It is shown in Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory that Cκ, the Axiom of Choice for κ-indexed families of arbitrary sets, is equivalent to the condition that the frame envelope of any κ-frame is κ-Lindelöf, for any cardinal κ.

Name der Zeitschrift: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie Jahrgang: 65 Heft: 1 Seiten: 89-105.

Based on the argument that violence has a parasitic quality rather than an essence of its own, this article seeks to bring to light the conversion processes through which violence crystallises out of, as well as into, various phenomena. Violence is first examined in terms of the relation between perpetrator and victim with, however, an emphasis on the fact that violence cannot be reduced to the intention or the act of the perpetrator. On the contrary, violence is shown to have (...) the character of pathos and to open up a dimension of which the act itself is only a part. Further, the author argues that in being directed towards the other, violence harbours a performative contradiction: by turning the addressee into a thing to be destroyed, the addressing act cancels itself. The paper also sets out to identify the breeding grounds of violence, which, due to its capacity for conversion, can be detected in various phenomena that are not necessarily linked to violence. This means that violence can resort to various mechanisms and can emerge in multiple fields of activity: in bureaucracy, economics, medicine, politics, war, and most importantly, in everyday life, hidden under inconspicuous but sometimes pervasive forms. Finally, the metamorphoses of violence are shown to ultimately rest on the temporal character of violence, which implies that violence has a time of preparation and an aftermath. (shrink)

This paper describes the automated classification of legal norms in German statutes with regard to their semantic type. We propose a semantic type taxonomy for norms in the German civil law domain consisting of nine different types focusing on functional aspects, such as Duties, Prohibitions, Permissions, etc. We performed four iterations in classifying legal norms with a rule-based approach using a manually labeled dataset, i.e., tenancy law, of the German Civil Code ). During this experiment the \ score continuously improved (...) from 0.52 to 0.78. In contrast, a machine learning based approach for the classification was implemented. A performance of \ was reached. Traditionally, machine learning classifiers lack of transparency with regard to their decisions. We extended our approach using so-called local linear approximations, which is a novel technique to analyze and inspect a trained classifier’s behavior. We can show that there are significant similarities of manually crafted knowledge, i.e., rules and pattern definitions, and the trained decision structures of machine learning approaches. (shrink)

In den USA ist die anthropologische, ethnographische und philosophische Diskussion uber posthumanes Menschsein in vollem Gange, in Deutschland eher verhalten.

An ambitious work that endorses a broad approach, it argues strongly against the roles both of truth theory and of radical interpretation. Weiss discusses a range of relevant themes relating to language, including translation, interpretation, normativity, community, and rules in order to reshape our understanding of language. A rigorous and systematic analysis, How to Understand Language advances the work of key thinkers in the area.

An ambitious work that endorses a broad approach, it argues strongly against the roles both of truth theory and of radical interpretation. Weiss discusses a range of relevant themes relating to language, including translation, interpretation, normativity, community, and rules in order to reshape our understanding of language. A rigorous and systematic analysis, How to Understand Language advances the work of key thinkers in the area.

Michael Dummett's approach to the metaphysical issue of realism through the philosophy of language, his challenge to realism, and his philosophy of language itself are central topics in contemporary analytic philosophy and have influenced the work of other major figures such as Quine, Putnam, and Davidson. This book offers an accessible and systematic presentation of the main elements of Dummett's philosophy. This book's overarching theme is Dummett's discussion of realism: his characterization of realism, his attack on realism, and his invention (...) and exploration of the anti-realist position. This book begins by examining Dummett's views on language. Only against that setting can one fully appreciate his conception of the realism issue. With this in place, Weiss returns to Dummett's views on the nature of meaning and understanding to unfold his challenge to realism. Weiss devotes the remainder of this book to examining the anti-realist position. He discusses anti-realist theories of meaning and then investigates anti-realism's revisionary consequences. Finally, he engages with Dummett's discussion of two difficult challenges for the anti-realist: the past and mathematics. (shrink)

Die Beiträge zur Altertumskunde enthalten Monographien, Sammelbände, Editionen, Übersetzungen und Kommentare zu Themen aus den Bereichen Klassische, Mittel- und Neulateinische Philologie, Alte Geschichte, Archäologie, Antike Philosophie sowie Nachwirken der Antike bis in die Neuzeit. Dadurch leistet die Reihe einen umfassenden Beitrag zur Erschließung klassischer Literatur und zur Forschung im gesamten Gebiet der Altertumswissenschaften.

Das Thema Leib ist langst nicht mehr nur auf die traditionelle phanomenologische Forschung beschrankt. Das leibliche Sein betrifft vielmehr die Situation des Menschen an sich. Die Anthropologie des 20. Jh. bedarf angesichts der Ergebnisse der Ethologie, der Genomforschung und der Neurowissenschaften einer Revision. Die hier formulierte Version einer empirisch orientierten transklassischen Phanomenologie thematisiert den menschlichen Leib philosophisch neu und begrundet so eine leiborientierte Anthropologie fur das 21. Jahrhundert. Kern dieser Anthropologie ist nicht eine biologische Definition, sondern das leibliche In-der-Welt-Sein des (...) Menschen. Dieses leibliche Sein definiert sich durch die Fahigkeit, mit sich selbst, mit anderen und mit der Natur angemessen umgehen zu konnen. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Leibliches Verhalten, sei es Gehen, Wahrnehmen, Sprechen, Hantieren, Essen oder raumzeitliche Orientierung, entspringt diesseits von Natur und Kultur einer Lebenswelt, in der alles mehr oder weniger natürlich vorgeprägt wie künstlich geformt ist. Es vollzieht sich in zwischenleiblichem Verkehr mit Anderen. Es verkörpert sich in einer Zwischensphäre von Werkzeugen, Apparaturen, Medien und Symbolen. Es zehrt von einer natürlichen Vorgeschichte. In seiner Doppelrolle als Leibkörper bildet der Leib eine „Umschlagstelle” zwischen Natur und Kultur, zwischen Eigenem und Fremdem. So fungiert die Natur (...) innerhalb der Lebenswelt, bevor sie sich in Form alltäglicher Störungen, methodisch und technisch herbeigeführter Eingriffe oder pathologischer Spaltungen absondert. Unser Leib ist nicht aus einem Guss. Reine Natur und reine Kultur sind Konstrukte der Moderne, die aus einer naturalistischen oder kulturalistischen Leibvergessenheit resultieren. (shrink)

We further develop a previously introduced method of constructing forcing notions with the help of morasses. There are two new results: (1) If there is a simplified (ω 1 , 1)-morass, then there exists a ccc forcing of size ω 1 that adds an ω 2 -Suslin tree. (2) If there is a simplified (ω 1 , 2)-morass, then there exists a ccc forcing of size ω 1 that adds a 0-dimensional Hausdorff topology τ on ω 3 which has spread (...) s(τ) = ω 1 . While (2) is the main result of the paper, (1) is only an improvement of a previous result, which is based on a simple observation. Both forcings preserve GCH. To show that the method can be changed to produce models where CH fails, we give an alternative construction of Koszmider's model in which there is a chain 〈X α | α < ω 2 〉 such that X α ⊆ ω 1 , X β — X α is finite and X α — X β has size ω 1 for all β < α < ω 2. (shrink)

This volume introduces a model of the human physical mind that puts the concept of competence at the center of its analysis, constructing a post-positivistic, postmodern and post-analytic philosophy of the human mind that combines empirical-instrumental phenomenology and neo-hermeneutics. German text. Contents: Die Neurowissenschaften: Topographie des menschlichen Gehirns und die Architektur des menschlich-leiblichen Geistes - Cognitive Science: Unterschiede maschineller und menschlicher Intelligenz - Explizite psychisch-geistige Kompetenzen: Erfahrung, Erinnerung,Wissen, Bewusstsein - Freiheit, Handlungskompetenz und Selbsterkenntnis: leiblicher Geist und menschliche Personlichkeit.

In L’institution, la passivité. Notes de cours au Collège de France (1954-1955), Maurice Merleau-Ponty develops approaches to a concept of the unconscious that can also be relevant to a mental philosophy from the perspective of cognitive science and AI in the tradition of continental philosophy. I consider this all the more important as previous attempts at an analytical philosophy of AI tend to remain stuck in Cartesian or Platonic dualism, which – as a dream of Silicon Valley – could encourage (...) gnostic thinking (Irrgang 2021). (shrink)

O presente artigo parte da ideia de que o conceito conservativo-conservador de sustentabilidade (das florestas, por exemplo) deve ser combinado com a ideia inovadora do ponto de vista tecnológico-económico de desenvolvimento sustentável de modo a formar uma ideia reguladora de desenvolvimento sustentável de acordo com um modelo aberto. O artigo defende que o desenvolvimento tecnológico pode do ponto de vista cultural e institucional ser organizado de uma forma mais sustentável, muito embora a sustentabilidade não tenha ainda sido alcançada tanto do (...) ponto de vista global como do regional Para o autor do artigo, o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável não é umo ideologia, muito embora a mera consideração anti-capitalista do problema da protecção do ambiente seja passivel de ser considerada ideológica. Segundo o artigo, a protecção da sobrevivencia não deve ser vista em oposição ao desenvolvimento sustentável, antes sim como um ponto de partida para a busca de estratégias e caminhos de sustentabilidade no desenvolvimento. Uma ética do futuro tampouco constitui modelo unilateral relativo às questões de etica ambiental. Segundo o autor, porém, todos os componentes do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentdvel tornados em conjunto resultam numa heuristica de busca pragmáticamente suficiente e adequada para todo e qualquer processo de desenvolvimento sustentável. /// The conservative-conserving concepts of sustainability (offorestry, f. e.) should be combined with the innovative technological-economical idea of sustainable development to a regulative idea of sustainable development according to an open model. Technological development could institutionally-culturally be organised in a more sustainable way, even though sustainability has neither globally nor regionally been reached yet. The concept of sustainability is no ideology, while a simple anticapitalistic view of the conservation problem appears to be ideological itself. Protection of survival is not to be seen as an opposition to sustainable development, but as a starting point of search-strategies for paths of sustainable development. Future-Ethics is also not an explicit search-pattern for questions of ecological ethics. The combined components of the model of sustainable development result in a pragmatically sufficient Search-Heuristics for sustainable development. (shrink)

Anhand der Bearbeitungen zweier Opernstoffe möchte der Aufsatz zu einer Neubewertung der barocken Opernlibretti anregen. Die enge Verbindung zwischen Musik- und Sprechtheater in der Barockzeit sowie die Veränderungen in bezug auf Affektdarstellung, Rollenspiel, komische Figur und Bühnenbild werden im Hinblick auf den Wandel vom höfischen zum bürgerlichen Normensystem interpretiert. The function of baroque opera libretti is illustrated by comparing different versions of two operatic plots. The close links between musical and spoken drama in the baroque period, as well as the (...) differences in the expression of passions, role-playing, comic characters and stage sets are interpreted in the context of the process in which a courtly set of norms was supplanted by a bourgeois one. (shrink)