Results for 'Schulze, Klaas'

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  1.  22
    General dual measures of riskiness.Klaas Schulze - 2015 - Theory and Decision 78 (2):289-304.
    Aumann and Serrano :810–836, 2008) introduce the axiom of duality, which ensures that risk measures respect comparative risk aversion. This paper characterizes all dual risk measures by a simple equivalent condition. This equivalence provides a decomposition result and a construction method, which is used to analyze concrete dual measures. Moreover, this paper aims to extend this characterization to the most general setting. Compared with Aumann and Serrano, it, therefore, relaxes the axiom of positive homogeneity, and allows for risk-neutral and risk-seeking (...)
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  2. Does God Matter? Essays on the Axiological Implications of Theism.Klaas J. Kraay (ed.) - 2018
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  3. Theism and Modal Collapse.Klaas J. Kraay - 2011 - American Philosophical Quarterly 48 (4):361.
    God is traditionally taken to be a necessarily existing being who is unsurpassably powerful, knowledgeable, and good. The familiar problem of actual evil claims that the presence of gratuitous suffering in the actual world constitutes evidence against the existence of such a being. In contrast, the problem of possible evil claims that the possibility of bad worlds constitutes evidence against theism. How? It seems plausible to suppose that there are very bad possible worlds. But if God exists in every world, (...)
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  4. Theism, Possible Worlds, and the Multiverse.Klaas J. Kraay - 2010 - Philosophical Studies 147 (3):355 - 368.
    God is traditionally taken to be a perfect being, and the creator and sustainer of all that is. So, if theism is true, what sort of world should we expect? To answer this question, we need an account of the array of possible worlds from which God is said to choose. It seems that either there is (a) exactly one best possible world; or (b) more than one unsurpassable world; or (c) an infinite hierarchy of increasingly better worlds. Influential arguments (...)
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  5.  8
    Foundations of Quantum Theory: From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras.Klaas Landsman - 2017 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    This book studies the foundations of quantum theory through its relationship to classical physics. This idea goes back to the Copenhagen Interpretation (in the original version due to Bohr and Heisenberg), which the author relates to the mathematical formalism of operator algebras originally created by von Neumann. The book therefore includes comprehensive appendices on functional analysis and C*-algebras, as well as a briefer one on logic, category theory, and topos theory. Matters of foundational as well as mathematical interest that are (...)
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  6.  29
    The Axiology of Theism.Klaas J. Kraay - 2021 - Cambridge University Press.
    Theism is the view that God exists; naturalism is the view that there are no supernatural beings, processes, mechanisms, or forces. This Element explores whether things are better, worse, or neither on theism relative to naturalism. It introduces readers to the central philosophical issues that bear on this question, and it distinguishes a wide range of ways it can be answered. It critically examines four views, three of which hold that things are better on theism than on naturalism, and one (...)
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  7.  21
    Gods goedheid houdt ons staande.Klaas Bom - 2001 - Bijdragen 62 (1):68-87.
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  8. Orgeloffenbarung : Maarten 't Hart inszeniert religiöse Erfahrung.Klaas Huizing - 2018 - In Walter Sparn, Joar Haga, Sascha Salatowsky, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann & Wolfgang Schoberth (eds.), Das Projekt der Aufklärung: philosophisch-theologische Debatten von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart: Walter Sparn zum 75. Geburtstag. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt.
  9.  15
    Zur Diskussion um Gottes Verborgenheit.Klaas Zwanepol - 2006 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 48 (1):51-59.
    ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf eine starke und auf eine schwache Seite von Bayers Zugang zu Luthers Theologie. So wird als Stärke angesehen, dass das Thema der Rechtfertigung in Luthers Theologie als allumfassend angesetzt wird. Dagegen besteht eine Schwäche in der Art und Weise, wie Bayer durch Luthers Dialektik der zwei Arten, in denen Gott sich verbirgt – also verborgen »unter dem Gegenteil« und absolut verborgen – hindurch bricht, indem er die beiden trennt und diese Aufteilung als Kriterium verwendet, um (...)
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  10.  23
    Wirklichkeit und Reflexion: Walter Schulz z. 60. Geburtstag.Walter Schulz & Helmut Fahrenbach (eds.) - 1973 - Pfullingen: Neske,:
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  11. Knowing That P without Believing That P.Blake Myers-Schulz & Eric Schwitzgebel - 2013 - Noûs 47 (2):371-384.
    Most epistemologists hold that knowledge entails belief. However, proponents of this claim rarely offer a positive argument in support of it. Rather, they tend to treat the view as obvious and assert that there are no convincing counterexamples. We find this strategy to be problematic. We do not find the standard view obvious, and moreover, we think there are cases in which it is intuitively plausible that a subject knows some proposition P without—or at least without determinately—believing that P. Accordingly, (...)
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  12.  37
    Is Motivated Submaximization Good Enough for God?Klaas J. Kraay - 2021 - Religious Studies.
    In a recent article (Kraay 2013), I argued that some prominent responses to two important arguments for atheism invoke divine satisficing – and that the coherence and propriety of this notion have not been established. Chris Tucker (2016) agrees with my evaluation of divine satisficing, but disagrees with my exegesis of these responses. He argues that they should be understood as invoking motivated submaximization instead. After reviewing the dialectical situation to date, I assess whether motivated submaximization can be deployed in (...)
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  13.  22
    Bohmian Mechanics is Not Deterministic.Klaas Landsman - 2022 - Foundations of Physics 52 (4):1-17.
    I argue that Bohmian mechanics cannot reasonably be claimed to be a deterministic theory. If one assumes the “quantum equilibrium distribution” provided by the wave function of the universe, Bohmian mechanics requires an external random oracle in order to describe the algorithmic randomness properties of typical outcome sequences of long runs of repeated identical experiments. This oracle lies beyond the scope of Bohmian mechanics, including the impossibility of explaining the randomness property in question from “random” initial conditions. Thus the advantages (...)
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  14.  18
    Counterfactuals and Probability.Moritz Schulz - 2017 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
    Moritz Schulz explores counterfactual thought and language: what would have happened if things had gone a different way. Counterfactual questions may concern large scale derivations or small scale evaluations of minor derivations. A common impression, which receives a thorough defence in the book, is that oftentimes we find it impossible to know what would have happened. However, this does not mean that we are completely at a loss: we are typically capable of evaluating counterfactual questions probabilistically: we can say what (...)
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  15. The Theistic Multiverse: Problems and Prospects.Klaas J. Kraay - 2012 - In Yujin Nagasawa (ed.), Scientific Approaches to the Philosophy of Religion. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 143--162.
    In recent decades, there has been astonishing growth in scientific theorizing about multiverses. Once considered outré or absurd, multiple universe theories appear to be gaining considerable scientific respectability. There are, of course, many such theories, including (i) Everett’s (1957) many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, defended by Deutsch (1997) and others; (ii) Linde’s (1986) eternal inflation view, which suggests that universes form like bubbles in a chaotically inflating sea; (iii) Smolin’s (1997) fecund universe theory, which proposes that universes are generated (...)
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  16.  92
    Absence of Evidence and Evidence of Absence.Klaas J. Kraay - 2007 - Faith and Philosophy 24 (2):203-228.
    I defend the first premise of William Rowe’s well-known arguments from evil against influential criticisms due to William Alston. I next suggest that the central inference in Rowe’s arguments is best understood to move from the claim that we have an absence of evidence of a satisfactory theodicy to the claim that we have evidence of absence of such a theodicy. I endorse the view which holds that this move succeeds only if it is reasonable to believe that (roughly) if (...)
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  17. God and Gratuitous Evil (Part I).Klaas J. Kraay - 2016 - Philosophy Compass 11 (12):905-912.
    In contemporary analytic philosophy, the problem of evil refers to a family of arguments that attempt to show, by appeal to evil, that God does not exist. Some very important arguments in this family focus on gratuitous evil. Most participants in the relevant discussions, including theists and atheists, agree that God is able to prevent all gratuitous evil and that God would do so. On this view, of course, the occurrence of even a single instance of gratuitous evil falsifies theism. (...)
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  18. Persistent bias in expert judgments about free will and moral responsibility: A test of the Expertise Defense.Eric Schulz, Edward T. Cokely & Adam Feltz - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (4):1722-1731.
    Many philosophers appeal to intuitions to support some philosophical views. However, there is reason to be concerned about this practice as scientific evidence has documented systematic bias in philosophically relevant intuitions as a function of seemingly irrelevant features (e.g., personality). One popular defense used to insulate philosophers from these concerns holds that philosophical expertise eliminates the influence of these extraneous factors. Here, we test this assumption. We present data suggesting that verifiable philosophical expertise in the free will debate-as measured by (...)
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  19. Megill’s Multiverse Meta-Argument.Klaas J. Kraay - 2013 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 73 (3):235-241.
    In a recent paper in this journal, Jason Megill (2011) offers an innovative meta-argument which deploys considerations about multiple universes in an effort to block all arguments from evil. In what follows, I contend that Megill has failed to establish a key premise in his meta-argument. I also offer a rival account of the effect of multiverse models on the debate about evil.
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  20.  16
    Ultrafilters of Character $omega_1$.Klaas Pieter Hart - 1989 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 54 (1):1-15.
    Using side-by-side Sacks forcing, it is shown that it is consistent that $2^\omega$ be large and that there be many types of ultrafilters of character $\omega_1$.
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  21.  6
    Eugenio Coseriu: Past, Present and Future.Klaas Willems & Cristinel Munteanu (eds.) - 2021 - De Gruyter.
    The volume is published on the occasion of the birth centennial of Eugenio Coseriu (1921–2002). It is the first collective volume to appear in English in which various scholars present a variety of perspectives on Coseriu’s scholarly work and discuss its continuing relevance for the language sciences. Coseriu’s international reputation has suffered from his commitment to publish in languages such as Spanish, German, French, Italian, Romanian and Portuguese, to the detriment of English. As a consequence, his work is less well-known (...)
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  22.  12
    Edmund Husserl.Klaas Willems - 2005 - In Siobhan Chapman & Christopher Routledge (eds.), Key thinkers in linguistics and the philosophy of language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 133--139.
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  23.  41
    Free-energy and the brain.Karl Friston & Klaas Stephan - 2007 - Synthese 159 (3):417-458.
    If one formulates Helmholtz’s ideas about perception in terms of modern-day theories one arrives at a model of perceptual inference and learning that can explain a remarkable range of neurobiological facts. Using constructs from statistical physics it can be shown that the problems of inferring what cause our sensory inputs and learning causal regularities in the sensorium can be resolved using exactly the same principles. Furthermore, inference and learning can proceed in a biologically plausible fashion. The ensuing scheme rests on (...)
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  24. Epistemic modals and informational consequence.Moritz Schulz - 2010 - Synthese 174 (3):385 - 395.
    Recently, Yalcin (Epistemic modals. Mind, 116 , 983–1026, 2007) put forward a novel account of epistemic modals. It is based on the observation that sentences of the form ‘ & Might ’ do not embed under ‘suppose’ and ‘if’. Yalcin concludes that such sentences must be contradictory and develops a notion of informational consequence which validates this idea. I will show that informational consequence is inadequate as an account of the logic of epistemic modals: it cannot deal with reasoning from (...)
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  25. Inherent emotional quality of human speech sounds.Blake Myers-Schulz, Maia Pujara, Richard C. Wolf & Michael Koenigs - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (6):1105-1113.
    During much of the past century, it was widely believed that phonemes--the human speech sounds that constitute words--have no inherent semantic meaning, and that the relationship between a combination of phonemes (a word) and its referent is simply arbitrary. Although recent work has challenged this picture by revealing psychological associations between certain phonemes and particular semantic contents, the precise mechanisms underlying these associations have not been fully elucidated. Here we provide novel evidence that certain phonemes have an inherent, non-arbitrary emotional (...)
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  26.  55
    Degrees of Doxastic Justification.Moritz Schulz - 2022 - Erkenntnis 87 (6):2943-2972.
    This paper studies degrees of doxastic justification. Dependency relations among different beliefs are represented in terms of causal models. Doxastic justification, on this picture, is taken to run causally downstream along appropriate causal chains. A theory is offered which accounts for the strength of a derivative belief in terms of (i) the strength of the beliefs on which it is based, and (ii) the epistemic quality of the belief-forming mechanisms involved. It is shown that the structure of degrees of justification (...)
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  27.  48
    Pragmatic Meaning and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: The Case of Exhaustive Interpretation.Katrin Schulz & Robert van Rooij - 2006 - Linguistics and Philosophy 29 (2):205 - 250.
    In this paper an approach to the exhaustive interpretation of answers is developed. It builds on a proposal brought forward by Groenendijk and Stokhof (1984). We will use the close connection between their approach and McCarthy's (1980, 1986) predicate circumscription and describe exhaustive interpretation as an instance of interpretation in minimal models, well-known from work on counterfactuals (see for instance Lewis (1973)). It is shown that by combining this approach with independent developments in semantics/pragmatics one can overcome certain limitations of (...)
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  28.  30
    William L. Rowe’s A Priori Argument For Atheism.Klaas J. Kraay - 2005 - Faith and Philosophy 22 (2):211-234.
    William Rowe’s a posteriori arguments for the non-existence of God are well-known. Rather less attention has been given, however, to Rowe’s intriguing a priori argument for atheism. In this paper, I examine the three published responses to Rowe’s a priori argument (due to Bruce Langtry, William Morris, and Daniel and Frances Howard-Snyder, respectively). I conclude that none is decisive, but I show that Rowe’s argument nevertheless requires more defence than he provides.
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  29.  16
    One Philosopher's Bug can be Another's Feature: Reply to Almeida's 'Multiverse and Divine Creation'.Klaas J. Kraay - 2018 - Religions 9 (1).
    Michael Almeida once told me that he thought we were just a couple of hours of conversation away from reaching deep agreement about some important topics in the philosophy of religion pertaining to God, multiverses, and modality. This paper represents my attempt to move this conversation forward and to seek this common ground. Specifically, I respond to Almeida’s paper entitled “The Multiverse and Divine Creation”. In the first four sections, I record my disagreement with him concerning some smaller matters. In (...)
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  30. Incommensurability, Incomparability, and God’s Choice of a World.Klaas J. Kraay - 2011 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 69 (2):91 - 102.
    Anselmian theism holds that there necessarily exists a being, God, who is essentially unsurpassable in power, knowledge, goodness, and wisdom. This being is also understood to be the creator and sustainer of all that is. In contemporary analytic philosophy of religion, this role is generally understood as follows: God surveys the array of possible worlds, and in his wisdom selects exactly one for actualization, based on its axiological properties. In this paper, I discuss an under-appreciated challenge for this account of (...)
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  31.  26
    L.M. Fields, An anonymous dialog with a Jew. Introduction, translation and notes. Turnhout, Brepols Publishers, 2012.Klaas Bentein - 2013 - Byzantion 83.
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  32.  5
    Der Wille zur Relevanz: die Sprachforschung und ihre Förderung durch die DFG 1920-1970.Klaas-Hinrich Ehlers - 2010 - Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
    English summary: German linguistics, formerly internationally inspiring, fell into a deep crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century. Since the First World War, those in the field have been looking for ways to regain its lost scientific and social recognition. This desire for relevance was particularly clear when practitioners of the different approaches to linguistic innovation competed for the scarce resources of public research funding. The remaining funding documents of the German Research Foundation demonstrate which specific linguistic approaches were (...)
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  33.  13
    Das jüdische Apriori. Die Bedeutung der Religionsphilosophie Cohens für den jüdisch-christlichen Dialog.Klaas Huizing - 1995 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 37 (1):75-95.
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  34.  21
    Gier! Versuch einer Aushöhlung.Klaas Huizing - 2011 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 53 (3):251-264.
    ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das Gefühl der Gier als die misslungene Antwort auf die existenzielle Grundangst und Grundsorge des Menschen. Literatur deutet der Autor als Archiv der Gefühle, hier der Gier. Im zweiten Teil diskutiert der Essay die Deutung von Goethes Faust durch den Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Hans Christoph Binswanger, der die magische Struktur des Wirtschaftens und damit die Habgier als Motor einer auf Wachstum ausgerichteten Wirtschaft entdeckt. Über das Gleichnis vom reichen Kornbauern erschließt der Autor den biblischen Phänomenbestand der Gier: Die (...)
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  35.  6
    Wächserne Nase. Kleine Apologie einer Theologie des Lesens.Klaas Huizing - 1992 - Neue Zeitschrift für Systematicsche Theologie Und Religionsphilosophie 34 (2):200-218.
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  36.  25
    De tragedie van Mill.Klaas Rozemond - 2005 - Wijsgerig Perspectief 45 (4):27-37.
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  37.  4
    Interpretations of probability.Armin Schulz - 2010 - In . pp. 81.
    Key Terms in Logic offers the ideal introduction to this core area in the study of philosophy, providing detailed summaries of the important concepts in the study of logic and the application of logic to the rest of philosophy. A brief introduction provides context and background, while the following chapters offer detailed definitions of key terms and concepts, introductions to the work of key thinkers and lists of key texts. Designed specifically to meet the needs of students and assuming no (...)
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  38.  84
    The Reason in Desire.Moritz Schulz - forthcoming - Analysis.
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  39.  29
    The Problem of Divine Hiddenness.Klaas J. Kraay - 2013 - Oxford Bibliographies Online.
    “The Problem of Divine Hiddenness” is an infelicitous phrase for two reasons. First, while it suggests that God both exists and hides, this phrase actually refers to a strategy of arguing that various forms of nonbelief in God constitute evidence for God’s nonexistence. Second, it suggests that there is only one problem for theistic belief here, while in fact this phrase refers to a family of arguments for atheism. This entry focuses on contemporary arguments from nonbelief to atheism. The most (...)
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  40.  3
    Naar alle onwaarschijnlijkheid: toeval in de wetenschap en filosofie.Klaas Landsman - 2018 - Amsterdam: Prometheus.
    Wat is toeval? Bestaat het? Hoe moeten we toeval interpreteren? Is alles logisch te verklaren, of is er meer tussen hemel en aarde? In dit boek kijken we naar een vakantieganger die op Bali onverwacht zijn buurman tegenkomt, de Shakespeare-onderzoeker die per toeval de sleutel tot de ware identiteit van de bard in diens teksten denkt te ontwaren, de man die altijd gezond leefde maar plotseling een ongeneeslijke vorm van kanker krijgt, gelovigen die de hand van God denken te zien (...)
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  41. On Preferring God's Non-Existence.Klaas J. Kraay & Chris Dragos - 2013 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43 (2):157-178.
    For many centuries, philosophers have debated this question: “Does God exist?” Surprisingly, they have paid rather less attention to this distinct – but also very important – question: “Would God’s existence be a good thing?” The latter is an axiological question about the difference in value that God’s existence would make (or does make) in the actual world. Perhaps the most natural position to take, whether or not one believes in God, is to hold that it would be a very (...)
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  42.  39
    Practical reasoning and degrees of outright belief.Moritz Schulz - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):8069-8090.
    According to a suggestion by Williamson, outright belief comes in degrees: one has a high/low degree of belief iff one is willing to rely on the content of one’s belief in high/low-stakes practical reasoning. This paper develops an epistemic norm for degrees of outright belief so construed. Starting from the assumption that outright belief aims at knowledge, it is argued that degrees of belief aim at various levels of strong knowledge, that is, knowledge which satisfies particularly high epistemic standards. This (...)
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  43.  3
    Aenesidem-Schulze.Heinrich Wiegershausen & Schulze Ernst) - 1910 - Berlin: Reuther & Reichard.
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  44.  9
    Does God Matter?: Essays on the Axiological Consequences of Theism.Klaas J. Kraay (ed.) - 2017 - Routledge.
    The question of whether God exists has long preoccupied philosophers. Many accounts of God have been proposed, and many arguments for and against God’s existence have been offered and discussed. But while philosophers have been busy trying to determine whether or not God exists, they have generally neglected to ask this question: "Does it _matter _whether God exists?" _Does God Matter?_ features ten original essays written by prominent philosophers of religion that address this very important, yet surprisingly neglected, question. One (...)
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  45.  8
    Maximizing as satisficing: On pattern matching and probability maximizing in groups and individuals.Christin Schulze, Wolfgang Gaissmaier & Ben R. Newell - 2020 - Cognition 205 (C):104382.
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  46.  50
    Strong knowledge, weak belief?Moritz Schulz - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):8741-8753.
    According to the knowledge norm of belief, one should believe p only if one knows p. However, it can easily seem that the ordinary notion of belief is much weaker than the knowledge norm would have it. It is possible to rationally believe things one knows to be unknown The aim of belief, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013). One response to this observation is to develop a technical notion of ‘outright’ belief. A challenge for this line of response is to (...)
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  47.  7
    A Volte Face in the French Academy.Klaas - 1927 - Modern Schoolman 4 (1):5-6.
    In the March 1927 number of this Journal Mr. Klaas, who is studying abroad, showed the lack of opposition between science and religion. In May he gave the reason. His newest contribution striking contribution striking points out their recognized relations. The Editor.
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  48.  10
    Chinese Architecture: A History. By Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt.Klaas Ruitenbeek - 2022 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 141 (3).
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  49.  3
    What the Emperor Built: Architecture and Empire in the Early Ming. By Aurelia Campbell.Klaas Ruitenbeek - 2022 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 141 (4).
    What the Emperor Built: Architecture and Empire in the Early Ming. By Aurelia Campbell. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 217. $65.
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  50. Antigone and the Law: Legal Theory and the Ambiguities of Performance.Klaas Tindemans - 2010 - In S. E. Wilmer & Audrone Zukauskaite (eds.), Interrogating Antigone in Postmodern Philosophy and Criticism. Oxford University Press. pp. 185.
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