O objetivo deste artigo é traçar como, no pensamento de Paul Ricœur, a narração e a sua especificidade da linguagem religiosa permeiam um acontecimento in illo tempore que dá ao ser humano uma orientação temporal que carrega um acontecimento passado para um futuro que, em certo sentido, é preenchido pela esperança e, com isto, coroando o esforço do existir do ser humano. O artigo fundamenta-se principalmente nas obras de Ricœur, tais como: O conflito das interpretações, A hermenêutica bíblica, Manifestation et (...) Proclamation e Do texto à ação. Discute-se a questão de, em Ricœur, a linguagem religiosa oferecer a garantia do acolhimento da revelação como palavra inacessível e, com isso, faz com que o ser humano decida por essa como um dom gratuito. Ela redescreve a realidade. Um processo realizado por meio da linguagem metafórica e simbólica. Neste sentido, o símbolo tem um sentido que pode ser reapropriado por quem o interpreta. Por fim, afirma-se que, em Ricœur, o texto sagrado, especificamente o texto bíblico, é uma janela aberta, uma possibilidade tanto do processo ético de nomeação de Deus como também da abertura e da complexidade poética da construção do texto. (shrink)

The aim of this study is to present and investigate the spirituality of communion in one of the most important movements of the Church in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, namely the Focolare Movement. It is a spirituality that seeks to reestablish communion and unity between the human being and God and between the various segments that make up the Church and society. Finally, it is stated that in the present a great number of conflicts that go from (...) the terrorism is seen, such as ethnic and religious conflicts, until arriving at wars and economic disputes. Within this worrying context, the spirituality of communion, of the Focolare Movement, is a concrete response that is possible to the construction of unity and that the human being has superficial differences only, since in the deepest being, a communion called humanity is formed. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de Coelho, José Ramos. De Narciso a Édipo: a criaçáo do artista . Natal: EDUFRN, 2005. 162 páginas.

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar o debate travado por Leão XIII sobre a libertação dos escravos no Brasil. Afirma-se que a libertação dos escravos, no Brasil e nos demais países das Américas, não significou o fim dos problemas e conflitos sociais que os negros e seus descendentes historicamente enfrentaram, mas o início de um novo ciclo de lutas e conquistas sociais e políticas. No entanto, não se pode negar que a luta pelo fim do sistema escravagista e, por (...) conseguinte, da libertação dos cativos, foi de suma importância. Dentro dessa luta a Igreja e outras organizações sociais tiveram um papel decisivo. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de: LANDIM FILHO, Raul. Questões disputadas de metafísica e de crítica do conhecimento . Sáo Paulo: Discurso Editorial, 2009, Coleçáo Philosophia, 475 p.

Resenha do livro de: Rodrigo Duarte, Adorno/Horkheimer & A dialetica do esclarecimento. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2002. Colecao Filosofia Passa-a-passo 4. 70 paginas.

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar duas reflexões sobre a relaçáo entre Wittgenstein e as preocupações contemporâneas da filosofia. Essas reflexões sáo fundamentadas principalmente nas Investigações filosóficas . Para se alcançar esse objetivo, inicialmente, é apresentada a crítica que Wittgenstein realiza, nas Investigações filosóficas , a tradiçáo filosófico-linguística do Ocidente. Após essa apresentaçáo, sáo feitas as considerações sobre a relaçáo entre Wittgenstein e as preocupações contemporâneas da filosofia.

Reseha do livro de Cornelius Castoriadis. Sobre ‘O Político’ de Platáo. Traduçáo de Luciana Moreira Pudenzi. Sáo Paulo: Loyola, 2004. [Coleçáo Leituras Filosóficas].

This short article does not intend to disagree with the philosophical tradition, which states that the Cratylus is an ‘aporetic’ dialogue. The aim of this paper is to raise the possibility that the Cratylus’s true aporia is not the excluding antagonism of conventional view by Hermógenes and naturalistic theory by Cratylus, but the question of the relationship between language and knowledge. Like Plato asks: can you know things without the aid of language? For this question that matter he does not (...) have an answer in Cratylus. Thus, the aporia is configured. To find an answer to it we must use other Platonic dialogues, such as Fedun, Tiimaeus and Sophist. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de Brito, Adriano Naves de (Org.). Ética : questões de fundamentaçáo. Brasília: UnB, 2007. 352 páginas.

Este artigo tem por objetivo levantar um debate a respeito da legalização da prática abortiva no Brasil, em razão do Projeto de Lei nº 1.135/91, ainda em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, que pretende a legalização do aborto, até momentos antes do parto. Apresenta-se, de forma introdutória, a problemática do discurso do aborto frente ao Projeto de Lei nº 1.135/91. Para tanto, apresenta-se um discussão sobre a universalidade da vida, o aborto no código penal brasileiro, a questão do avanço do aborto (...) na realidade brasileira, aborto versus Vida, a proibição da pena de morte e a legalização do aborto no Brasil e o Projeto de Lei nº 1.135/91 no Brasil. Conclui-se afirmando que se espera que no Brasil a sociedade reconheça a gravidade da descriminalização do aborto e cobre do Estado seus direitos fundamentais, principalmente o direito a vida. (shrink)

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar o debate travado por Leão XIII sobre a libertação dos escravos no Brasil. Afirma-se que a libertação dos escravos, no Brasil e nos demais países das Américas, não significou o fim dos problemas e conflitos sociais que os negros e seus descendentes historicamente enfrentaram, mas o início de um novo ciclo de lutas e conquistas sociais e políticas. No entanto, não se pode negar que a luta pelo fim do sistema escravagista e, por (...) conseguinte, da libertação dos cativos, foi de suma importância. Dentro dessa luta a Igreja e outras organizações sociais tiveram um papel decisivo. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma revisitação, ou seja, uma tentativa de construir um diálogo entre o princípio da sacralidade da vida e o aborto. São apresen-tados quatro motivos para realizar esse diálogo. O primeiro é o fato de constante-mente o cristianismo e especialmente a Igreja Católica ser acusada de ter criado o princípio da sacralidade da vida. O segundo é o fato de que fundações multibilionárias planejam impor o aborto ao mundo até o ano de 2025. O terceiro (...) é que em muitos países o aborto foi legalizado por meio de medida judicial. O quarto é o fato de o Estado possuir uma taxa de nascimentos ideal. Após essa apresentação, são cons-truídas três reflexões sobre o tema. A primeira é que o princípio da sacralidade da vida não é uma construção ou invenção da Igreja Católica. A segunda é a dimensão da dignidade humana dentro das atuais pré-ocupações do Estado. A terceira é a crise do indivíduo. Por fim, afirma-se que a vida continua sendo um mistério para o ser humano. E este mistério carrega, em seu ventre, grande parcela do sagrado. A atual ideologia que propaga o aborto, como forma terapêutica do homem resolver seus problemas, não passa de pura alienação que nega a sacralidade da vida e, em seu lugar, deixa apenas um homem descarnado de sua própria dignidade. (shrink)

Los cinco estudios que componen este volumen estan dedicados a mostrar que es posible abordar el estudio de un film y por extension del cine en su conjunto a partir de fragmentos minimos extraidos de una obra concreta. Concebidos con una metodologia unitaria intentan, limitando al maximo el uso de esa jerga especializada que suele hacer de muralla entre el analista y el lector, proporcionar instrumentos operativos para todos aquellos que conciben el cine como territorio donde saber y placer no (...) solo no estan renidos sino que se refuerzan mutuamente. Los ejemplos han sido tomados, conscientemente, de obras al mismo tiempo muy conocidas y suficientemente representativas de determinadas maneras de hacer. Se ha huido de toda normatividad con la finalidad de hacer buena la frase de S.M. Eisenstein cuando recordaba a sus discipulos que el no podia ensenarles nada, pero ellos si que podian aprender mucho. Equidistante del moderno analisis formalista y de la tradicion clasica que reivindicaba la primacia del contenido, el tipo de trabajo patente en estas paginas reivindica el lugar central del texto filmico y sus texturas singulares en los nuevos estudios cinematograficos. (shrink)

Unlike Dickens’s novel, this is not a tale of light and darkness, order and chaos, good and evil… It is, though, a story worth to be told about two standpoints about games and sports, teaching and research, physical education simply put, that have pursued similar interests on parallel tracks for too long, despite their apparent closeness and expected shared cultural grounds. The objective of this conceptual analysis is to try and reconcile two perspectives, namely motor praxeology and teaching games for (...) understanding (TGfU), born in the last third of the XX century in France and England with the intention to rethink the foundations of physical education (PE) and sports teaching. Pierre Parlebas, from the French side of the English Channel, claimed in 1967 that sports make part of PE, that team sports must be considered from a specific, sociomotor point of view, and that motor conducts (i.e. the significative organization of motor behaviour), not sports techniques, are the corner-stone of PE and sports coaching. In the early 1980s, from the English side of La Manche, Almond, Thorpe, and Bunker made a plea for a shift in the way to teach games (sporting collective duels mostly), deeply concerned by the negative impact of the traditional technics-centred approach on motivation, competence and attained level of the least able in school situations. Our conclusion is that TGfU, or game-based approaches to sports coaching and teaching, can take great advantage of the motor-praxeological rationale for three reasons: firstly, because concepts like understanding, game sense and action principles are operatively, semiotically linked to the reality of the playing process; secondly, because the inner structures of the games that constrain players and guide their motor conducts, permit to integrate games in the general system of sporting games, no matter their level of institutionalisation; finally, because the intervention practice is better thought of and more systematically developed upon the operational concepts of internal logic and expected practical effects of game playing. This time, Paris could be the place to go to in search of solutions, not the city to run away from in hope of consolation. (shrink)

In _The End of the Cognitive Empire_ Boaventura de Sousa Santos further develops his concept of the "epistemologies of the south," in which he outlines a theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical framework for challenging the dominance of Eurocentric thought. As a collection of knowledges born of and anchored in the experiences of marginalized peoples who actively resist capitalism, colonialism, and patriarchy, epistemologies of the south represent those forms of knowledge that are generally discredited, erased, and ignored by dominant cultures of the (...) global North. Noting the declining efficacy of established social and political solutions to combat inequality and discrimination, Santos suggests that global justice can only come about through an epistemological shift that guarantees cognitive justice. Such a shift would create new alternative strategies for political mobilization and activism and give oppressed social groups the means through which to represent the world as their own in their own terms. (shrink)

In the nearly 30 years since Premack and Woodruff famously asked, “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?”, the question of exactly how much non‐human primates understand about the mental lives of others has had an unusually dramatic history. As little as ten years ago it appeared that the answer would be a simple one, with early investigations of non‐human primates’ mentalistic abilities yielding a steady stream of negative findings. Indeed, by the mid‐1990s even very cautious researchers were ready (...) to flatly assert that Theory of Mind was a uniquely human capacity. Recently, however, an exciting new theoretical perspective on primate social cognition has arisen, and with it the distinct possibility that our evolutionary relatives may understand far more of the social world than we previously believed. In this paper we review new theory and evidence suggesting that non‐human primates may indeed represent the mental states of others, at least within the domains for which their distinctive social ecology has prepared them. Having asserted that Premack and Woodruff's original question can be answered with a qualified yes, we then consider the new questions that arise in its place, particularly how and why our own Theory of Mind became more domain‐general than that of other primates. (shrink)

Epistemological disjunctivism is a philosophical theory that has received special attention in the recent years. Particularly because it has been seen by many as a way of renewing discussions that range from the nature of justification of our daily beliefs to the possibility of unveiling the structure of the problem of radical skepticism and of responding to it. Duncan Pritchard is one of the authors who have offered a particular view of disjunctivism and ways of conceiving of disjunctivist treatments to (...) such questions. His work has as its main source of inspiration the seminal work of John McDowell. In this paper, I present a way of understanding the problem ofradicalskepticism and the mannerin which epistemological disjunctivism aimsto offer solutionsto it. In orderto do that, I present McDowell’s general proposal and discuss in which way his account differs from Pritchard’s own disjunctivism. At the end, I try to show how Pritchard’s approach tries to respond to radical skepticism not only by appealing to a disjunctivist reading of our epistemic position, but also by offering a revision of our structure of reasons. (shrink)

In the nearly 30 years since Premack and Woodruff famously asked, “Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?”, the question of exactly how much non-human primates understand about the mental lives of others has had an unusually dramatic history. As little as ten years ago it appeared that the answer would be a simple one, with early investigations of non-human primates’ mentalistic abilities yielding a steady stream of negative findings. Indeed, by the mid-1990s even very cautious researchers were ready (...) to flatly assert that Theory of Mind was a uniquely human capacity. Recently, however, an exciting new theoretical perspective on primate social cognition has arisen, and with it the distinct possibility that our evolutionary relatives may understand far more of the social world than we previously believed. In this paper we review new theory and evidence suggesting that non-human primates may indeed represent the mental states of others, at least within the domains for which their distinctive social ecology has prepared them. Having asserted that Premack and Woodruff's original question can be answered with a qualified yes, we then consider the new questions that arise in its place, particularly how and why our own Theory of Mind became more domain-general than that of other primates. (shrink)

O presente texto busca problematizar a noção de parresía no âmbito da tragédia de Eurípides, As Fenícias, à luz do filósofo francês Michel Foucault. Para tanto, faremos um paralelo tomando a parresía como prática de liberdade. Trata-se de problematizar a produção de uma história dos diferentes processos de composição da subjetividade humana e da efetivação da prática de liberdade, ou seja, do sujeito moderno, que nos apresenta possibilidades para uma filosofia crítica – o momento em que o sujeito se dá (...) o direito de interrogar os efeitos dos discursos de verdade pelo exercício do poder. Nessas condições, as técnicas de si se apresentam no formato de uma experiência de si que permite a construção de uma relação consigo a partir de exercícios regulares no governo de si e dos outros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Parresía; Falar livremente; Foucault; Prática; Liberdade; Resistência; Poder; bell hooks. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa analisar, a partir do pensamento do filósofo Michel Foucault, o exercício da liberdade sob uma perspectiva ética, no âmbito do estoicismo tardio. Liberdade essa que se faz possível a partir do cuidado de si, por meio de exercícios regulares que possibilitam ao indivíduo viver a vida como arte. Com efeito, é na prática do cuidado de si, que o indivíduo se coloca como transformador do mundo e de si mesmo, o qual dá-se no encontro com o (...) outro, longe de ser uma experiência solitária com o próprio eu, realiza-se na associação com outrem. (shrink)

This article analyzes the notion of malaise resulting from the tension impulses between individuals and cultures, according to the results achieved by Freud's psychoanalytic reflexes. Despite certain moments in his work, it is possible to envision a certain possibility of emancipation of the individual through reflection or clinical analysis itself, or the psychoanalyst does not fail to notice a certain entropy present not only in the human being, but in the whole being alive. It is a movement within the organism (...) itself that leads to its exhaustion, meeting its demand in decline. (shrink)

We study an alternative embedding of IPC into atomic system F whose translation of proofs is based, not on instantiation overflow, but instead on the admissibility of the elimination rules for disjunction and absurdity. As compared to the embedding based on instantiation overflow, the alternative embedding works equally well at the levels of provability and preservation of proof identity, but it produces shorter derivations and shorter simulations of reduction sequences. Lambda-terms are employed in the technical development so that the algorithmic (...) content is made explicit, both for the alternative and the original embeddings. The investigation of preservation of proof-reduction steps by the alternative embedding enables the analysis of generation of “administrative” redexes. These are the key, on the one hand, to understand the difference between the two embeddings; on the other hand, to understand whether the final word on the embedding of IPC into atomic system F has been said. (shrink)

Aiming at a better understanding of the extent to which Africa-focused research has helped develop context-bound, context-specific, and context-free knowledge, the authors present the findings from a literature review of journal articles with an African context. A systematic search resulted in 271 articles with African data and 139 Africa-focused articles published in 63 top business journals and related disciplines from 2010 onwards. The sample included all journals belonging to the University of Texas Dallas and Financial Times research rankings, as well (...) as the main international business, and business and society outlets. An in-depth analysis of the 139 Africa-focused articles shows an important imbalance in terms of publication patterns, topics covered, theoretical groundings, types of contributions, approaches to the African contexts, and empirics. Building on this exhaustive literature review, the authors provide specific suggestions regarding potential data sources and empirical strategies in African contexts, propose avenues for future research, and introduce four recent studies included in the special issue. (shrink)

We leverage insights and theories from the extensive inter-firm alliance literature to explore the effect of the sector of the partners on Firm–NGO alliance governance. Our analysis suggests that the sector of the partners has an important impact on alliance governance, not only because it constrains the availability of some governance mechanisms but also because it makes alternative mechanisms available or relevant to the partners. Specifically, we predict that B2N alliances will rely on contracts, a restricted scope, and non-equity hostages, (...) such as reputational hostages and stakeholder involvement, rather than equity, leading to limited protection against opportunism. As a consequence, B2N alliance partners will need to rely on trust-based governance mechanisms to a greater extent than B2B alliance partners, although trust will be harder to build in B2N alliances. (shrink)

Exploring the struggles against moral and cultural imperialism.

This article aims to propose some connections between the conceptions of poetry of the Mexican poet Octavio Paz and the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Both see in poetry the element of recognition of the original condition of the human being, not as an interpretation, but as a perception and affectation of the existential reality of human beings. So that the event of the "poetic saying" is configured as a call to the possibility of glimpsing the being of each entity, inhabiting (...) oneself and, thus, learning to be with others, establishing the poetic field as the clearing of perception and of existential affectation. Poetic speech goes beyond the limits of language, creating and establishing meanings and representations to the affectations that poetry provides. Thus, through poetry man recognizes himself in his worldliness, in search of his own being and in his relationship with other beings. (shrink)

El 30 de julio de 1916 se eligieron los representantes para la Convención encargada de elaborar la segunda constitución uruguaya que fijó las reglas de la naciente democracia. En esta elección se utilizaron por primera vez el voto secreto y una versión inédita de representación proporcional. Para explicar por qué se usaron esas reglas y no otras, se utiliza la teoría de los órdenes sociales de Emanuel Adler. Las nuevas reglas recogen en el plano institucional la evolución cognitiva de caudillos (...) y doctores, los protagonistas centrales de la comunidad de práctica democrática uruguaya. Los caudillos fueron aprendiendo en la práctica, por ensayo y error, a competir por el poder pero también a pactar. Los doctores, a partir de esas prácticas pero también de las teorías que circulaban en la época, aportaron el conocimiento reflexivo que recogieron las nuevas normas. De todos modos, no es posible comprender la trayectoria doméstica sin tomar en cuenta la influencia de procesos exógenos. La Convención de Buenos Aires y la Ley Sáenz-Peña tuvieron un impacto profundo en Uruguay. (shrink)

Downward causation exercised by emergent properties of wholes upon their lower-level constituents’ properties has been accused of conceptual and metaphysical incoherence. Only upward causation is usually peacefully accepted. The aim of this paper is to criticize and refuse the traditional hierarchical-vertical way of conceiving both types of causation, although preserving their deepest ontological significance, as well as the widespread acceptance of the traditional atomistic-combinatorial view of the entities and the relations that constitute the so-called ‘emergence base’. Assuming those two perspectives (...) with no reserves, we are condemned to confine our debate to the question of whether reified wholes can have the power to downwardly change or influence their lower-level parts, a question which seems profoundly misleading to me. I therefore propose an alternative relational ontological view, assuming a straightforward horizontal and intra-level way of representing those putative cases of cross-level causation. I finally confront two recent replies to Kim’s well-known objections to DC—Craver and Bechtel and Kistler :595–609, 2009)—, emphasizing their global positive approaches, as well as the reasons why their accounts still seem insufficient to me. I conclude arguing that both Kim’s principle of the causal closure of the physical domain and its allegation of an overdetermination in cases of DC can be surpassed by the new relational ontological perspective presented here. (shrink)

Resumo "O candomblé aceita o homossexualismo porque é uma religião que não tem pecado. Não interessa se você seja homem, mulher ou gay. Não importa a opção sexual. (...) Você pode ver. É uma religião de homossexuais". É assim que um filho-de-santo responde a uma pergunta sobre a notável presença de homossexuais iniciados na religião dos orixás. Se comparadas a outras denominações hostis e indiferentes às orientações não-heterossexuais, o candomblé e outras devoções afro-brasileiras são, de fato, mais tolerantes à participação (...) de homossexuais, permitindo-lhes ocupar todos os postos previstos na hierarquia ritual. Embora estejam entre as expressões religiosas que menos discriminam o indivíduo por razões de preferência sexual, percebemos por meio da literatura especializada e de uma pesquisa de campo, realizada na região metropolitana de São Paulo, que os candomblecistas também empregam em seus discursos argumentos ou narrativas míticas, certos princípios e valores seculares articulados à moralidade cristã e que dão sustentação à hierarquia de sexo/gênero - conforme alguns sacerdotes, as categorias homem/mulher e masculino/feminino devem corresponder às expectativas sociais esperadas para cada ser sexuado. Em virtude disso, tratar de homossexualidade nas comunidades-terreiro, ao contrário do que possa parecer, é um tema delicado, restrito e rodeado de tabus. Palavras-chave: Candomblé; Gênero; Sexualidade; Homossexualidade." Candomblé accepts homosexualism because it is a religion where sin does not exist. It does not matter whether you are a man, a woman or gay. Your sexual choice does not matter. [...] You can see it. It is a religion of homosexuals." This is how a filho-de-santo answers a question about the remarkable presence of homosexuals initiated into the orixás ' religion. If compared to other denominations, hostile or indifferent to nonheterosexual orientations, candomblé and other Afro-Brazilian religions are indeed more tolerant to the participation of homosexuals, allowing them to hold all positions in the ritual hierarchy. However, based on the literature and on a field research carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan region, we realized that those affiliated to candomblé , although following one of the religions with the lowest degree of prejudice against individuals due to their sexual preference, also employ in their discourse arguments or mythical narratives, secular principles and values articulated with Christian morality, which support the sex/gender hierarchy: according to some priests, man/woman and male/female categories must correspond to the social expectations of each sexual being. Thus, on the contrary, approaching homosexuality in Afro-Brazilian religious communities is a delicate and restricted matter, surrounded by taboos. Key words: Candomblé; Gender; Sexuality; Homosexuality. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The very core of the Aristotelian philosophy, where the great metaphysical issues tackled by his predecessors (especially Plato and the philosophers from the Academy) were reconsidered, is structured around the notions of being (einai, tó ón), substance (...) (ousía) and form (eidos, tó ti en einai), largely discussed by Aristotle in the central books of Metaphysics. The understanding of the solutions provided by Aristotle to the aporethic questions formulated and developed by him in the Beta and Kappa 1-2 books concerning the proper object of the first philosophy, the determination of the existent substances as well as the determination of the nature of the first principles of reality, depend all of them on the correct interpretation of such notions. (shrink)