If my ability to react freely is constrained by forces beyond my control, am I still morally responsible for the things I do? The question of whether, how and to what extent we are responsible for our own actions has always been central to debates in philosophy and theology, and has been the subject of much recent research in cognitive science. And for good reason- the views we take on free will affect the choices we make as individuals, the moral (...) judgments we make of others, and they will inform public policy. Michael McKenna's text introduces this important subject with remarkable clarity, offering the first comprehensive overview of both incompatibilist and compatibilist stances. He begins by motivating both viewpoints, then provides classical accounts of each before giving students an in-depth examination of current scholarship in the free will debate. Topics covered include: the nature of free will the nature of determinism the nature of moral responsibility arguments for the incompatibility of free will and determinism arguments of the compatibility of free will and determinism libertarian theories of free will and moral responsibility compatibilist theories of free will and moral responsibility hard determinist and hard incompatibilist theories. (shrink)

Bis heute ist die Einschätzung verbreitet, dass der Rekurs auf Marx - und zumal auf dessen Kritik der politischen Ökonomie - in Adornos Werk ein Relikt aus bald überwundenen Stadien seiner Theorieentwicklung darstelle. Anhand einschlägiger, zum großen Teil bislang unpublizierter Textdokumente widerlegt der Autor diese These und zeigt, dass im Zentrum von Adornos Kritischer Theorie der Gesellschaft eine Kritik nicht nur der politischen Ökonomie steht, sondern eine von Ökonomie überhaupt.

This article argues that corporate social responsibility (CSR) may contribute to product differentiation in export markets and thus improve export performance. We test this argument by observing a period of decreasing export competitiveness in a leading emerging economy (Brazil). Using a large-scale survey design with 252 questionnaires completed by medium- and large-sized Brazilian exporters, we used structural equations modelling to test our hypotheses. The results suggest that CSR product differentiation predicts export performance better than product quality differentiation and almost as (...) well as product innovation differentiation. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the positive and significant effect of CSR product differentiation on export performance is likely to be contingent on the number and type (developing vs. developed) of countries that are targeted. Our study contributes to the literature on CSR and export performance by developing and empirically validating a model that explains under which conditions CSR-based product differentiation may lead to improved export performance. (shrink)

I recognise in retrospect that this review chides Prof. Hadot for those things that he didn't do so well, while failing to give due credit to the kinds of writing about philosophy that he did do well.

Dieses Buch hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, den Beitrag der allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie der Naturwissenschaften zur Forschungsmethodik des naturwissenschaftlich arbeitenden Zweiges der Psychologie zu erbringen. Im Anschluss an die Ausarbeitung der Programmatik einer Protopsychologie – der Wissenschaftstheorie der Psychologie – werden traditionelle wissenschaftstheoretische Probleme erörtert, welche für die naturwissenschaftliche Psychologie – aber auch für andere Naturwissenschaften – von Relevanz sind. Die Themenpalette reicht hierbei von der Frage nach den wesentlichen Merkmalen von Naturgesetzen bis hin zur Planung, Durchführung und Evaluation von Experimenten. (...) Spezifische Probleme der Psychologie – etwa die Frage nach der methodischen Rolle der Instruktion im psychologischen Experiment – werden dabei jeweils besonders berücksichtigt. (shrink)

Nagelaten manuscripten en notities van de Nederlandse hoogleraar in de filosofie (1892-1978), behorend tot de grondleggers van de wijsbegeerte der wetsidee.

When making an assessment of animal welfare, it is important to take environmental (housing) or animal-based parameters into account. An alternative approach is to focus on the behavior and appearance of the animal, without making actual measurements or quantifying this. None of these tell the whole story. In this paper, we suggest that it is possible to find common ground between these (seemingly) diametrically opposed positions and argue that this may be the way to deal with the complexity of animal (...) welfare. The model will have to be acceptable for the different parties that will be affected by it and real benefits for the animal should result from it. This will be the basis of a practical ethical approach. All this can be condensed into a model that essentially is made up out of three basic elements: the classical welfare analysis with an existing welfare assessment tool, an assessment of the stockholder, and an implementation of the Free Choice Profiling technique. This new framework does not pretend to be a different or better animal welfare matrix; it is intended to integrate existing knowledge and to provide a practical tool to improve animal welfare. It identifies whether there are welfare problems on a farm, if present whether these problems are caused by the housing system or the stockholder, and what can be done to improve the situation. (shrink)

Four Views on Free Will is a robust and careful debate about free will, how it interacts with determinism and indeterminism, and whether we have it or not. Providing the most up-to-date account of four major positions in the free will debate, the second edition of this classic text presents the opposing perspectives of renowned philosophers John Martin Fischer, Robert Kane, Derk Pereboom, and Manuel Vargas. -/- Substantially revised throughout, this new volume contains eight in-depth chapters, almost entirely rewritten for (...) the new edition, in which the authors state their different positions on the debate, offer insights into how their views have evolved over the past fifteen years, respond to recent critical literature in the field, and interact and engage with each other in dialogue. In the first four chapters the authors defend their distinctive views about free will: libertarianism, compatibilism, hard incompatibilism, and revisionism. The subsequent four chapters consist of direct replies by each of the authors to the other three. (shrink)

ZusammenfassungTrotz einer bereits vor der COVID-Krise erkennbar großen gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung und möglicher Potenziale der Digitalisierung für den organisierten Sport, liegen bislang nur wenige aussagekräftige Befunde darüber vor, welchen Stellenwert Sportvereine der Digitalisierungsthematik innerhalb der Vereinsarbeit beimessen. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der Beitrag folgenden Fragen nach: (i) Welche Priorität messen Sportvereine dem Thema Digitalisierung bei? (ii) Welche vereinsspezifischen Faktoren beeinflussen die jeweilige Priorisierung des Themas Digitalisierung? Die Priorisierung der Digitalisierung wird dabei in Abhängigkeit von Vereinszielen, einstellungs- und organisationskulturbezogenen Faktoren sowie den (...) unterschiedlichen organisationalen Kapazitäten der Sportvereine modelliert. Für die Analyse konnte eine Stichprobe von n = 787 Sportvereinen generiert werden. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Digitalisierung für Vereine vor der COVID-Krise zwar ein wichtiges Thema, aber kein Thema von herausgehobener Priorität innerhalb der Vereinsarbeit darstellt. Die Ergebnisse des logistischen Regressionsmodells deuten darauf hin, dass die Unterschiede in der Priorisierung vor allem auf Differenzen in der Organisationskultur und der Organisationskapazität zurückzuführen sind. (shrink)