En el Dossier referido a la Revolución Islámica de Irán (Raffin 2021: 171-173) y en Para una crítica de la violencia (1998), tanto Foucault como Benjamin observan el potencial revolucionario de la dimensión espiritual-religiosa al ser esta capaz de interrumpir la violencia histórica del Estado. A dicho acontecimiento, Foucault lo denomina huelga política generalizada y Benjamin huelga obrera revolucionaria. Esto sugiere, pese a las irreductibles diferencias de base, una cierta cercanía conceptual entre ambos autores. En virtud del interés filosófico que (...) esto sugiere, se analizan a continuación los textos indicados rastreando los elementos principales del vínculo entre religión, interrupción y acción revolucionaria a través del concepto de huelga. Al finalizar, se esboza una conclusión de carácter comparativo. (shrink)

This paper analyses the complexity of family life, which includes both its charismatic and institutional aspects. Deepening the understanding of this basic social group can be useful in explaining how human beings in their decisions and actions, as well as organizations, unceasingly transcend different oppositions and dimensions. Undertaking this topic is not only important in the context of understanding the fundamental and complex experience of family life in the process of preparing and introducing new members to society, but also from (...) the organizational perspective. It means that exploring the role of both dimensions – charismatic and institutional – which are somehow complementary, is crucial for understanding and harmonizing the different relationships and interactions within organizations, including business ones. In this way the article shows the connection between the functioning of the family and society (including organizations within it). (shrink)

A \(\sigma \) -ideal \(\mathcal {I}\) on a Polish group \((X,+)\) has the Smital Property if for every dense set _D_ and a Borel \(\mathcal {I}\) -positive set _B_ the algebraic sum \(D+B\) is a complement of a set from \(\mathcal {I}\). We consider several variants of this property and study their connections with the countable chain condition, maximality and how well they are preserved via Fubini products. In particular we show that there are \(\mathfrak {c}\) many maximal invariant \(\sigma (...) \) -ideals with Borel bases on the Cantor space \(2^\omega \). (shrink)

This article discusses the question of the presence of the category of the family in the media, which most often operate as commercial enterprises these days. At the same time the influence of media communication on the family is underlined. The analysis results in distinguishing between two ways of presenting and treating the family in media broadcasting. The first – objective – resembles the authentic nature and character of this basic social group, while the second – subjective – distorts the (...) image and uses the category of the family as merely material for an producing media offer of any kind. Among other issues, stress is put on the business model of media enterprises, which seriously influences the social communication character of mass media, which results, for example, in the transformation of information into a commodity and the media public into customers. (shrink)

Author: Michalski Rafał Title: ANCIENT SOURCES OF MEANING OF THE TERM “MIMESIS” (Antyczne źródła pojęcia mimezis) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2005, vol:.5, number: 2005/1, pages: 45-64 Keywords: ‘MIMESIS’, PLATO, PYTHAGORAS Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:In this article I show the evolution of meaning of the term ‘mimesis’ in ancient Greece. I distinguish its two basic meanings: copying (imitation) and expression. The older meaning (mimesis as expression) comes from the Pythagorean (...) tradition, whereas the newer one (mimesis as copying) can be traced back to the philosophy of Plato. Analysis of Plato’s dialogues step by step reveals ambivalence of the notion, and, what is most important, points out how useful it can be in epistemology, philosophy of language, psychology and aesthetics. (shrink)

Mit der Vorstellung vom Stil als Eigentum verbindet sich die Hoffnung, Exklusivitätsrechte auf ererbte, erlernte, gekaufte, geborgte, geschenkte oder auch gestohlene Epochen-, National- oder Individualstile geltend machen zu können. Da sich der stets unscharfe und relationale Stilbegriff gleichwohl nur bedingt juristisch einhegen lässt, ist das Recht auf den Stil vor allem in historiografischen, ethischen oder ideologischen Diskursen ausgefochten worden. Ihnen widmet sich der vorliegende Band.

Obecna dominacja hedonizmu, a ściślej eudajmonistycznego ideału „udanego życia” jako samorealizacji opierającej się na potęgowaniu jednostkowego szczęścia stanowi symptom procesów modernizacyjnych, które dogłębnie zmieniły naszą społeczną i kulturową rzeczywistość. Poziom względnego dobrobytu osiągnięty w najbardziej rozwiniętych częściach świata sprzyja upowszechnianiu się wiary w nieomal bezgraniczną wolność jednostki, która coraz częściej i intensywniej poddaje krytycznej refleksji panujące dotąd systemy aksjologiczne. Świat wartości etycznych pluralizuje się, rozprasza i traci na naszych oczach swoje stabilne fundamenty. Pomimo licznych symptomów kryzysowych wciąż jednak utrzymuje się (...) powszechny stan względnego samozadowolenia, który syci się przekonaniem o „etycznej wyższości” kultury Zachodu. Wprawdzie przyznajemy, że świat liberalnej demokracji, w jakim żyjemy, stopniowo traci swój „moralny kręgosłup", ale nadal żywimy przekonanie, że nie ma dla niego żadnej lepszej realnej alternatywy. Opisywany przez prezentowanych w niniejszej monografii autorów proces estetyzacji życia codziennego, historii i polityki bynajmniej nie poprawia tej sytuacji, lecz wydaje się jedynie pogłębiać nasze etyczne rozchwianie. (shrink)

The Flame of Eternity provides a reexamination and new interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy and the central role that the concepts of eternity and time, as he understood them, played in it. According to Krzysztof Michalski, Nietzsche's reflections on human life are inextricably linked to time, which in turn cannot be conceived of without eternity. Eternity is a measure of time, but also, Michalski argues, something Nietzsche viewed first and foremost as a physiological concept having to do with the (...) body. The body ages and decays, involving us in a confrontation with our eventual death. It is in relation to this brute fact that we come to understand eternity and the finitude of time. Nietzsche argues that humanity has long regarded the impermanence of our life as an illness in need of curing. It is this "pathology" that Nietzsche called nihilism. Arguing that this insight lies at the core of Nietzsche's philosophy as a whole, Michalski seeks to explain and reinterpret Nietzsche's thought in light of it. Michalski maintains that many of Nietzsche's main ideas--including his views on love, morality (beyond good and evil), the will to power, overcoming, the suprahuman (or the overman, as it is infamously referred to), the Death of God, and the myth of the eternal return--take on new meaning and significance when viewed through the prism of eternity. (shrink)

Author: Michalski Rafał Title: IN SEARCH OF PARADISIAC NAMES – PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE (W poszukiwaniu „rajskich imion” – antropologia filozoficzna wobec problemu genezy języka) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2006, vol:.6, number: 2006/1, pages: 101-117 Keywords: WALTER BENJAMIN, HERDER, GEHLEN, ORIGINS LANGUAGE Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:The article deals with the problem of origin of an individual, particular speech and its relation to the language (...) of intersubjective communication. Paradisiac names – the term used by Walter Benjamin – are words which release suppresed semantic potentiality originated in the early phase of childhood. The author of the article shows the way J.G. Herder and A. Gehlen make clear this phaenomen in their conceptions of anthropology. (shrink)

The aim the paper is to present Wittgenstein’s idea of analysis of language and his arguments in favour of his thesis that simple things exist. Starting point of the paper is Wittgenstein’s claim that the idea of simple things results from the assumption that what is complex may be analyzed. He claims also that postulate of there being simple elements is a consequence of postulates according to which propositions do have defi nite meanings and that world has definite structure: if (...) a proposition has no simple signs then it does not have specified sense, and if there were no simple objects then the world would not have a specified structure. What is lacking in Wittgenstein is a comprehensive reasoning in favour of the postulate of existence of simple things. The article gives a reconstruction of such reasoning. In order to accomplish this, following issues are presented and clarified: Wittgenstein’s understanding of the analysis of language; the difference between Wittgenstein’s and Russell’s approach to language analysis; actual meaning of assertion that meaning of a proposition is definite and that world has definite structure; philosophical interpretation of quantifiers and symbols of complexes. Key words WITTGENSTEIN, SIMPLE THINGS. (shrink)

Człowiek w logoterapii Viktora E. Frankla charakteryzuje się trzema podstawowymi sposobami bycia: fizycznym, psychicznym, duchowym. Duchowy sposób bycia jest sferą autonomiczną, w której jesteśmy zdolni do pozyskania sensu przez przeżycie i robienie czegoś wartościowego oraz dzięki któremu możemy nabrać dystansu i odnieść się do chorobowych symptomów zaburzonej psychiki. Wypełnienie się sensem przez robienie czegoś wartościowego jest możliwe dzięki trzem zdolnościom, zakorzenionym w strukturzebycia ludzkiego: zdolności do intencjonalnego kierowania się poza siebie do świata zewnętrznego, zdolności transcendowania siebie ze względu na doświadczenie (...) czegoś wartościowego i zdolności do dystansowania się od siebie, dzięki której w ogóle możemydoświadczyć czegoś takiego, jak to, że jesteśmy także duchowymi osobami i objawić się w swoim człowieczeństwie. W artykule ukazano antropologiczne podstawy logoterapii Frankla, akcentując aspekt ludzkiej wolności. ------------------------- Zgłoszono: 28/11/2022. Zrecenzowano: 26/04/2023. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 02/05/2023. (shrink)

The status of the child in the context of contemporary socio-cultural processes that are reflected in the market is the main issue discussed in this paper. It may be surprising to concentrate on children and the market, while the sphere of economic exchange is the scene of such actions as work, production and consumption which seem to be reserved to adult members of the society. Although there are issues – such as kids advertisement and its consequences, and children’s participation in (...) the process of buying – that are discussed, the range of problems that deserve consideration is far wider. The questions analyzed in this paper concentrate on two aspects. First of them is the influence of the market sphere on the life of children as members of the families and the society. The question that should be asked here is whether a child can and should be regarded as any other consumer, or should be protected – e.g. against controversial marketing practices. The second group of problems is connected with the objective way of treating children which leads to formation of something that can be called the markets of children”. Both these sets of issues are the stimulus to analyze the way of understanding a child and its status in the society. It is also done through taking into consideration such issues as current concepts of socialization, antipedagogy, infantilisation and adultisation that influence and shape market processes. Finally the analysis undertaken in this paper leads to an attempt to answer the question whether in the current context children are seen as persons or resources. (shrink)

The author of the article reconstructs the aesthetic motives in Arnold Gehlen’s project of philosophical anthropology. The first part of the essay presents the process of emerging of artistic creativity from ritual-presenting actions. In the second part author elaborates the conception of abstract art, which Gehlen treats as a specific laboratory in which artists explore the possibilities of deep, previously undiscovered layers of human perception.

Fenomenologia w dwudziestym wieku wiąże się z filozofią Edmunda Husserla. Punktem wyjścia jego myślenia jest założenie korelacji świata i świadomości. Podstawowe pojęcie intencjonalności świadomości ukazuje, że świadomość jest zawsze świadomością czegoś. Tak więc wszelkie bycie tego, co bytuje, istnieje o tyle, o ile ma odniesienie do doświadczającej, postrzegającej i myślącej świadomości. Swiat jest zatem korelatem świadomości. Fenomenologia nie jest początkiem drogi myślowej Martina Heideggera. Jego myślenie filozoficzne ma swoje korzenie w teologii i wczesnej fascynacji ontologią. Droga myślowa Heideggera wiedzie przez (...) fenomenologię i ontologię fundamentalną ku myśleniu bycia. Husserl położył podwaliny pod fenomenologię w swoim dziele Logische Untersuchungen. Heidegger był tym dziełem zawsze zafascynowany. Nie mógł tylko zaakceptować fenomenologii jako filozofii transcendentalnej. Natomiast w pierwotnej fenomenologicznej zasadzie „ku rzeczom samym” widział doskonałą możliwość filozofowania i myślenia metafizycznego. Przez dziesięć lat był Heidegger postacią wiodącą wśród młodych fenomenologów we Fryburgu Bryzgowijskim, uznawaną również przez samego Husserla. Później ich drogi myślowe się rozeszły. Heidegger zajmował się fenomenologią przez całe życie. Od ukazania się jego Sein und Zeit przejął, zajmowaną dotąd przez Husserla, wiodącą pozycję w ruchu fenomenologicznym. Heidegger zarzucał Husserlowi, że ten nie wyciągnął konsekwencji ontologicznych z fenomenologii. Zawsze ubolewał nad tym, że ostatecznie ich drogi się rozeszły. (shrink)

The two‐dimensional version of the classical Mycielski theorem says that for every comeager or conull set there exists a perfect set such that. We consider a strengthening of this theorem by replacing a perfect square with a rectangle, where A and B are bodies of some types of trees with. In particular, we show that for every comeager Gδ set there exist a Miller tree and a uniformly perfect tree such that and that cannot be a Miller tree. In the (...) case of measure we show that for every subset F of of full measure there exists a uniformly perfect tree such that and no side of such a rectangle can be a body of a Silver tree or a Miller tree. We also show some properties of forcing extensions from which we derive nonstandard proofs of Mycielski‐like theorems via the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem. (shrink)

Contemporary theories of learning and instruction as well as a large body of research have pinpointed the benefits of effective self-regulated learning (SRL) for students' academic achievements, yet research findings indicate that teachers' actual promotion of students' SRL strategies and students' actual use of such strategies are less common than expected. To extend the investigation of how and when teachers' expertise develops regarding SRL instruction practices in authentic classrooms, the current study compared preservice vs. inservice teachers' “noticing” of explicit SRL (...) teaching behaviors in videotaped classroom vignettes. Preservice teachers in a university teacher training program (N= 296) and inservice elementary, junior high, and high school teachers (N= 305) were presented with six online video cases accompanied by questions about the videotaped teachers' instruction of SRL planning, monitoring, and evaluation strategies. The results suggested that, overall, both preservice and inservice teachers failed to notice the expert teachers' explicit SRL teaching. Furthermore, their noticing ability failed to increase over the career span, with growing teaching experience. Thus, targeted instruction is recommended during both preservice training and inservice development programs to promote all teachers' application of evidence-based explicit SRL teaching strategies. (shrink)