El presente artículo es un reconocimiento y un homenaje a L'Höpital, de cuya muerte se ha cumplido recientemente el tercer centenario. En él se estudia la correspondencia L'Höpital-Leibniz para analizar el recientemente creado por Leibiz cálculo diferencial e integral y su ontología subyacente, así como la publicación del primer manual sobre la materia escrito por L'Höpital.

Obras escogidas/M. Sánchez-Mazas. - v.1.

The dream of Leibniz and that of Frege, to create a lingua characteristica in order to demonstrate conceptual thought, incorporates in a wider process, the division and tension between the distinct Spheres which the human sub-species have been creating. Spheres which remain hidden by natural language, essentially spoken language. For the creation and demonstration of the Conceptual Sphere the establishing of a language of characteres has become indispensable, essentially written language. Is a consequence a tension is established between Natural language-Formal (...) language with their corresponding reductionist tendences. (shrink)

En 1931 Gödel publica su Teorema de incompletud. Resultado clave en Lógica matemática, se interpretó como una limitación de los formalismos, un fracaso del Programa de Hilbert. Sin embargo, el método de aritmetización, la recursividad han propiciado una visión positiva y la creación de nuevas teorias - Teorías de la Complejidad, de Información algorítmica... -. Con ellas, nuevas demostraciones del teorema y, consecuentes, nuevas discusiones en Filosofía de la Matemática. En especial, desde la Teoría de la Complejidad. Además de incompleta, (...) la Matemática se ve por algunos como aleatoria y experimental. En este ensayo se pretende explicitar los supuestos de estas interpretaciones. Discusión que conduce, en principio, a su rechazo, dejando abierta la problemática sobre el aspecto epistemológico dei razonamiento matemático. (shrink)

The pascalian use of indivisibles is here considered in the context of the theological and mathematical debates of the time, by distinguishing it clearly from this of Cavalieri. The combinatory and geometrical approaches are closely linked in Pascal’s work. His use of indivisibles has a heuristic, inventive character and not only a demonstrative one. Ontologically speaking, it stems out from the acceptance of actual infinite. The use of the symmetry axiom of Archimedes is the basis of the pascalian use of (...) the infinitesimals, which has, in other respects, some close connexions with the Leibnizian conception of infinitesimals. (shrink)

May 2020 marked the 25th anniversary of the death of Miguel Sánchez-Mazas, founder of Theoria. An International Journal of Theory, History and Foundations of Science, and regarded as the person who brought mathematical logic to Spain. Here we present some of his biographical features and a summary of his contributions, from his early work in the 1950s - introducing contemporary advances in logic and philosophy of science in a philosophically backward milieu dominated by the scholasticism of that era in Spain (...) - to the development of a project of Lebnizian lineage aimed at producing an arithmetic calculation that would elude some of the difficulties confronting Leibniz’s calculus. (shrink)

The SRL vs. ERL theory has shown that the combination of levels of student self-regulation and regulation from the teaching context produces linear effects on achievement emotions and coping strategies. However, a similar effect on stress factors and symptoms of university students has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to test this prediction. It was hypothesized that the level of student self-regulation (low/medium/high), in interaction with the level of external regulation from teaching (low/medium/high), would also produce (...) a linear effect on stress factors and symptoms of university students. A total of 527 undergraduate students completed validated questionnaires about self-regulation, regulatory teaching, stress factors and symptoms. Using an ex post facto design by selection, ANOVAs and MANOVAs (3 x 3; 5 x 1; 5 x 2) were carried out. The results confirmed that the level of self-regulation and the level of regulatory teaching jointly determined the level of stress factors and symptoms of university students. Once again, a five-level heuristic of possible combinations was configured to jointly determined university students’ level of academic stress. We concluded that the combination of different levels of student regulation levels and regulation from teaching process jointly determines university students’ level of academic stress. The implications for university students’ emotional health, stress prevention and well-being are established. (shrink)

Gennaro Chtjerchia, Dynamics of meaning: anaphora, presupposition, and the the of grammar. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1995.xv+ 270 pp, £59.95, £31.95 G. Pr...

The aim of this research was to establish linear relations (association and prediction) and inferential relations between three constructs at different levels of psychological research –executive dysfunction(microanalysis),self-regulation(molecular level), andself-vs.external regulation(molar level), in the prediction of emotion regulation difficulties. We hypothesized that personal and contextual regulatory factors would be negatively related to levels of executive dysfunction and emotion regulation difficulties; by way of complement, non-regulatory and dysregulatory personal, and contextual factors would be positively related to these same difficulties. To establish relationships, (...) we used a retrospective,ex postfacto design, where 298 university students voluntarily participated by completing standardized self-reports. Linear and structural correlational, predictive analyses were performed, as well as inferential analyses. Results were consistent and validated the proposed hypotheses, for both association and prediction. The most important result refers to the discriminant value of the five-level combination heuristic for predicting Executive Function and External (contextual) Dys-Regulation. In conclusion: (1) both personal and contextual regulation factors must be analyzed in order to better understand the variation in executive functions and emotion regulation difficulties; (2) it is important to continue connecting the different levels of the constructs referring to self-regulation, given their complementary role in the behavioral analysis of regulation difficulties. (shrink)

The self- vs. external-regulation behavior theory, SR-ER Theory model has postulated the Self-Regulation /Non or De-Regulation/Dys-regulation continuum in the person and in their context. The model also generates a behavioral heuristic that allows us to predict and explain the variability of other dependent behavioral variables in a range of scenarios. Consequently, the objective of this study was to validate the different scales prepared on the basis of the theory presented. A total of 469 students voluntarily completed at different times the (...) five questionnaires presented, to give a total of 1,385 completed questionnaires. Using an ex post facto design, descriptive, correlational, confirmatory factorial analysis, reliability, and concurrent validity analyses were carried out. The scales were analyzed individually and as a whole. The results showed the acceptable structure of scale and consistent levels of reliability. The five levels generated by the SR-NR-DR combinatory heuristic that arises from the theoretical model determined significant differences in the levels of the variables analyzed for each psychological context. We discuss the theoretical implications and the implications for the assessment and improvement of the behaviors analyzed in function of the personal and contextual regulation levels evaluated. (shrink)

Given the potential that environmentally oriented anti-consumption (EOA) has in achieving environmental sustainability, the authors draw upon marketing, management, environmental, and psychology studies to conceptualize and delimit EOA, differentiating it from other (related but distinct) phenomena. In addition, the authors review the available literature at the individual (micro) level and summarize research on the antecedents and meanings of broad and specific/strict EOA practices with different targets. Furthermore, the authors propose an agenda for future research, which reflects on EOA not only (...) at the individual (micro) level, but also lays out new opportunities for EOA work at organizational (meso), industry, and national (macro) levels. The work presented here hopes to spark multilevel research on EOA, its antecedents and consequences, and reactions to EOA phenomena. (shrink)

En las últimas décadas, un grupo de científicos y teólogos ha abierto camino a la renovación de la Teología de la Creación. En este artículo se defiende la necesidad de introducir modelos teológicos que resistan el diálogo con la ciencia y se apuntan algunas líneas de trabajo abiertas por dichos autores; la causalidad descendente como modelo de acción creadora continua, la posibilidad o no de acciones particulares de Dios, la relación de Dios con la creación a través del tiempo. Encontramos (...) en estos campos un ejemplo de cómo desarrollar el futuro de la Teología de la Creación, constituyendo en sí mismos campos de estudio que necesitan mayor profundidad. (shrink)

A partir de la hermenéutica de Gadamer, en este artículo se interpretan las posiciones que asumen Grondin, Zabala y Ortiz-Osés, acerca del sentido del ser como creación o dación, mediación y responsabilidad. La condición de ser y estar en el mundo es filosóficamente un modo de existencia compartida ..