This book analyses the moral theory of the seventh century Indian Mahayana master, Santideva. Santideva is the author of the well-known religious poem the Bodhicaryavatara (Entering the Path of Enlightenment) , as well as the significant, but relatively overlooked, Siksasamuccaya (Compendium of Teachings) . Both of these works describe the nature and path of the bodhisattva, the altruistic spiritual ideal especially exalted in Mahayana literature. With particular focus on the Siksasamuccaya , this work offers a response to three questions: What (...) is Santideva's moral theory? How does it compare to other analyses of Buddhist ethics? Can one moral theory adequately describe Buddhist moral thought? An exegetical account of the bodhisattva path as outlined in the Siksasamuccaya is provided by textual analysis and translations. The central moral concept of this Buddhist thinker and Santideva's ethical presuppositions and moral reasoning are brought to light by analysing the use of key moral terms and comparing them to other Buddhists' principles. It is also considered in relation to dominant Western ethical theories. By focusing on a neglected Buddhist Sanskrit text by a major Mahayana figure, Barbra Clayton helps to redress a significant imbalance in the scholarship on Buddhist ethics, which has up to now focused primarily on the ethics of the Pali literature and as interpreted in the Theravada tradition. (shrink)

De natureza qualitativo-interpretativista, nosso estudo objetiva relacionar a educação linguística crítico-decolonial, bem como nossas experiências de vida e formação com as praxiologias freirianas. Redigimos narrativas autobiográficas a partir do questionamento: Como se deu seu primeiro encontro com a práxis freiriana? Produzimos, ainda, uma narrativa biográfica de Paulo, em bricolagem, com dados encontrados em cinco de suas obras. Como resultado de nossos esforços, acreditamos que este texto fortaleceu nosso sonho de vivenciar uma educação pública de qualidade, que encoraje mais sujeitos na (...) luta em defesa dos/as oprimidos/as pela raça, gênero e condição social. (shrink)

This paper considers the use of textual analysis of oral histories as a method for historians of nursing. Fifty‐three oral histories of retired nurses in midwestern USA were analyzed for the purpose of historical reconstruction of past education experiences in nursing. Textual analysis was used to determine how nurses made sense of their educational experiences, and it involved gathering data, analyzing the information, and using a different method of interpreting the data. Although the participants responded to specific questions, the oral (...) histories in this study are more than mere answers to the researchers’ queries. The participants’ memories are narratives that are the joint product of both the historian and the participant. As such, the oral history becomes a text to be stored along with other primary sources for future historians’ use. The research also suggests decentering oral histories from an exclusively academic agenda and focusing more on what the participants choose to remember and why they make those choices. (shrink)

Background:Collaboration between physicians and nurses is key to improving patient care. We know very little about collaboration and interdisciplinary practice in African healthcare settings.Research question/aim:The purpose of this study was to explore the ethical challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration in clinical practice and education in Botswana Participants and research context: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 39 participants (20 physicians and 19 nurses) who participated in semi-structured interviews at public hospitals purposely selected to represent the three levels of hospitals in (...) Botswana (referral, district, and primary).Ethical considerations:Following Institutional Review Board Approval at the University of Pennsylvania and the Ministry of Health in Botswana, participants’ written informed consent was obtained.Findings:Respondents’ ages ranged from 23 to 60 years, and their duration of work experience ranged from 0.5 to 32 years. Major qualitative themes that emerged from the data centered on the nature of the work environment, values regarding nurse–doctor collaboration, the nature of such collaboration, resources available for supporting collaboration and the smooth flow of work, and participants’ views about how their work experiences could be improved.Discussion:Participants expressed concerns that their work environment compromised their ability to provide high-quality and safe care to their patients. The physician staffing structure was described as consisting of a few specialists at the top, a vacuum in the middle that should be occupied by senior doctors, and junior doctors at the bottom—and not a sufficient number of nursing staff.Conclusion:Collaboration between physicians and nurses is critical to optimizing patients’ health outcomes. This is true not only in the United States but also in developing countries, such as Botswana, where health care professionals reported that their ethical challenges arose from resource shortages, differing professional attitudes, and a stressful work environment. (shrink)

Prof. Barbara Stanosz była wieloletnią wykładowczynią Instytutu Filozofii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. W swej pracy naukowej zajmowała się głównie – choć nie wyłącznie – teorią języka, w szczególności semantyką oraz problemami logicznego opisu wyrażeń językowych. Jest autorką cenionych podręczników: to właśnie jej zawdzięczamy słynne Ćwiczenia z logiki – cieszący się ogromną popularnością zbiór zadań, ułatwiających przyswojenie materiału z zakresu rachunku zdań, logiki predykatów i teorii zbiorów. Warto wspomnieć, że oprócz aktywności naukowo-dydaktycznej rozwijała również działalność społeczną, będąc gorącą orędowniczką idei neutralności światopoglądowej (...) państwa... (shrink)

Professor Barbara Stanosz was a years-long lecturer at the Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw. In her work she mainly – but not exclusively – focused on the theory of language, particularly semantics and the issues of logical description of phrases in language. She was an author of renowned textbooks, including the famous Ćwiczenia z logiki [Exercises in logic], a vastly popular exercise book helping students to acquire the material on propositional logic, predicate logic and set theory. It is (...) worth mentioning that besides her academic and teaching activities, she was also a social activist and a great supporter of the state’s worldview neutrality. She died on 7th June 2014. (shrink)