This article explores how historical narratives affect the evaluation of political decisions regarding justice during peace negotiations. Specifically, this study evaluates how different narratives of the Colombian armed conflict relate to the preference for either restorative or retributive justice. Results revealed that a historically accurate narrative that included structural elements correlated with the preference for restorative justice, whereas a schematic narrative that focused on individual greed favoured the preference for retributive justice. These results are explained in terms of the characteristics (...) of expert historical narratives, which include structural elements, such as economic and institutional factors. The presence of these elements in the explanation of conflicts decreases the weight of individual decisions and, in this way, prevent ingroup attributional biases. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare many of the inadequacies of our capitalist systems, as Žižek extols in Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World. This essay explores how the capabilities approach, as outlined by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, may be re-examined in the light of this new viral reality by the contributions of Slavoj Žižek and Byung-Chul Han. The capability approach, as it stands, suffers from two missing pieces: that of an acknowledgement of the necessity of negativity as a foil (...) to positivity within the capabilities as articulated by Nussbaum, and the existence of the material root of all capabilities, namely the need to have the capacity to be capable. A “capability for boredom,” and a “zeroth capability” are discussed as solutions, means by which to fill these gaps. Finally, an universal basic income is discussed as a means by which to support the functioning of a “zeroth capability,” the goal being to avoid a descent into bare life during this time of pandemic capitalism. (shrink)

Leonardo Polo proposes a diversity of times according to its difference with regard to the mental presence as actuality, from which it is necessary to differ, in turn, the now, though one and another are of mental condition. We propose different levels of knowledge to understand the now in sensible things, but not without the intellectual circular objectivation, based in an interpretation of the Aristotelian notion of the hò pote ón.

CONTENIDO: El medioevo de los ilustrados - El medioevo de los marxistas - El medioevo de Michel Foucault - El medioevo de la historia de las mentalidades - El medioevo de Humberto Eco - Los escritos neotestamentarios San Pablo y el helenismo - La escolástico y los escolásticos.

This study examines the relationship between cooperative business relations in small businesses and environmental protection, one of the most important policies of social responsibility in manufacturing. We reviewed the literature and carried out an empirical study of 930 small manufacturing firms in Spain. Results indicate that small businesses that maintain and improve their cooperative relations through business networking with universities, competitors, suppliers and customers spend more on environmental protection. The managerial, practical, research and policy implications of the obtained research findings (...) are discussed. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda los engranajes entre escritura y ciudadanía que plantea el poemario de Elvira Hernández, Estado de sitio. Para ello, considera los factores de orden sociocultural que acompañaron su producción, circulación y recepción crítica, en el contexto del estallido social de octubre 2019 en Chile, la coyuntura feminista y el actual proceso constituyente. Hitos de nuestra historia reciente frente a los cuales la poeta se posiciona ética y estéticamente desde una concepción política de la palabra como litigio, (...) esto es, una disputa –discursiva y social– por la enunciación de (en) lo común. (shrink)

El artículo intenta hacer una reflexión filosófica sobre la depresión, desde la melancolía. Para ello, incursiona etimológica, paremiológica, histórica y conceptualmente en dicho concepto; de estas incursiones, sobresale una tesis: Frente a la melancolía, cabe la afirmación de la vida, desde el conatus spinozista y la tranquilidad del ánimo senequiano.

El artículo intenta mostrar cómo la mística del Maestro Eckhart es la sumersión en la nada silente de Dios como plenitud vacía y vacío pleno, en el desierto de la abundancia divina del no ser del ser de Dios, gracias al cumplimiento de la voluntad divina como ascenso que la cumple sin cumplirla. Para ello, analiza la vida, la obra y el pensamiento del Maestro con base en sus textos El libro del consuelo divino, El fruto de la nada, Vida (...) eterna y conocimiento divino, Ecos de la Edad Media. Termina con un epílogo en el que se analiza el grano de mostaza en donde se aclara lo del desierto abundante de la nada silente de Dios como el de muchos nombres sin nombre. (shrink)

El artículo describe aspectos significativos de la conformación histórica del método clínico y hace referencia a personalidades que influyeron desde la medicina hipocrática hasta el siglo XX, detallándose los valores éticos y morales que lo caracterizaban y sus desafíos ante la sociedad. Se significa la necesidad de una reforma de pensamiento de los profesionales de la Medicina, que permita abrir nuevas perspectivas y contribuya a la reflexión siendo revertido en una conducta humanista y atención médica con calidad, con la respectiva (...) satisfacción de la población tal como se pide en los lineamientos del Partido. The article describes significant aspects of the historical formation of the clinical method and refers to personalities that influenced since The Hippocratic Medicine until the 20th Century, making emphasis on the ethical and moral values that characterized it and its challenges before the society. The need for a reform of the medical professionals thinking is meant, which allows to open new perspectives and contributes to the reflection being reversed in a humanist behaviour and a qualified medical care, with the respective satisfaction of the population as requested in the guidelines of the party. (shrink)

Burnout syndrome and obesity are two growing conditions that affect employees’ health and company productivity. Recently, several studies have pointed to a possible relationship between both phenomena. However, such a relationship has not been clearly defined. This research analyzes the relationship between BS dimensions and body mass index, the latter being treated as a moderator variable among obese senior and middle managers in the Mexican maquiladora industry through a structural equation model. A total of 361 senior and middle managers completed (...) both the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey [with emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy as subscale dimensions] and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between EE and PE, with BMI acting as a moderator variable. The results showed that when BMI increases as a moderator variable, the strength of the relationship between EE and PE also changes. For example, although PE had a negative value of 0.14 before the moderator effect, the value increased up to 0.32 when the BMI was factored into the relationship. Therefore, maquiladora industries are being advised to increase their investments on the identification and prevention of employees’ EE and obesity. Such interventions would promote a better quality of life and could prevent economic losses resulting from poor employee performance. (shrink)

Las múltiples estrategias que ofrece el arte contemporáneo, particularmente el de la escena, son revisitados a partir de las formulaciones que, desde hace unos años, creadores, investigadores y académicos están proponiendo. La presencia física y en la realidad virtual, el evento y la extrema realidad, así como la precariedad, debatida y ejecutada en performances y textos de Europa y Estados Unidos han sido el centro de varias discusiones que aquí se actualizan a través de la creación artística de mujeres mexicanas (...) y los entornos en los que se involucran. El seguimiento esta vez enfatiza la construcción de una “vida” que da sentido al mundo, como parte de los procesos de “escrituras” expandidas, donde la “presencialidad”, las mediaciones y la precariedad permiten diálogos con diferentes realidades en las que las nuevas tecno-logías son un soporte relevante a tener en cuenta. (shrink)

This paper aims to improve knowledge about the main factors influencing firm environmental commitment, by examining empirically the relationship between public support for R&D for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and their investment in environmental protection. The empirical analysis was developed using a sample of 1594 Spanish firms, and a binary logistic regression to evaluate the existence of dependency relationships between the analyzed variables. The results show that those companies receiving direct funding from local public entities and those collaborating with (...) research centers and universities, invest more in environmental actions to protect the natural ecosystem. The paper contributes to the academic literature by analyzing the main factors that influence the SMEs environmental commitment. Moreover, showing practitioners and policy makers the effectiveness of different types of financial support depending on the origin of the funds and the form of action taken; showing managers the advantages of collaborating with public administrations, as well as with other research organizations, to obtain better ECSR results. (shrink)

In deduction the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion because the conclusion is contained in the premises; because of that many philosophers have denied the possibility of gaining knowledge through deduction or through deductive reasoning, which leads to a problem known as the paradox of inference. To address this problem, I propose a distinction between deductive reasoning as a cognitive process capable of generating new knowledge, and implication as a logical relation between propositions, which accounts for (...) deduction’s validity, and I present scientific evidence to underpin this proposal. En la deducción la verdad de las premisas garantiza la verdad de la conclusión porque la conclusión está contenida en las premisas; por ello varios filósofos han negado la posibilidad de obtener conocimientos a través de la deducción o del razonamiento deductivo, dando lugar a un problema que se conoce como paradoja de la inferencia. Pare enfrentar este problema propongo distinguir entre el razonamiento deductivo como proceso cognitivo capaz de generar conocimientos nuevos y la implicación deductiva como una relación lógica entre proposiciones que da cuenta de la validez de la deducción, y presento evidencia científica que apoya esta propuesta. (shrink)

The functional capabilities that consciousness seems to provide to biological systems can supply valuable principles in the design of more autonomous and robust technical systems. These functional concepts keep a notable similarity to those underlying the notion of operating system in software engineering, which allows us to specialize the computer metaphor for the mind into that of the operating system metaphor for consciousness. In this article, departing from these ideas and a model-based theoretical framework for cognition, we present an architectural (...) proposal for machine consciousness, called the Operative Mind. According to it, machine consciousness could be implemented as a set of services, in an operative system fashion, based on modeling of the own control architecture, that supervise the adequacy of the system architectural structure to the current objectives, triggering and managing adaptativity mechanisms. (shrink)

Este texto muestra que para Bergson la intuición de la duración es una alternativa a la visión cuantificadora de la inteligencia acerca de la temporalidad. En este sentido la filosofía y la termodinámica se relacionan, ya que las dos piensan que existe una reinterpretación de la temporalidad que tiene como características la creatividad y la irreversibilidad; esta reinterpretación ayuda a romper con la representación del mundo creada por el sentido común y el internet, en la que el orbe puede ser (...) deducido a partir de del establecimiento de un conjunto de leyes que determinan el comportamiento de sus elementos. (shrink)

La Segunda Guerra Mundial y las atrocidades cometidas en investigaciones con los prisioneros en los campos de concentración nazis y japoneses, despertaron la conciencia por el desarrollo de los derechos humanos que se habían conquistado paulatinamente a lo largo de la historia. Por ello se conforman una serie de leyes, normas y declaraciones donde se tratan los aspectos bioéticos en los ensayos clínicos. Se debe prestar vital atención a la relación médico-paciente en el curso de las investigaciones y considerar la (...) relación beneficio/riesgo cuando se va a experimentar en seres humanos. La retinopatía diabética proliferativa es una de las afecciones oftalmológicas que más ensayos ha suscitado. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar algunos aspectos éticos en la experimentación en pacientes con esta afección. The Second World War and the atrocities committed in research with prisoners in Japanese and Nazi concentration camps, awakened consciousness for the development of human rights that had gradually been conquered throughout history. That´s why a series of laws, rules and statements that deal with bioethical aspects in clinical trials, were passed. Special attention must be given to the doctor-patient relationship during the research and consider the benefit/risk ratio when conducting experiments on human beings. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the ophthalmological disorders that has given rise to more trials. The research goal is to analyze some ethical aspects when experimenting on patients with this condition. (shrink)

Current information technology policies and approaches in Colombia do not support development policies that address the structural causes of poverty. Even worse, they alienate poor people1 from technology. This condition does not allow communities to construct their own development. Instead, they pressure communities to copy and follow foreign technological models. Our experience in Colombian rural schools suggests a conceptual framework that allows people to form creative and autonomous communities and organizations, to develop their own technologies, to innovate, and to promote (...) technological movements in their socioeconomical environments. (shrink)

This article examines the changing landscape of public service provision in the UK during austerity. Austerity is presented through the notions of retrenchment, decentralisation and shifts in governance. The analysis shows that retrenchment and decentralisation eroded the capacity of public institutions to protect the provision of vital public services. This is revealed through the reduced provision of non-statutory services and the reinforcement of inequalities in service provision. Shifts in governance have led to mixed outcomes in the quality of services. This (...) article also addresses how austerity influenced many of the problems observed in service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vital public services in the UK faced the pandemic with a diminished resource base, heightened inequalities and significant fragmentation in service provision. (shrink)

A traditional aspect of model theory has been the interplay between formal languages and mathematical structures. This dissertation is concerned, in particular, with the relationship between the languages of relevant logic and Routley-Meyer models. One fundamental question is treated: what is the expressive power of relevant languages in the Routley-Meyer framework? In the case of finitary relevant propositional languages, two answers are provided. The first is that finitary propositional relevant languages are the fragments of first order logic preserved under relevant (...) directed bisimulations. The second is that, when we restrict our attention to what can be labelled as De Morgan models, we can obtain an analogue of Lindström's theorem for finitary propositional relevant languages. Furthermore, it is shown that a preservation theorem characterizing the expressive power of infinitary relevant languages in classical infinitary languages follows as a consequence of an interpolation theorem for classical infinitary logic. In addition, algebraic characterizations of the classes of Routley-Meyer models axiomatizable in relevant propositional languages, incompactness of infinitary relevant propositional languages and the expressive power of quantificational relevant languages are discussed. A final chapter is devoted to the study of relevant languages as second order frame languages. In particular we devote our attention to the problem of which properties expressible by relevant languages are elementary and which are not. An algebraic characterization of such elementary properties together with some examples of non first order properties axiomatizable in relevant logic are given. Finally, a Sahlqvist-van Benthem algorithm showing that relevant formulas with a certain syntactic form express calculable first order properties at the level of frames is established. (shrink)