Results for ' stimulus attributes'

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  1.  13
    Stimulus attributes and drive in paired-associate learning.Herbert Levitt & Albert E. Goss - 1961 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 62 (3):243.
  2.  8
    Categorization time with categories defined by disjunctions and conjunctions of stimulus attributes.Raymond S. Nickerson - 1967 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 73 (2):211.
  3.  20
    Infant perceptual and conceptual categorization: the roles of static and dynamic stimulus attributes.Martha E. Arterberry & Marc H. Bornstein - 2002 - Cognition 86 (1):1-24.
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  4.  24
    The retention of automatically and effortfully encoded stimulus attributes.Norman R. Ellis & Timothy C. Rickard - 1989 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27 (4):299-302.
  5. The relation of the attributes of sensation to the dimensions of the stimulus.Edwin G. Boring - 1935 - Philosophy of Science 2 (2):236-245.
    It is the traditional view of psychology that the attributes of sensation show a one-to-one correspondence to the dimensions of the stimulus. Some such view is also implicit in the naïve epistemology of the physicist. He often thinks of pitch as if it were the perception of the frequency of a tone, but that view soon runs into difficulties. Within psychology it was Wundt who originally equipped sensation with two attributes, quality and intensity, thus making sensations mirror (...)
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  6.  16
    Consciousness can overflow report: Novel evidence from attribute amnesia of a single stimulus.Rui Wang, Yingtao Fu, Luo Chen, Yutong Chen, Jifan Zhou & Hui Chen - 2021 - Consciousness and Cognition 87:103052.
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  7.  25
    Stimulus-response generalization with discrete response choices.Gustav Levine - 1960 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 60 (1):23.
  8.  31
    Psychological Restoration Can Depend on Stimulus-Source Attribution: A Challenge for the Evolutionary Account?Andreas Haga, Niklas Halin, Mattias Holmgren & Patrik Sörqvist - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  9.  43
    Psychophysical scaling: Judgments of attributes or objects?Gregory R. Lockhead - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):543-558.
    Psychophysical scaling models of the form R = f, with R the response and I some intensity of an attribute, all assume that people judge the amounts of an attribute. With simple biases excepted, most also assume that judgments are independent of space, time, and features of the situation other than the one being judged. Many data support these ideas: Magnitude estimations of brightness increase with luminance. Nevertheless, I argue that the general model is wrong. The stabilized retinal image literature (...)
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  10. Poverty of the Stimulus Revisited.Robert C. Berwick, Paul Pietroski, Beracah Yankama & Noam Chomsky - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (7):1207-1242.
    A central goal of modern generative grammar has been to discover invariant properties of human languages that reflect “the innate schematism of mind that is applied to the data of experience” and that “might reasonably be attributed to the organism itself as its contribution to the task of the acquisition of knowledge” (Chomsky, 1971). Candidates for such invariances include the structure dependence of grammatical rules, and in particular, certain constraints on question formation. Various “poverty of stimulus” (POS) arguments suggest (...)
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  11.  8
    Perceiving a negatively connoted stimulus imply enhanced performances: the case of a moving object.Thibaut Brouillet, Sebastien Delescluse, Loris Schiaratura, Stephane Rusinek & Alhadi Chafi - 2013 - Polish Psychological Bulletin 44 (3):331-336.
    Most studies on verticality’s embodiment showed that up positions were related to positive emotions whereas down positions were related to negative ones. Research on motion perception found that a parabolic motion both induced animation attribution and implied negative feelings. We hypothesized that seeing a parabolic downward motion will increase both the memorization for words and the execution’s speed of a serial subtraction compared to a parabolic upward motion. Results showed that the downward motion had enhancing effects both on the serial (...)
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  12.  58
    Context-specific prime-congruency effects: On the role of conscious stimulus representations for cognitive control.Alexander Heinemann, Wilfried Kunde & Andrea Kiesel - 2009 - Consciousness and Cognition 18 (4):966-976.
    Recent research suggests that processing of irrelevant information can be modulated in a rapid online fashion by contextual information in the task environment depending on the usefulness of that information in different contexts. Congruency effects evoked by irrelevant stimulus attributes are smaller in contexts with high proportions of incongruent trials and larger in contexts with high proportions of congruent trials . The present study investigates these context-adaptation effects in a masked-priming paradigm. Context-specific adaptation effects transfer to stimulus (...)
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  13.  30
    Processing attributes and judging objects.Dominic W. Massaro - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (3):601-602.
    Given that psychophysical responses are not a function of a single property but vary with a variety of stimulus and context variables, Lockhead has little hope for laws relating behavior to the environment. However, progress can be made with tasks that manipulate multiple sources of information to test formal information-processing models.
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  14.  18
    Effects of pretraining and stimulus composition on rule learning.Peter J. Johnson & Roger H. White - 1969 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 80 (3p1):450.
  15.  68
    The Poverty of the Moral Stimulus.John Mikhail - 2008 - In Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (ed.), Moral Psychology Volume 1. MIT Press.
    One of the most influential arguments in contemporary philosophy and cognitive science is Chomsky's argument from the poverty of the stimulus. In this response to an essay by Chandra Sripada, I defend an analogous argument from the poverty of the moral stimulus. I argue that Sripada's criticism of moral nativism appears to rest on the mistaken assumption that the learning target in moral cognition consists of a series of simple imperatives, such as "share your toys" or "don't hit (...)
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  16.  16
    Yukatek Maya Children's Attributions of Belief to Natural and Non-natural Entities.Nicola Knight - 2008 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 8 (3-4):235-243.
    A sample of Yukatek Maya children was tested on their capacity to attribute false beliefs to a variety of stimuli, both natural and non-natural. Children's capacity to correctly infer that humans have limited perceptual access, and are, therefore, not likely to know what is inside a container if the contents have been surreptitiously replaced, is shown to have significant consequences. Children who passed the test with the human stimulus showed a nuanced capacity to attribute similar or dissimilar knowledge to (...)
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  17.  21
    The effects of post-stimulus elaboration, background valence, and item salience on the emotion-induced memory trade-off.Shu An, Weibin Mao, Sida Shang & Lili Kang - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (8):1676-1689.
    The effect of emotion on memory often leads to the trade-off: enhanced memory for emotional items comes at the cost of memory for background information. Although this effect is usually attributed...
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  18.  23
    Selection strategies in concept attainment as a function of number of persons and stimulus display.Patrick R. Laughlin - 1965 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 70 (3):323.
    The selection strategies of individuals and 2-person cooperative groups were investigated in 5 concept-attainment problems. 2 types of stimulus displays were used: (a) form displays, consisting of geometric forms varying in 6 attributes with 2 levels of each, (b) sequence displays, consisting of 6 plus and/or minus signs in a row. The arrangement of cards in the stimulus displays was ordered or random. The principal results were: (a) 2-person groups used the focusing strategy more, required fewer card (...)
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  19.  13
    Exploring youth consumer behavior in the context of mobile short video advertising using an extended stimulus–organization–response model.Kun Tian, Wenxia Xuan, Lijie Hao, Wenjing Wei, Dongping Li & Lu Zhu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:933542.
    Under the hit of the epidemic, an increasing number of young people exchange and purchase goods by watching and resorting to mobile short video advertisements. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the influence mechanism of mobile short video advertising on the consumption behavior of young people. This study develops a theoretical framework including fashion, socialization, entertainment, personalization, brand, psychological needs, satisfaction, and consumption behavior using a stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory. The data from 332 young people using mobile short (...)
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  20.  19
    The selective perception and recognition of single words from competing dichotic stimulus pairs.G. Bonanno - 1992 - Consciousness and Cognition 1 (3):241-264.
    Five experiments are reported that concern selective perception and representation following dichotic presentations of competing word pairs differing only in their initial consonants . Only one word from each pair tended to be subjectively perceived, even when participants were encouraged to guess two words. Robust selective perception effects were evidenced as a function of stimulus affective valence. Control tasks showed that these effects could not be attributed to report biases or to the acoustic properties of the stimuli. The unreported (...)
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  21.  13
    Generalization of an instrumental response with variation in two attributes of the CS.Sheldon H. White - 1958 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 56 (4):339.
  22.  15
    How to Make Correct Predictions in False Belief Tasks without Attributing False Beliefs: An Analysis of Alternative Inferences and How to Avoid Them.Ricardo Augusto Perera & Sofia Inês Albornoz Stein - 2018 - Philosophies 3 (2):10.
    The use of new paradigms of false belief tasks allowed to reduce the age of children who pass the test from the previous 4 years in the standard version to only 15 months or even a striking 6 months in the nonverbal modification. These results are often taken as evidence that infants already possess an—at least implicit—theory of mind. We criticize this inferential leap on the grounds that inferring a ToM from the predictive success on a false belief task requires (...)
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  23.  21
    Recognition of objects by physical attributes.D. A. Booth - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):759-760.
    [Comment, pp 759-780] Lockhead (1992) [Target Article] is undoubtedly right to attack so-called intensity scaling or the estimation of subjective magnitudes as an invalid perversion of tasks requiring quantitative judgments of aspects of objects, stuffs, and situations. He goes too far, however, in claiming that feature scales do not exist... ... A perceived physical pattern (sensory feature or channel) and the cognitive process that integrates it with its context are characterized by determining to which particular combination of specified stimulus (...)
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  24. Malinee somchiwong.Attributed To Congenital - 1990 - Journal of Biosocial Science 22:159.
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  25.  22
    Derek W STRIJBOS Radboud University Nijmegen Leon C. de BRUIN Ruhr—University of Bochum.Reason Attribution - 2012 - Grazer Philosophische Studien, Vol. 86-2012 86:157 - 180.
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  26. Leonard wj Van der kuijp.Logic Attributed to Klong Chen Rab - 2003 - Journal of Indian Philosophy 31:380.
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  27.  16
    Philosophy, Solipsism and Thought, HO MOUNCE.Knowing-Attributions as Endorsements - 1997 - Philosophy 47 (186).
  28.  29
    A replication of selective attention and coding in visual perception.Ralph Norman Haber - 1964 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 67 (4):402.
  29.  43
    Consciousness and cognition may be mediated by multiple independent coherent ensembles.E. Roy John, Paul Easton & Robert Isenhart - 1997 - Consciousness and Cognition 6 (1):3-39.
    Short-term or working memory provides temporary storage of information in the brain after an experience and is associated with conscious awareness. Neurons sensitive to the multiple stimulus attributes comprising an experience are distributed within many brain regions. Such distributed cell assemblies, activated by an event, are the most plausible system to represent the WM of that event. Studies with a variety of imaging technologies have implicated widespread brain regions in the mediation of WM for different categories of information. (...)
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  30.  55
    Gradations of awareness in a modified sequence learning task.Elisabeth Norman, Mark C. Price, Simon C. Duff & Rune A. Mentzoni - 2007 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (4):809-837.
    We argue performance in the serial reaction time task is associated with gradations of awareness that provide examples of fringe consciousness [Mangan, B. . Taking phenomenology seriously: the “fringe” and its implications for cognitive research. Consciousness and Cognition, 2, 89–108, Mangan, B. . The conscious “fringe”: Bringing William James up to date. In B. J. Baars, W. P. Banks & J. B. Newman , Essential sources in the scientific study of consciousness . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.], and address limitations (...)
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  31.  22
    Psychophysical scaling methods reveal and measure context effects.Gregory R. Lockhead - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (3):607-612.
    People cannot make independent judgements of stimulus attributes and so (Lockhead 1992, p. 551) rather than in terms of stimulus features. The new commentaries here further this statement and also support the observations in the target article that psychophysical scaling methods allow us to measure (1) how context determines judgments and (2) what people remember about prior stimuli.
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  32.  40
    No difference between conscious and nonconscious visuomotor control: Evidence from perceptual learning in the masked prime task☆.Friederike Schlaghecken, Elisabeth Blagrove & Elizabeth A. Maylor - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):84-93.
    Negative compatibility effects in the masked-prime paradigm are usually obtained when primes are masked effectively. With ineffective masks—and primes above the perceptual threshold—positive compatibility effects occur. We investigated whether this pattern reflects a causal relationship between conscious awareness and low-level motor control, or whether it reflects the fact that both are affected in the same way by changes in physical stimulus attributes. In a 5-session perceptual learning task, participants learned to consciously identify masked primes. However, they showed unaltered (...)
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  33.  26
    Ignoring Color in Transparency Perception.Peter Kramer & Paola Bressan - 2010 - Rivista di Estetica 43:147-159.
    Human beings are among the species with the best color perception of all mammals. Yet, transparency can be perceived in scenes in which color cues point to opacity. Why do we ignore such color cues? Here we argue that colors, rather than being passively registered, must be actively recreated and then bound to other stimulus attributes. In this process, the visual system faces fundamental problems, some of which are logically impossible to solve. The resulting unreliability of color perception (...)
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  34. Singing Numbers… in Cognitive Space — A Dual‐Task Study of the Link Between Pitch, Space, and Numbers.Martin H. Fischer, Marianna Riello, Bruno L. Giordano & Elena Rusconi - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (2):354-366.
    We assessed the automaticity of spatial-numerical and spatial-musical associations by testing their intentionality and load sensitivity in a dual-task paradigm. In separate sessions, 16 healthy adults performed magnitude and pitch comparisons on sung numbers with variable pitch. Stimuli and response alternatives were identical, but the relevant stimulus attribute (pitch or number) differed between tasks. Concomitant tasks required retention of either color or location information. Results show that spatial associations of both magnitude and pitch are load sensitive and that the (...)
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  35.  44
    More than meets the eye: Implicit perception in legally blind individuals.Alan S. Brown, Michael R. Best & David B. Mitchell - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (3):996-1002.
    Legally blind participants were able to identify a visual stimulus attribute in the absence of consciously identifying its presence. Specifically, participants—with their corrective lenses removed—correctly guessed the hour-hand position above chance on a clockface shown on a computer screen. This occurred both when presented in a 1-clockface display , as well as when shown a display containing 4 clockfaces , in which only 1 face contained a hand. Even more striking, hand identification accuracy in the 4-clockface condition was comparable (...)
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  36.  2
    Relative Ontology and Method of Scientific Theory of Consciousness.Petr M. Kolychev & Колычев Петр Михайлович - 2023 - RUDN Journal of Philosophy 27 (2):316-331.
    Consciousness is defined as operating with the meanings of representations, which are what arises in mind under the influence of a stimulus (primary representations) as well as what arises as a result of their transformation (secondary, combined representations). In a first approximation, a representation is expressed by words. The concept of “representation” is a special case of the concept of “information-certainty”, which is the result of distinction. Any distinction is a distinction by a specific attribute and representation is the (...)
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  37.  71
    Brain stimulation and conscious experience: Electrical stimulation of the cortical surface at a threshold current evokes sustained neuronal activity only after a prolonged latency.Daniel A. Pollen - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 15 (3):560-565.
    Libet demonstrated that a substantial duration (>0.5-1.0 s) of direct electrical stimulation of the surface of a sensory cortex at a threshold or liminal current is required before a subject can experience a percept. Libet and his co-workers originally proposed that the result could be due either to spatial and temporal facilitation of the underlying neurons or additionally to a prolonged central processing time. However, over the next four decades, Libet chose to attribute the prolonged latency for evoking conscious experience (...)
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  38.  27
    Generalisation of threat expectancy increases with time.Arne Leer, Dieuwke Sevenster & Miriam J. J. Lommen - 2019 - Cognition and Emotion 33 (5):1067-1075.
    Excessive fear generalisation is a feature characteristic of clinical anxiety and has been linked to its aetiology. Previous animal studies have shown that the mere passage of time increases fear generalisation and that brief exposure to training cues prior to long-term testing reverses this effect. The current study examined these phenomena in humans. Healthy participants learned the relationship between the presentation of a picture of a neutral male face and the delivery of a mild shock. One group was immediately tested (...)
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  39.  14
    Embodied simulation as part of affective evaluation processes: Task dependence of valence concordant EMG activity.André Weinreich & Jakob Maria Funcke - 2014 - Cognition and Emotion 28 (4):728-736.
    Drawing on recent findings, this study examines whether valence concordant electromyography (EMG) responses can be explained as an unconditional effect of mere stimulus processing or as somatosensory simulation driven by task-dependent processing strategies. While facial EMG over the Corrugator supercilii and the Zygomaticus major was measured, each participant performed two tasks with pictures of album covers. One task was an affective evaluation task and the other was to attribute the album covers to one of five decades. The Embodied Emotion (...)
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  40.  28
    Too Cute for Words: Cuteness Evokes the Heartwarming Emotion of Kama Muta.Kamilla Knutsen Steinnes, Johanna Katarina Blomster, Beate Seibt, Janis H. Zickfeld & Alan Page Fiske - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:428867.
    A configuration of infantile attributes including a large head, large eyes, with a small nose and mouth low on the head comprise the visual baby schema or Kindchenschema that English speakers call “cute.” In contrast to the stimulus gestalt that evokes it, the evoked emotional response to cuteness has been little studied, perhaps because the emotion has no specific name in English, Norwegian, or German. We hypothesize that cuteness typically evokes kama muta, a social-relational emotion that in other (...)
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  41. Varieties of grapheme-colour synaesthesia: A new theory of phenomenological and behavioural differences.Jamie Ward, Ryan Li, Shireen Salih & Noam Sagiv - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (4):913-931.
    Recent research has suggested that not all grapheme-colour synaesthetes are alike. One suggestion is that they can be divided, phenomenologically, in terms of whether the colours are experienced in external or internal space. Another suggestion is that they can be divided according to whether it is the perceptual or conceptual attributes of a stimulus that is critical. This study compares the behavioural performance of 7 projector and 7 associator synaesthetes. We demonstrate that this distinction does not map on (...)
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  42.  7
    Processing emotions from faces and words measured by event-related brain potentials.Liina Juuse, Kairi Kreegipuu, Nele Põldver, Annika Kask, Tiit Mogom, Gholamreza Anbarjafari & Jüri Allik - 2023 - Cognition and Emotion 37 (5):959-972.
    Affective aspects of a stimulus can be processed rapidly and before cognitive attribution, acting much earlier for verbal stimuli than previously considered. Aimed for specific mechanisms, event-related brain potentials (ERPs), expressed in facial expressions or word meaning and evoked by six basic emotions – anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, and surprise – relative to emotionally neutral stimuli were analysed in a sample of 116 participants. Brain responses in the occipital and left temporal regions elicited by the sadness in facial (...)
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  43.  58
    Cognitive/affective processes, social interaction, and social structure as representational re-descriptions: their contrastive bandwidths and spatio-temporal foci.Aaron V. Cicourel - 2006 - Mind and Society 5 (1):39-70.
    Research on brain or cognitive/affective processes, culture, social interaction, and structural analysis are overlapping but often independent ways humans have attempted to understand the origins of their evolution, historical, and contemporary development. Each level seeks to employ its own theoretical concepts and methods for depicting human nature and categorizing objects and events in the world, and often relies on different sources of evidence to support theoretical claims. Each level makes reference to different temporal bandwidths (milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, (...)
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  44.  36
    Common valence coding in action and evaluation: Affective blindness towards response-compatible stimuli.Andreas B. Eder & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2007 - Cognition and Emotion 21 (6):1297-1322.
    A common coding account of bidirectional evaluation–behaviour interactions proposes that evaluative attributes of stimuli and responses are coded in a common representational format. This assumption was tested in two experiments that required evaluations of positive and negative stimuli during the generation of a positively or negatively charged motor response. The results of both experiments revealed a reduced evaluative sensitivity (d′) towards response-compatible stimulus valences. This action–valence blindness supports the notion of a common valence coding in action and evaluation.
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  45.  71
    Is blindsight an effect of scattered light, spared cortex, and near-threshold vision?John Campion, Richard Latto & Y. M. Smith - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (3):423-86.
    Blindsight is the term commonly used to describe visually guided behaviour elicited by a stimulus falling within the scotoma (blind area) caused by a lesion of the striate cortex. Such is normally held to be unconscious and to be mediated by subcortical pathways involving the superior colliculus. Blindsight is of considerable theoretical importance since it suggests that destriate man is more like destriate monkey than had been previously believed and also because it supports the classical notion of two visual (...)
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  46.  30
    Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation.Debbie E. McGhee - unknown
    Using the Implicit Association Test, recent experiments have demonstrated a strong and automatic positive evaluation of White Americans and a relatively negative evaluation of African Americans. Interpretations of this finding as revealing pro-White attitudes rest critically on tests of alternative interpretations, the most obvious one being perceivers’ greater familiarity with stimuli representing White Americans. The reported experiment demonstrated that positive attributes were more strongly associated with White than Black Americans even when pictures of equally unfamiliar Black and White individuals (...)
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  47. The Stoic Appeal to Expertise: Platonic Echoes in the Reply to Indistinguishability.Simon Shogry - 2021 - Apeiron 54 (2):129-159.
    One Stoic response to the skeptical indistinguishability argument is that it fails to account for expertise: the Stoics allow that while two similar objects create indistinguishable appearances in the amateur, this is not true of the expert, whose appearances succeed in discriminating the pair. This paper re-examines the motivations for this Stoic response, and argues that it reveals the Stoic claim that, in generating a kataleptic appearance, the perceiver’s mind is active, insofar as it applies concepts matching the perceptual (...). I argue that this claim is reflected in the Stoic definition of the kataleptic appearance, and that it respects their more general account of mental representation. I further suggest that, in attributing some activity to the mind in creating each kataleptic appearance, and in claiming that the expert’s mind allows her to form more kataleptic appearances than the amateur, the Stoics draw inspiration from the wax tablet model in Plato’s Theaetetus (190e–196d), where Socrates distinguishes the wise from the ignorant on the basis of how well they match sensory input with its appropriate mental ‘seal’ (σφραγίς). (shrink)
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  48.  94
    Pre-requisites for conscious awareness: Clues from electrophysiological and behavioral studies of unilateral neglect patients.L. Deouell - 2002 - Consciousness and Cognition 11 (4):546-567.
    Encoding sensory events entails processing of several physical attributes. Is the processing of any of these attributes a pre-requisite of conscious awareness? This selective review examines a recent set of behavioral and event-related potentials, studies conducted in patients with visual and auditory unilateral neglect or extinction, with the aim of establishing what aspects of initial processing are impaired in these patients. These studies suggest that extinguished visual stimuli excite the sensory cortices, but perhaps to a lesser degree than (...)
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  49.  39
    Prior-entry: A review.Charles Spence & Cesare Parise - 2010 - Consciousness and Cognition 19 (1):364-379.
    The law of prior entry was one of E.B. Titchener’s seven fundamental laws of attention. According to Titchener : “the object of attention comes to consciousness more quickly than the objects which we are not attending to.” Although researchers have been studying prior entry for more than a century now, progress in understanding the effect has been hindered by the many methodological confounds present in early research. As a consequence, it is unclear whether the behavioral effects reported in the majority (...)
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  50. A little history goes a long way toward understanding why we study consciousness the way we do today.Joseph LeDoux, Matthias Michel & Hakwan Lau - 2020 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1.
    Consciousness is currently a thriving area of research in psychology and neuroscience. While this is often attributed to events that took place in the early 1990s, consciousness studies today are a continuation of research that started in the late 19th century and that continued throughout the 20th century. From the beginning, the effort built on studies of animals to reveal basic principles of brain organization and function, and of human patients to gain clues about consciousness itself. Particularly important and our (...)
     
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