, siendo esta fuente de toda otra santidad, la cual se manifiesta en su belleza, su verdad y su bondad. La segunda desarrolla la invitación divina al hombre de vivir esta santidad en el proyecto original de la creación, así como la pobre respuesta del ser humano. La tercera mira al futuro en el que Dios ha prometido llevar a cabo la santificación (...) de los hombres. (shrink)

The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows the state of air pollution in a unique and more understandable way. This work aims to forecast the AQI in Algeciras (Spain) 8 hours in advance. The AQI is calculated indirectly through the predicted concentrations of five pollutants (O3, NO2, CO, SO2 and PM10) to achieve this goal. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and a newly proposed method combing a rolling window with the latter (LSTMNA) are employed as the (...) forecasting techniques. Besides, two input approaches are evaluated: using only the data from the own time series of the pollutant in the first case or adding exogenous variables in the second one. Several window sizes are employed (24, 28 and 72 hours) with ANNs and LSTMNAs. Additionally, several feature ranking methods are applied in the exogenous approach to select the most relevant lagged variables to feed the models. Results show how the proposed exogenous approach increases the performance of the prediction models. Besides, the newly proposed method LSTMNA provides the best performances in most of the cases evaluated. Hence, it constitutes an exciting alternative to standard LSTMs and ANNs to predict pollutants concentrations and, consequently, the AQI. (shrink)

This paper takes a phenomenological perspective regarding the difficulties encountered in daily life by man in prehistory. I argue that the economics of beingnecessarily establishes man as a being that must make choices. Of these, man must eventually arrive at the realization that higher, rather than lower choices will safeguard human survival, well being and allow for prosperity. The economics of being is a form of identifying economic choice-making as a natural disposition of man’s. It is the latter condition that (...) makes man act in the world. However, even though man must act, action cannot be blind. Instead, human action is motivated and guided by man’s sense of interiority. That is, man’s existential capacity for self-reflection is also what can deliver us to autonomous rule. This form of reflective choice-making is a creative act. The paper attempts to trace this aspect of the human condition back to prehistory, in order to demonstrate that societies, institutions, invention, technology, artistic creation and economic responsibility come about as the result of human industriousness. None of the aforementioned are creations of modern man. (shrink)

Success semantics is a theory of content that characterizes the truth-conditions of mental representations in terms of the success-conditions of the actions derived from them. Nanay : 151-165, 2013) and Dokic and Engel have revised this theory in order to defend it from the objections that assailed its previous incarnations. I argue that both proposals have seemingly decisive flaws. More specifically, these revised versions of the theory fail to deal adequately with the open-ended possibility of unforeseen obstacles for the success (...) of our actions. I suggest that the problem of ignored obstacles undermines success semantics quite generally, including alternative formulations such as Blackburn’s. (shrink)

Gender discrimination continues to be a problem in organizations. It is therefore important that organizations use performance evaluation methods that ensure equal opportunities for men and women. This article reports the results of an experiment to investigate whether and, if so, how the gender of the rater and that of the ratee moderate the relationship between the level of subjectivity in performance appraisals and organizational attractiveness. Participants in the experiment were 313 undergraduate students. We predicted, and indeed established, that as (...) the probability increases that employee performance is evaluated by a female manager, women expect more positive outcomes of subjective, but not objective evaluation processes. Our data did not support our expectation that as the probability of being evaluated by a female manager increases, men expect less positive outcomes of subjective evaluation processes. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of why women are over-represented in jobs with objective formula-based reward systems, such as piece-rate systems. They are also of interest to organizations that are looking for more ethical human resource management practices. (shrink)

Philip Kitcher is among the key philosophers of science of our times. This volume offers an up to date analysis of his philosophical perspective taking into account his views on scientific realism and democratic society. The contributors to the volume focus on four different aspects of Kitcher’s thought: the evolution of his philosophy, his present views on scientific realism, the epistemological analysis of his modest realism, and his conception of scientific practice. In the final chapter, the philosopher replies to his (...) critics. The volume will be of interest to philosophers as well as anyone interested in the relation between science and society. (shrink)

Social innovations (SIs) offer creative solutions to complex social problems and often require the exchange of necessary resources, knowledge, and expertise among various actors. These actors form an ecosystem that can support the development of successful SIs. In this special topic forum introduction, we first discuss the literature related to the support function of ecosystems. We use the theoretical lens of prosocial behavior to explain the various types of support in an ecosystem. We argue that there are three archetypes of (...) support in ecosystems, namely, altruistic, communitarian, and commercial support. Subsequently, we present the three papers accepted for publication in the special topic forum. One paper refers to the three support archetypes, although indirectly, while the other two refer to one specific archetype of ecosystem support for SIs. This introductory paper concludes with discussion on the opportunities for future research. Without a clear understanding of the different archetypes of support, it would be difficult for both scholars and practitioners to design vibrant ecosystems in assistance to SI. (shrink)

Este artículo de investigación explora los factores relacionados con el cambio social por la educación en jóvenes en contextos de pobreza y marginación en Veracruz. Para tal efecto, recupera datos del levantamiento de información de un proyecto sobre jóvenes mediante un enfoque cualitativo realizado en ciudades medias de ese estado, en el cual se estudiaba la participación política de los jóvenes, pero el tema educativo era muy importante para comprender las trayectorias juveniles. Nuestro artículo es derivado de la investigación “Promover (...) espacios para la participación cívica, la inclusión y la reducción de la Violencia” patrocinado por el IDRC (Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo de Canadá). La cual se enfocó en la inclusión social y la ciudadanía de los jóvenes en entornos de violencia, vulnerabilidad y exclusión en el estado de Veracruz. Se llevó a cabo en colaboración con la Universidad Veracruzana, el Centro de Servicios Municipales (CESEM) y el Movimiento de Apoyo a Niños Trabajadores y de la Calle (MATRACA-AC) durante al 2017 al 2020. El levantamiento del proyecto del cual recuperamos datos para este trabajo consistió en 20 grupos focales, 46 entrevistas a jóvenes y 14 a docentes en Xalapa, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz y Poza Rica ciudades del Estado de Veracruz. Los datos indican que, al menos, existen cinco factores que constriñen los proyectos educativos juveniles: ingreso familiar, aspiraciones, contexto social, redes sociales y apoyo docente. Estos elementos de combinación contingente determinan las trayectorias juveniles individuadas en el campo escolar y pueden explicar tanto la permanencia como el abandono de la escuela en estas ciudades. (shrink)

Corinne de González De Léon; Classificatory Schemes and the Justification of Educational Content: a re-interpretation of the Hirstian approach, Journal of Philo.

El TDAH constituye un trastorno de gran frecuencia en la niñez. Se caracteriza por patrones persistentes de desatención, hiperactividad-impulsividad. La condición de TDAH se ha asociado con el mecanismo cerebral cognitivo de auto regulación conocido como Funciones Ejecutivas. El presente trabajo de carácter cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal se focalizó en describir y comparar el rendimiento de Funciones Ejecutivas según padres y profesores en una muestra de escolares con y sin diagnóstico de TDAH. La metodología considero la administración de pruebas de (...) diagnóstico de TDAH y de evaluación de FE a través del Inventario Comprensivo de Funciones Ejecutivas. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre la evaluación de padres y profesores, como también entre las pruebas administradas. Los padres tenderían a evaluar el rendimiento de funciones ejecutivas en términos más flexibles que los docentes. (shrink)

Early adolescence is a developmental stage that comprises some basic interactional processes with parents, which can be described as gaining autonomy while maintaining relatedness. Studying how maternal and paternal involvement influence the life satisfaction of sons and daughters during early adolescence is especially important while seeking to understand the challenges of this developmental stage. In this paper, we investigate the differential effects of maternal and paternal involvement, as assessed by sons and daughters, on their life satisfaction during early adolescence. We (...) use a unique survey conducted in Chile, The National Survey on Student Trajectories and Transitions, focusing on a subsample of 497 early adolescents attending 5th to 8th grade. Our findings indicate that both paternal and maternal involvement are positively correlated with the life satisfaction of adolescents. We also find that the gender of adolescents moderates the effect of maternal involvement, so daughters who deemed the involvement of their mothers to be more positive reported greater life satisfaction. More positive paternal involvement correlates with greater life satisfaction for sons and daughters. We discuss some mechanisms that might bring about these differences. (shrink)

Lo que la sociedad contemporánea necesita es integrar la mayor parte de lo que hasta ahora ha sido excluido, ignorado o despreciado. Utilizando la terminología hegeliana podemos decir que el Modernismo formuló una tesis que pretendía ser verdadera. Esa fue la fase afirmativa, que que, sin embargo, era sólo parcial. En consecuencia surgió una antítesis, la que se denomina Postmodernismo. Esta es la fase negativa, que se ha revelado también incompleta. Ahora nos vemos obligados a buscar una síntesis de las (...) dos fases anteriores, la verdad en un nivel superior. (shrink)

Dean MacCannell (Washington, 1940), catedrático emérito de paisajismo de la Universidad de California en Davis, es un autor de referencia internacional en antropología, sociología y ética del turismo, con obras fundamentales como _The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class _(1976), _Empty Meeting Grounds_ (1992) – ambas publicadas en España por la editorial Melusina- o _The Ethics of Sightseeing_ (2011). Considerando que uno de los principales atractivos de su obra es su capacidad para captar la relación entre el turismo (...) y las transformaciones culturales y socio-económicas de los últimos cincuenta años, quisimos dirigirle una serie de preguntas para profundizar sobre su obra y reflexionar sobre el turismo en el mundo post-pandemia de la Covid-19. (Traducción al español a cargo de Carmen González). (shrink)

The development in 1996 of a new generation of antiretroviral drugs was a major pharmaceutical advancement in the struggle against the epidemics of HIV and AIDS. However, due to high costs, access to these new drugs was almost impossible for most people living with HIV or AIDS. This situatiowhas been even more dramatic for those living with HIV/AIDS in poorer countries. Many of the organizations that are fighting for the rights of those with HIV have since developed human rights advocacy (...) and legal strategies to try to achieve universal access to treatment. These organizations are also fighting for states’ compliance with human rights obligations under health-related treatises and conventions. This paper draws upon the experience gained in Latin America, focusing on the legal strategies that have been explored in Venezuela and the legal consequences for domestic law. (shrink)